1) Britain wanted to increase trade with Latin America after their independence in 1824. British merchants exported goods like cotton and invested in the new governments, but this led to a financial crisis that hurt merchants. 2) Economic interests between Britain and Latin America peaked from the 1870s-1890s as Britain provided loans, infrastructure, and banks for countries like Argentina. After World War I, relations deteriorated as Britain went from creditor to debtor. 3) There were several causes for 19th century wars in Latin America, including ideology of independence from Spain/Portugal, boundary disputes, and fights over territories like Texas.

1. Modern Latin America By Roderick Presley

2. Britain and Latin America Britain’s Foreign Secretary George Canning wanted trade with Latin America once Spanish America became free in 1824. The success of Britain and Latin American ties marked a two hundred years of attempts by other British people trying to promote their influence. In 1825 British Merchants started sending goods such as cotton textiles while London speculators invested loans into these new governments which eventually turned into a financial crisis. Mining companies failed and the new governments were unable to raise the revenue. The markets brought ruins to the merchants. The disaster brought many of the Republics into dictatorship. Eventually in the 1840s Latin America recovered and did trading exports on products such as copper and wool. Trading occurred with Latin America and Great Britain where the British and Latin America made success.

3. Britain and Latin America Economic interests between Britain and Latin America was at its peak during the economic crisis from the mid 1870s to the early 1890s. The British has provided government loans, railways, public utilities, commercial banks, plants, and land for Argentina. By the middle of the 20th century the relations between the two nations deteriorated mainly because of the First World War and then went from a creditor to being in debt After World War II trade was reduced even further and left Britain in further debt to Latin American countries.

4. Causes for War in 19th century for Latin America There were numerous reasons for this war. Ideology for Independence which for Latin America was economic, social, and political frustrations. Boundary disputes was another cause of war such as Kings of Spain and Portugal 1776. Territories such as Texas which started in 1837

5. Brazil: Capital Sins Despite their extraordinary potential Brazil is a giant with enormous problems. In 1970 Brazil was in the path to development after a six year military rule and at the time had economic stability with high hopes and industrial wealth. Auto industry played a key role in Brazil’s economy. The military would not let anyone get in the way of their vision of Brazil. Brazil’s ideology was Democracy and no Communism.

6. Brazil: Capital Sins The gap between the rich and poor in the 1970s grew more and more. OPEC countries was raising prices on oil which hit Brazil hard. Eventually Brazil got into huge debt and in addition had to pay the U.S. high interests rates. Brazil had to go into recession because of the huge debt and incomes decreased. The Government said they would help the poor but never really did. Problem was Brazil wanted to grow which wasn’t possible, so Brazil ended up in a huge debt. World’s largest exporter of Orange Juice and used it as a way to pay off debt. Also cut back on spending and went to the IMF for help, but didn’t succeed. In 1984 the military could not stifle and call for a democracy. The Military was demoralized in 1984 because of the times of crisis and the people of Brazil no longer wanted them. In 1985 power was handed over to the civilians by the military and success was short lived. Inflations spiraled which made prices go up. In the 1980s Brazil had one of the worst recessions ever in history. Brazil eventually had the first black Congresswoman name Beneditada Silva. Brazil eventually made progress and became a Democratic country.

7. Second World: Brazil Taking up half of the continent. Also known to be the United States of South America and the continents natural leader. Attracts labor and investments from all sides. World’s largest exporter of beef, oranges, sugar, coffee, poultry, pork, and soy. Taken three revolutions for Brazil to be Latin America’s greatest power. Southern Hemisphere’s melting pot with all sorts of ethnicities. Has class divisions between the rich and poor where the first and third visibly coexists.

8. Second World: Mexico It’s said that if Mexico is not pulled out of the second world but rather goes into the third world then both Mexico and the U.S. will suffer. Once an oil exporter but now manufactured goods is 80 % of its exports. Many jobs lost because many maquiladores have shut down and moved to China. As a result to the loss of jobs there has been illegal immigration. There is an urban-rural split thus bringing four Mexicans: a northern region of the American border, central Mexico, the economically destitute isthmus region, and the “New Maya” region of Yucatan. The U.S. has secretly invested in the micro-entrepreneurship and educational programs to encourage Mexicans to stay in the country.

