1. 21st CENTURY LITERATURE from
the PHILIPPINES and the WORLD
Ma’am Cristine Joy M.
Pingaron, LPT
Part 1

2. Mapping Our Literary Past,
Present and Future

3. Reasons why Literature is
important
• Expanding horizons
• A leap into the past
• Appreciations for other
cultures and beliefs

4. Week2
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the world
Pre colonial or pre
historic period
Pre- SPANISH PERIOD

5. The Pre-Colonial Period Forms

7. Oral Literature
a. RIDDLES
b. PROVERBS
c. SONGS
• Folksongs
• Lullaby
• Serenade
d. Chants
e. Epics
f. Myths
g. Legends
h. Fables
i. Folktales
Forms of Literature

8. Pre-Spanish
Literature
LEGENDS arenarrative prose whichaim to
entertain and tell the story of
how an object, place, or name
originated.
FOLKTALES are narratives about life, quest,
love,horror,and comedy where
one canget lessons about life.
EPICS are long narrative poems that dealt
with the protagonists’ or heroes’
series of heroic achievements or
events.

9. Pre-Spanish
Literature
MYTHS are narratives that describe and
portray in symbolic language the
origin of the basic elements and
assumptionsof a culture
FOLK
SONG
S
are one of the eldest types of
Philippine literaturethat appeared in
the Pre-Spanish time. Folk songs
reflect and preserve the culture of
the earlyFilipinos

10. A. RIDDLES
•are like Proverbs
•demands an answer
•used in battle of wits
•Flippant in nature.

11. Riddle (bugtong)
Made up of one or more measured lines
with rhymes and may consist of 4 to 12
syllables.
Showcase the Filipino wit, literary
talent, and keen observation of the
surroundings.
Involves reference to one or two
images that symbolize the
characteristics of an unknown object
that is to be guessed.

12. Purpose of bugtong
 To entertain. Living in remote areas, before the advent of
electricity, families would sit around the fire and the elders would
quiz the younger generation with riddles.
 To educate. Riddles serve the function of passing down knowledge
from one generation to the next. They require thinking in order to
solve them.
 To excite. Many old Filipino riddles were intended to amuse the
men and shock the women.
 To curse, without expressing cursing. A riddle could be made up
against an enemy, rival town, or suitor.
 To preserve the culture. Riddles communicate the old ways from
one generation to the next.

13. “Heto na si Kaka, bubuka – bukaka”

14. “bulaklak muna ang dapat gawin, bago
mo ito kainin.”

15. “ Ako ay kaibigan, kasama ko kahit
saan,”

16. “ISA ANG PASUKAN, TATLO ANG
LABASAN

17. “KUNG KAILAN MO PINATAY, SAKA PA
HUMABA ANG BUHAY”

18. “MALAKI AT MAUMBOK, HINIHIMAS
BAGO PUMASOK

19. Examples of ancient Filipino poetry
Dalawang Balon
Hindi Malingon
Sa araw ay Bungbong
Sa gabi ay dahon

20. Examples of ancient Filipino
poetry
Sang dalagang marikit
Nakaupo sa tinik
Kung bayaa’y nabubuhay
Kung himasi’y namamatay

21. Examples of ancient Filipino
poetry
It can fly. It has butter in it. But
you cannot eat it.
It is very entertaining. It
teaches you how to make tea.
Or how to catch a bee. If you
watch it for hours.
You are not free…

22. example
Ate mo, ate ko, Ate ng lahat
ng tao. (My sister your sister,
everyone’s sister)
Atis (Sugar Apple)

23. B. PROVERBS
• Practical observations and
philosophy
• Rhyming scheme
• Entertaining and informative
“Kung ano ang puno, siya ang
bunga” “Kung walang tiyaga,
walang nilaga”

24. Salawikain & Sawikain
Epigrams/ Maxims/ Proverbs
Short poems that have been customarily
been used and served as laws or rules on
good behavior by our ancestors.
Allegories or parables that impart lessons
for the young
Often expressing a single idea, that is
usually satirical and had a witty ending,

25. Ex. Of salawikain
Ang matapat na kaibigan,
Tunay na maasahan
Lumalakad ang kalabasa,
Naiiwan ang bunga

26. Ex. Of salawikain
Ang matapat na kaibigan,
Tunay na maasahan
Lumalakad ang kalabasa,
Naiiwan ang bunga

27. Ex. Of salawikain
• Ang lubid nalalagot,
Kung saang dako marupok
• Aanhin pa ang damo,
Kung patay na ang kabayo
• Ang sumisira sa bakal,
Ay kanya ring kalawang

28. Ex. Of sawikain
• Kung ano ang ginagawa ng matanda,
Ay siyang gagawin din ng bata
• Nasa Diyos ang awa,
Nasa tao ang gawa
• Pagkahaba-haba man ng prusisyon,
Sa simbahan din ang tuloy.

