2. 
Actions happening at a defined moment in the past: clear indication of
past time. Action can be very long lasting.



Repetead actions in the past



We always had steak and kidney pie on Saturdays when I was young.
I gladly walked to school…. until I was given a bike.
Sequence of past actions


He phoned last night.
For centuries people believed in witches.
He got up, took the coat, gave me a nasty look and disappeared into the night.
Past states

When my brother was young, he liked spinach.

3. The Boy Who Laughed at Santa
Claus
by Ogden Nash
In Baltimore there lived a boy.
He wasn't anybody's joy.
Although his name was Jabez Dawes,
His character was full of flaws.
In school he never led his classes,
He hid old ladies' reading glasses,
His mouth was open when he chewed,
And elbows to the table glued.
He stole the milk of hungry kittens,
And walked through doors marked NO
ADMITTANCE.
He said he acted thus because
There wasn't any Santa Claus.

4. 
Modal past tense - an eventuality is hypothetical.





I wish I knew what to write about .
I wish you were here.
It is high time you moved.
Suppose you got a loan. Would you buy that
motorcycle?
If he was/were rich, she would go out with him.
N.B.
“if” with will or would
is (almost) never any good!

5. The regular verbs take an ‘ed’ after the
base form, unless the base ends in ‘e’.
Then only ‘d’ is added
I called Sam yesterday. He never
arrived.

6. •
•
•
after a consonant, final y becomes i
worry she worried
after a short, stressed vowel, the final
consonant is doubled
admit he admitted
final l is doubled in British English when
preceded by one vowel letter
travel travelled (Am.E: traveled)

7. 
Quite a number of irregular verbs are
waiting to be learnt by heart

(He lay down on the sofa, lit a cigarette and
swore at the guests.)
http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/irregular-verbs/

8. 
Find the errors in the following sentence. Write down the error
and correct it (there are 10 errors!)
When Emma was young, her family often
pickniked in the woods. They carryed
food and blankets, and they ate and
playd all afternoon. The uncles throwed
frisbees and flied kites, while the aunts
prefered to gossip. If the sun didn’t
shone and the picnic were canceled, the
children weeped.

Now give the rule for each of the corrections.

9. 
The errors in the following sentence.
When Emma was young, her family often
pickniked in the woods. They carr yed
food and blankets, and they ate and
playd all afternoon. The uncles throwed
frisbees and flied kites, while the aunts
prefered to gossip. If the sun didn’t
shone and the picnic w ere cancel?ed, the
children weeped.

Now give the rule for each of the corrections.

10. 
If there is a clear indication of past time (remember the
LAWDY -rule)
Last week/month/year/century
Ago

I saw him two days ago.
When

When I was younger I owned a Fiat 500.
Date

He lived here in 2006.
Yesterday 
I got my money yesterday.

When the context is an indication of time :
Capone received his infamous facial scars and the resulting
nickname "Scarface" when he insulted a patron and was
attacked by her brother.

11. LAWDY – rule
L – last week, last month, last year
A – ago: a year ago, an hour ago
W – when I was a teenager, when I went home
D – date: in 2006, in the past, on November 4th
Y – yesterday he called me an idiot
Now write your own sentences using
a clear indication of past time :
5 sentences, one for each example
of the LAWDY rule.

12. 
Habitual past (with a stated or implied time marker)


‘The King would often visit Mahaghiri to take her some special tit-bit
to eat and check that Rajinder was looking after her properly. But
Rajinder needed no reminding, for he also loved the elephant
dearly, and trusted her completely. Every morning, he would take
her down to the river for her bath. Then he would bring her freshly
cut grass, leaves and the finest fruits he could find in the market for
her breakfast. During the day, he would talk to her and, in the
evening, he would play his flute to send her to sleep.’
Used to: past actions that no longer exist

14. 


And wat were you doing while I was trying to
solve this difficult maths equation?
Well darling,I was cooking most delishious
supper especially for you.
Ha, I was looking forward to eating it the
entire day.

15. Verb ending in...
(Most verbs)
1 vowel + 1 consonant
1 vowel + 1 consonant + E
Final –ie
How to make the -ING form
Add -ING
Double the consonant, then add -ING
Examples
say - saying
go - going
walk - walking
swim - swimming
hit - hitting
get - getting
Remove E, then add –ING
come - coming
lose - losing
live – living
Change –ie to y, then add -ING
die – dying
tie -- tying

16. 

Use I
Action in progress at a specific moment in
time in the past



At the time of the robbery, The Jonses were staying with
my parents.
Actions generally in progress in the past
Limited duration in the past (temporary)

My head was aching again, so I went home.

17. 

Use II
Two (or more) actions that were in progress
in the past at the same time


Sorry I wasn’t listening to you while you were talking,
though I like your voice.
Nobody was paying attention while the teacher was
explaining tenses.

18. 

Use III
Interrupted actions – we contrast an ongoing
action with a single event which interrupts it.



I was sleeping when the telephone rang and woke me up.
Even worse, my friend phoned while I was studying
grammar.
Nina slipped on a banana as she was running to school.

19. 

Use IV
To describe past arrangements:


Of course he was nervous, he was flying to the moon
the next morning.
Tom said he was watching a movie on TV that evening.
(And that’s why he couldn’t join us?)

20. 

Use V
descriptions and background information in
narrative (the events are in Past Simple)

Little Red Riding Hood went out of the house to visit
grandma. The sun was shining, the birds were singing,
and the wind was whispering in the trees. She entered
the forest and suddenly saw something which was
moving in the trees…Then she pulled the gun.

21. 
http://baladre.info/english/sedaviwebfront/pastsimplecontinuous.htm

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exerciseenglish-23917.php

23. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Jack always lays/lies the cordless telephone where no one can find it.
Although the crowd shouts for him to rise, Charles lies/lays in the
middle of the boxing ring, felled by a powerful uppercut delivered by
Antonio, his opponent.
Gently rocked by ocean waves, Robbie lay/laid on the raft,
unconcerned about the distance to shore or fish nibbling the fingers
he dangled in the water.
Rachel laid/lay her month-late essay in Dr. Cohen's mailbox, hoping
that he would still accept the work.
Zack laid/lay his head in his hands and sobbed. He had a 7.4 average
in his English class and he had hoped for a clear 8.
The bill for the expensive meal has lain/has laid on the table so long
that Melissa wonders if her boyfriend Kris has forgotten that it is his
turn to pay.

24. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Jack always lays/lies the cordless telephone where no one can find it.
Although the crowd shouts for him to rise, Charles lies/lays in the
middle of the boxing ring, felled by a powerful uppercut delivered by
Antonio, his opponent.
Gently rocked by ocean waves, Robbie lay/laid on the raft,
unconcerned about the distance to shore or fish nibbling the fingers
he dangled in the water.
Rachel laid/lay her month-late essay in Dr. Cohen's mailbox, hoping
that he would still accept the work.
Zack laid/lay his head in his hands and sobbed. He had a 7.4 average
in his English class and he had hoped for a clear 8.
The bill for the expensive meal has lain/has laid on the table so long
that Melissa wonders if her boyfriend Kris has forgotten that it is his
turn to pay.