9. Second World: Venezuela Without oil Venezuela would be a powerless third world country, but with oil it’s a major energy source provider. Gas is cheaper than water in Venezuela. Economically Venezuela is a “society of accomplices.” Chavez has threatened to cut off oil to the U.S. and sell refineries in the U.S. to invest in China’s. In exchange China offered to send people to build homes for them. In addition, Europe is Venezuela’s largest investor in energy and services.

10. Second World: Argentina and Chile Argentina is viewed as a hemispheric rival to the U.S. In the 1920s Argentina was the 7th richest nation in the world because of its production in beef and wheat. Argentina has suffered the vicious cycles most second world countries face which is liberation of enterprises, investments, growth, vulnerabilities, failed rescue products, and economic and political unraveling. Once compared to Paris now more than half the population suffered from poverty. Like Brazil, Argentina also is not loyal to the U.S. which is breaking away from the Monroe Doctrine. Chile once referred by Henry Kissinger as “dagger pointed at the heart of Antarctica.” Chile is a clear topographical identity. Chile is the only chance that stands a reasonable chance of joining the first world in the next decade. The only Latin American country with free trade agreements with the U.S., the EU, and China which as a result created more jobs and boosted trade to $6 billion. With their success Japan and Korea have also signed free trade agreements with Chile. Gives Bolivia access to its ports and in return Chile gets oil and gas.

11. Brazilian Presidential Election 2010 The Brazilian Presidential Election of 2010 was held with two rounds of balloting. The First Round was October 3 The Second Round was 31 The candidates were DilmaRousseff and Jose Serra. The winner of the election was DilmaRousseff.

12. Brazilian Presidential Election 2010 On the issue of Public Health Rousseff was focused more on the prevention of diseases. Serra’s main focus was to establish clinics to treat drug addicts. On Education Serra wanted to invest in the infrastructure in public schools and Rousseff wanted to eradicate illiteracy in schools. On Welfare Serra wanted to provide aid to those who take a vocational school training while Rousseff will depend on the Ministry of Social Development to be responsible for the issue. On employment Rousseff promised tax reform and proposed a creation of Green jobs through tax incentives. Serra wanted to expand technical schools to create more jobs and improve on infrastructure of public services. On Public Safety Serra proposed a creation for a Ministry of Public Safety. Rousseff proposed a creation for a Constitutional Fund for Public Safety.

13. Sources http://learn.palomar.edu/bbcswebdav/courses/2113-31296/2113-31296_ImportedContent_20110203011118/2113-31295_ImportedContent_20101108050256/Assignments/Assignment%20Descriptions/Assignment%207.%20%20Modern%20Latin%20America/Britain%20and%20Latin%20America/1.%20%20British%20Interests/brits1.htm http://learn.palomar.edu/bbcswebdav/courses/2113-31296/2113-31296_ImportedContent_20110203011118/2113-31295_ImportedContent_20101108050256/Assignments/Assignment%20Descriptions/Assignment%207.%20%20Modern%20Latin%20America/Britain%20and%20Latin%20America/2.%20%20British%20Interests/brits2.htm http://learn.palomar.edu/bbcswebdav/courses/2113-31296/2113-31296_ImportedContent_20110203011118/2113-31295_ImportedContent_20101108050256/Assignments/Assignment%20Descriptions/Assignment%207.%20%20Modern%20Latin%20America/Latin%20America%27s%20Wars%20of%20the%2019th%20Century/1.%20%20Latin%20America%27s%20Wars/1.%20Latin%20America%27s%20Wars/wars1.htm (Picture of Brazil) http://www.istanbul-city-guide.com/map/images/country/Brazil-map.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_presidential_election,_2010 Pictures http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mexico.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Venezuela_%28state%29.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dilma_Rousseff_-_foto_oficial_2011-01-09.jpg