29. Ex. Of sawikain
• Malakas ang loob,
Mahina ang tuhod.
• Tulak ng bibig,
Kabig ng dibdib.
• Kumukulo ang dugo
• Isulat sa tubig

30. Oralliterature
C.SONGS
 Folk Songs
(Awit ng Bayan)
 Songs with
lines often
describe ad
repetitive,
didactic and
sonorous.

31. C.SONGS
a. Folk Songs
(Awit ng
Bayan)
 Songs with
lines often
describe ad
repetitive,
didactic and
sonorous.
Oralliterature

32. C.SONGS
b. Lullaby (Oyayi)
 Consists of
soothing
songs with
lines often
sung to put
babies to
sleep.
Oralliterature

33. C.S
O
N
G
S
Maturug,duduaya
Maturog kad tay
bunga,
Tay lalaki nga
napigsa
Ta inton dumakkel
tay bunga,
Taya mon a ibaga
me.
C.S
O
N
G
S
G to sleep, dear
little one
Will my child
please sleep,
This strong boy
So when the child
grows big
He will obey
Everything that
we say.
Oralliterature

34. C.SONGS
c. Serenade
(Harana)
 A courtship
song used by
young men to
capture the
heart of the
girl they love.
Oralliterature

35. C.S
O
N
G
S
Dungawin mo hirang,
Ang nananamnitan,
Kahit isang sulyap man
lamang
Ay iyong idampulay
Oralliterature

36. D. BULONG (CHANTS)
Used in witchcraft or
enchantments

37. D.CHANTS(Bulong)
 Used to give
respect,
excuse, or
apology to
unseen or
other
elemental
spirits
Oralliterature

38. D.CHANTS(Bulong)
 Our ancestors
believed in to
deliver them
from danger
or harm, or
cast a spell or
enchantment.
Oralliterature

39. Oral
literature
C.C
H
A
N
T
S
Tabi- tabi po, Ingkong,
makikiraan po lamang
(Tagalog)
Bari-bari po, Apo,
umisbo lang ti tao.
(Ilokano)
Ikaw ang nagnanakaw
ng bigas ko
Lumuwa sana ang mata
mo
D.C
H
A
N
T
S
Tabi- tabi po, Ingkong,
makikiraan po lamang
(Tagalog)
Bari-bari po, Apo,
umisbo lang ti tao.
(Ilokano)
Ikaw ang nagnanakaw
ng bigas ko
Lumuwa sana ang mata
mo
Mamaga sana ang
katawan mo
Patayin ka ng mga anito.

40. Bulong (chants)
Examples:
 Dagang Malaki, dagang maliit,
Heto ang ngipin kong sira at pangit
Bigyan mo ng bagong kapalit.

41. Bulong (chants)
Examples:
Tabi, tabi po nuno.
Huwag pong magagalit,
Aming pinuputol lamang,
Ang sa ami’y napag-utusan.

42. E. Epics
This is an extended narrative about
heroic exploits often under supernatural
control.
A. Biag ni Lam-Ang- Ilokano
B. Hudhud at Alim- Ifugao
C. Ibalon at Asnon- Bicol
D. Kumintang- Tagalog

43. EPICS
• Heroic exploits
Hinilawod
Biag ni Lam Ang

44. Epics
E. Maragtas, Haraya at Lagda- Bisaya
F. Hari ng Bukid- Negros
G. Bantugan- Muslim
H. Bidasari- Malay Muslim
I. Indarapatra at Sulayman- Mindanao
J. Hinlawod- Panay
K. Tuwaang- Bagobo

45. F. MYTHS
 Symbolic
narratives, usually
of unknown origin
and at least partly
traditional, that
ostensibly relate
actual events and
are especially
associated with
religious belief.

