1. Annals of Clinical and Medical
Case Reports
ISSN 2639-8109
Case Report
Surgical Treatment for Iatrogenic Intrathoracic Subclavian Artery
Aneurysm
Mucignat M1
, Tsolaki E1*
, Rocca T1
and Gasbarro V1
1
Unit of Vascular Surgery, S.Anna Univeristy Hospital, Via Aldo Moro 8 Cona, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
1. Abstract
Subclavian artery aneurysms (SAAs) are not common but with possible limb and life threatening
complications. The present report describes a case of a large right iatrogenic subclavian artery aneu-
rysm presenting with back pain, successfully treated with aneurysmectomy and graft interposition
through a median sternotomy.
2. Key words
Subclavian artery; Sternotomy;
endovascular repair
3. Introduction
Subclavian artery aneurysms (SAAs) are rare but with possible life
and upper limb threatening complications. We describe a case of a
large right iatrogenic subclavian artery aneurysm presenting with
back pain, successfully treated with aneurysmectomy and graft in-
terposition through a median sternotomy.
4. Case Report
A 63 year old male, presented to the emergency department be-
cause of acute onset of back cervical and thoracic pain. He also
referred occasional nonspecific chest pain, but no other symptoms.
Past medical history was positive for acute myocardial infarction
and angioplasty 13 years earlier. Regarding that procedure patient
referred that a right radial approach was initially attempted but
failed because of the tortuous anatomy of the right subclavian ar-
tery. The procedure was finally performed through a femoral ac-
cess. Other comorbidities included hypertension and dyslipidemia.
An ECG was performed and demonstrated normal sinus rhythm
without any acute ST changes. The physical examination excluded
a muscular etiology of the pain, no differences of arterial pressure
were observed between the upper limbs, as for radial pulses. Com-
puted tomography angiogram revealed a 60x55 mm right proximal
subclavian artery aneurysm, located in the anterior-superior side of
the right mediastinum (Figures 1A,1B). The aneurysm determined
compression of the superior vena cava and slight left deviation of
the trachea. A surgical treatment was performed under general an-
esthesia. A median sternotomy then prolonged laterally to the right
supraclavicular region was performed in order to obtain a better
exposure and control of the aneurysm (Figure 2). The aneurysm
*Corresponding Author (s): Elpiniki Tsolaki, Unit of Vascular Surgery, S.Anna Univeristy
Hospital, Via Aldo Moro 8 Cona, 44124 Ferrara, Italy. Tel: +39-0532236550, Fax: +39-
0532236582, E-mail: niki.tsolaki@gmail.com
http://www.acmcasereport.com/
was arising 3 cm from the origin of the subclavian artery and the
proximal and distal segments of the subclavian artery presented a
tortuous anatomy, identified as a coiling. Prior proximal and dis-
tal clamping of the subclavian artery, the aneurysm was removed
en block and artery was reconstructed with the interposition of a
8mm ePTFE Propaten vascular graft (Figure 3). Postoperatively
patient presented hoarseness that required vocal rehabilitation and
medical treatment with steroids and Vitamin B complex. No other
neurological deficits at the right upper limb were observed. Patient
was discharged on day 10 and underwent follow-up in the outpa-
tient laboratory with clinical and ultrasound examination after 1
month and CT angiogram at 12 months. At the follow-up paten-
cy of the subclavian artery was confirmed and no signs of pseu-
doaneurysm formation or any haemodynamic modifications were
observed. Hoarseness significantly improved after rehabilitation.
Histopathologic examination of the resected aneurysm showed
the presence of all three arterial layers with atherosclerotic arterial
walls and chronic adventitialinflammation.
Figure 1A, 1B: CT angiogram showing the severe tortuosity of the distal subcla-
vian artery (arrow)1A. multiplanar reconstruction of the SAA, 1B: postero-later-
al view, 3D reconstruction. C=clavicle; SA=subclavian artery; CA=carotid artery;
AT=anonymus trunk
Citation: Tsolaki E, Surgical Treatment for Iatrogenic Intrathoracic Subclavian Artery
Aneurysm. Annals of Clinical and Medical Case Reports. 2020; 4(5): 1-3.
Volume 4 Issue 5- 2020
Received Date: 15 June 2020
Accepted Date: 26 June 2020
Published Date: 30 June 2020

2. Volume 4 Issue 5-2020 Case Report
Figure 2: SAA in situ, showing the proximal linear segment of the subclavian artery
and the distal tortuous segment
Figure 3: Artery reconstruction after SAA resection. This picture evidences the sub-
version of the anatomy of the superior mediastinum made by the SAA
5. Discussion
Subclavian artery aneurysms (SAAs) are very rare [1-6] as rep-
resent the 0,13% of atherosclerotic aneurysms [7, 8] and 1% of
peripheral aneurysms and may cause life- and limb-threatening
complications. They can be classified by their location in intra and
extrathoracic, by their position in proximal (the most common),
medial and distal third of the subclavian artery. The evoking mech-
anisms of SAA formation seems to differ between each region of
the SA. Proximal aneurysms are mostly caused by atherosclerosis
(19%), collagen disorders (18%), trauma (15%), infection (13%)
and in-hospital procedures (12%). The middle segment SAAs are
mainly caused by collagen disorders (23%) [9-11], trauma (15%),
in-hospital procedures (10%), infection (10%) and thoracic outlet
syndrome (TOS) (15%). Distal SAA are mostly described in re-
lation to TOS (46%) or as a consequence of blunt or penetrating
trauma (23%) [12, 13]. Less frequent causes are represented by vas-
culitis, cystic medial necrosis and tuberculosis [13]. Most SAAs are
asymptomatic, symptoms, when present, are related to local com-
pression and include chest or back pain, venous congestion and
hoarseness. Distal embolization is rare. Finally, rupture represents
a life threatening complication and is more frequent in proximal
SAAs [7]. Since the natural history of SAAs is unknown and no
guidelines regarding the timing of intervention are available, early
treatment is necessary in order to prevent potential complications.
The therapeutic possibilities for these aneurysms include endovas-
cular, hybrid and open surgical options. Currently the endovascu-
lar repair, being less invasive, represents the treatment of choice
for SAA [14]. Selection criteria for this treatment include adequate
landing zones and the absence of severe subclavian artery tortu-
osity [15]. In our case the distal landing zone of the subclavian ar-
tery presented a complete coiling. Placement of a covered stent was
initially hypothesized to manage the lesion even though arterial
catheterization would be not easy. However the presence of severe
vessel curvature would determine an increased risk of artery subse-
quent kinking or thrombosis. Additionally, the possibility of stent
fracture was a possible complication due to the mechanical stress
produced by the clavicle and muscles of this area. Therefore, con-
sidering patients’ good clinical condition, the young age and the
necessity of aneurysmectomy in order to decompress the nearby
structures, we preferred the surgical repair. Postoperatively hoarse-
ness was the only complication observed and was successfully
managed with rehabilitation. Regarding the etiology of the lesion
an artery perforation was initially hypothized occurring during the
cardiological procedure by the advance of the guide catheter in the
tortuous subclavian artery. However a true aneurysm was revealed
at the histopathological examination and did not confirm the first
hypothesis.
6. Conclusions
Subclavian artery aneurysms are currently treated with endovas-
cular techniques. Patients’ comorbidities and arterial anatomy in-
fluence the choice of repair therefore experience in surgical tech-
niques is still mandatory in case endovascular treatment is not
feasible.
7. Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
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3. Volume 4 Issue 5-2020 Case Report
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