46. F
. MYTHS
 Ancient Filipino
myths;
 Ex. The Story of
Bathala
 Ang Pag-aaway ng
Dagat at LAngit,.
Oralliterature

47. G.LEGENDS
 Known as alamat, are
stories that explain
the origin of things
and phenomena in
the surrounding
world.
 The Legend of
Mariang Makiling, The
Legent of Mayon, and
The Legend of
Sampaguita
Oralliterature

48. H. Fables
 Brief stories for the
children of the native
Filipinos.
 Talk about the
supernatural; or
extraordinary people
and usually narrates
to demonstrate a
moral or life lesson.
Oralliterature

49. H. Fables
 Use animals as
characters to
represent a particular
attribute or
characteristic.
 One of the most
orally narrated
Filipino is Ang
Matsing at ang
Pagong
 by Dr. Jose
Oralliterature

50. I. FOLKTALES
(KWENTONG BAYAN)
 Stories that deal
with the power of
nature-personified,
their submission to
a deity (Bathala),
and how the deity
is responsible for
the blessings and
the curses in the
form of calamities.
Oralliterature

51. SpanishPeriod
(1565-1898)

52. SP
ANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
SpanishInfluences on PhilippineLiterature
Alibata was the earliest Filipino writing system which
was replaced by the Roman alphabet,
The basis for religious practices was theChristian
Doctrine
TheSpanish language, which lent many of its words
to our language, served as the medium of instruction
and language of literature.
Our songs, corridos,and moro-moros were mostly
about the legends and traditions from Europe.

53. SP
ANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
SpanishInfluences on PhilippineLiterature
Ancient literaturewas translatedand became
available inTagalog and other dialects.
Grammar books were published in different
Filipino languages such as Tagalog, Ilocano,
andVisayan.
Several magazines and periodicals were
written in religious light and tone.

55. SP
ANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
THE FIRSTBOOKS
TheChristian
Doctrine
(DoctrinaCristiana)
This was the first Tagalog and
Spanish book published in the
Philippines in 1593 inXylography.
Libro de losCuatro
Post Primeras de
Hombre
This was the first book publishedin
typography.
Nuestra Senoradel
Rosario
This was the second book printedin
the Philippines authored by Fr
.
Blancas deSan Jose in 1602.

57. SP
ANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
THE FIRSTBOOKS
Ang Barlaanat
Josephat
This book was the first Biblical story
published in thePhilippines.
ThePassion This book narrates the life and sufferings of
Jesus Christ, and it is normally recited
during the lentseason.
Urbana atFelisa The father of Tagalog classic prose,
Modesto deCastro authored this book.
Ang Mga DalitKay
Maria (Psalms for
Mary)
This is a collection of songs praisingVirgin
Mary.

58. SP
ANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
FOLKSONGS
• Leron-LeronSinta • Dandansoy
• Pamulinawen • Sarong Banggi
• AtinCu PungSingsing

59. Leron, leron sinta
Buko ng papaya,
Dala-dala'y buslo,
Sisidlan ng bunga,
Pagdating sa dulo
Nabali ang sanga
Kapos kapalaran,
Humanap ng iba.
Gumising ka, Neneng,
Tayo'y manampalok,
Dalhin mo ang buslo
Sisidlan ng hinog.
Pagdating sa dulo
Lalamba-lambayog,
Kumapit ka, neneng,
Baka ka mahulog.
Leron, leron sinta
Buko ng papaya,
Dala-dala'y buslo,
Sisidlan ng bunga,
Pagdating sa dulo'y
Nabali ang sanga
Kapos kapalaran
Humanap ng iba

60. Sing “Leron Leron Sinta”

61. SP
ANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
RECREATIONALPLAYS
Tibag This is a ritual to remind the people about the search of
Saint Helena for the Holy Cross where Jesus Christ was
nailed and died.
Lagaylay is a special occasion to get together during the month
of May for the Pilarenos ofSorsogon
Cenaculo is a dramatic performance to re-enact the passion and
death of Jesus Christ. There are two kinds of cenaculo:
a.Cantada which is chanted like the Passion, and the
b.Hablada which has a more dignified theme where the
lines are spoken in a more deliberate manner showing the
rhythmic measure of each verse and stanza.

63. SPANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
RECREATIONALPLAYS
Panunuluyan is a play where the search of Virgin
Mary and Saint Joseph for an inn to
deliver the babyJesus is reenacted.
Salubong is an Easter Sunday play, usually held
before sunrise, stages the meeting of
the Risen Jesus Christ and His
Mother.
Carillo (also known as shadow play) is a
dramatic entertainment
performed during darknights.

65. SPANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
RECREATIONALPLAYS
Zarzuela (also known as theFather of Drama) is
a musical comedyor melodrama.
Sainete is a brief yet exaggerated musical
comedy wherein the characters
depicted came from the lower
class.
Moro-Moro is a play held in every city fiesta for the
individuals to enjoy and
commemorate theirChristianity.

67. SPANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
RECREATIONALPLAYS
Karagatan
/Duplo
is a poetic competition where a
tradition is performed based on a
legend about a princess who dropped
her ring into the middle of the ocean
and who offered her hand in marriage
to anyone who can find it.
Balagtasan is a poetic debate about a socially-
relevant topic or issue. This is held in
honor of Francisco “Balagtas”
Baltazar.

68. DUPLO/KARAGATAN
• Dramas about Catholic Mourning
and Harvest season

70. SPANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
RECREATIONALPLAYS
Dung-aw is a chant in free verse by a grieving
person beside thecorpse of the dead.

72. “Learn the past, watch
the present and
create the future.”
-JessConrad

73. THANKYOU!
Ann JunevaA.Lozano,LPT
aalozano@fatima.edu.ph

74. FOLKSONGS
• informal expressions of our
ancestors’ life experiences
Courtship
Lullabies
Harvests
funerals

75. TALES
• Origins
• a.k.a. MYTHS or LEGENDS
Bernardo Carpio
Mount Arayat

76. Pre-Colonial Literature
•Oral Literature (Oralis
litterae - Latin)

77. ACTIVITY 1
one whole sheet of yellow paper
1.What is the relevance of studying
precolonial forms of literature?
2.Among the five forms of literature
mentioned, what are you most familiar
with and why?

78. Sir Marvz
pp 9-10 (Book)
Spanish Colonial Philippine
Literature

79. Pre-colonial Literature
– Oral Literature (Oralis litterae - Latin)

80. Spanish Colonial Philippine
Literature

81. Immediate shift on the focus of
literature.
 Centered on Christian shift
Traditional Spanish themes and form
of writing.

82. Kinds of Literatures during Spanish
Colonial
1. CORRIDO
2. AWIT
3. PASYON
4. CENACULO
5. MORO – MORO
6. CARILLO
7. TIBAG
8. DUPLO/KARAGATAN
9. ZARZUELA

83. Spanish Colonial
-Las artes escenicas
(Spanish)
-Performing Arts

84. Kinds of Literatures during Spanish
Colonial
• CORRIDO
• AWIT PASYON
• CENACULO
• MORO – MORO
• CARILLO
• TIBAG
• DUPLO/KARAGATAN
• ZARZUELA

85. CORRIDO
 Life of Saints
 History of a tradition
 Faith
 Phenomenon/Wonder
 8 Syllables (Fast)

86. Pasyon
• Narrative poem about Jesus Christ
(birth – death)
• Sung during Lenten season
• Women performers

87. CENACULO
 Dramatization of The Passion of Christ
 Sufferings and death of Jesus Christ

88. AWIT
• Chivalric poem about hero
• Sung in religious processions
• Warrior/Legend
• 12 Syllables (slow)
• Close to the truth

89. Moro - moro
• Melodrama depicting conflict between
Christians and Muslims
• Battles to death
• Proofs of faith

90. CARILLO
 Shadow as the main spectacle
 Figures projected onto a white screen

91. TIBAG
• Dramatic reenactment of St. Helana’s
search for the Holy Cross

92. DUPLO/KARAGATAN
• Dramas about Catholic Mourning and
Harvest season

93. ZARZUELA
• Famous form of entertainment
• Musical comedies or melo-dramas
• Elemental passions of human
• Shows a satiric and begrudge life

94. Prepare for a Short Quiz Next
Meeting
(1/2 Lengthwise)