SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Concepts, Operationalization and Measurement

•Download as PPT, PDF•
•
C
christineshearer
News & PoliticsTechnology
1 of 27
Quantitative Research: Concepts, Operationalization and Measurement Or Getting Down to the Nitty Gritty
Concepts to Variables to Indicators ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
Abstract concept Variables employed as measures of the concept Last row are questions that would be included in a survey questionnaire Dimensions of the Concept Conservatism Social Conservatism Support for Traditional Values (e.g. family,religious) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Economic Conservatism Opposed to Economic Redistribution Belief in Free Market ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
Operationalization – considerations when choosing measures/indicators ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
Levels of Measurement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
Validity and Reliability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
Validity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
Assessing validity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
Reliability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
Measurement Error ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
Avoiding Measurement Error ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
Indexes and Scales ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
Example: Index of political participation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5
Key Terms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],POLI 399/691 - Fall 2008 Topic 5

Recommended

Data analysis presentation by Jameel Ahmed Qureshi
Data analysis presentation by Jameel Ahmed QureshiData analysis presentation by Jameel Ahmed Qureshi
Data analysis presentation by Jameel Ahmed Qureshi
Jameel Ahmed Qureshi
 
Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research MethodsQualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research Methods
Antonio Dias de Figueiredo
 
Ethics in qualitative research
Ethics in qualitative researchEthics in qualitative research
Ethics in qualitative research
Irina Bobeică
 
Mixed method research
Mixed method researchMixed method research
Mixed method research
mathewrebecca
 
Sampling Methods in Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Sampling Methods in Qualitative and Quantitative ResearchSampling Methods in Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Sampling Methods in Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Sam Ladner
 
Qualitative Research
Qualitative ResearchQualitative Research
Qualitative Research
University of Maine
 
Measurement of variables IN RESEARCH
Measurement of variables IN RESEARCHMeasurement of variables IN RESEARCH
Measurement of variables IN RESEARCH
Vinold John
 
Reliability and validity
Reliability and validityReliability and validity
Reliability and validity
Kaimrc_Rss_Jd
 

Recommended

Data analysis presentation by Jameel Ahmed Qureshi
Data analysis presentation by Jameel Ahmed QureshiData analysis presentation by Jameel Ahmed Qureshi
Data analysis presentation by Jameel Ahmed Qureshi
Jameel Ahmed Qureshi
 
Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research MethodsQualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research Methods
Antonio Dias de Figueiredo
 
Ethics in qualitative research
Ethics in qualitative researchEthics in qualitative research
Ethics in qualitative research
Irina Bobeică
 
Mixed method research
Mixed method researchMixed method research
Mixed method research
mathewrebecca
 
Sampling Methods in Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Sampling Methods in Qualitative and Quantitative ResearchSampling Methods in Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Sampling Methods in Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Sam Ladner
 
Qualitative Research
Qualitative ResearchQualitative Research
Qualitative Research
University of Maine
 
Measurement of variables IN RESEARCH
Measurement of variables IN RESEARCHMeasurement of variables IN RESEARCH
Measurement of variables IN RESEARCH
Vinold John
 
Reliability and validity
Reliability and validityReliability and validity
Reliability and validity
Kaimrc_Rss_Jd
 
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysisQualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
Vijayalakshmi Murugesan
 
Mixed Method Research.pptx
Mixed Method Research.pptxMixed Method Research.pptx
Mixed Method Research.pptx
DevarajuBn
 
Non Probability Sampling
Non Probability SamplingNon Probability Sampling
Non Probability Sampling
Muhammad Farooq
 
Methods of Data Collection in Quantitative Research (Biostatistik)
Methods of Data Collection in Quantitative Research (Biostatistik)Methods of Data Collection in Quantitative Research (Biostatistik)
Methods of Data Collection in Quantitative Research (Biostatistik)
AKak Long
 
Quantitative reseach method
Quantitative reseach methodQuantitative reseach method
Quantitative reseach method
metalkid132
 
Population and Sampling.pptx
Population and Sampling.pptxPopulation and Sampling.pptx
Population and Sampling.pptx
Vijayalakshmi Murugesan
 
Data analysis
Data analysisData analysis
Data analysis
Mira K Desai
 
Methods of data collection
Methods of data collectionMethods of data collection
Methods of data collection
Jithin Thomas
 
Research question
Research questionResearch question
Research question
Tarek Tawfik Amin
 
Data Collection in Qualitative Research
Data Collection in Qualitative ResearchData Collection in Qualitative Research
Data Collection in Qualitative Research
Dr. Senthilvel Vasudevan
 
Mixed method research design
Mixed method research designMixed method research design
Mixed method research design
Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Khan
 
PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUESPROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Azam Ghaffar
 
Semi-structured interviews for educational research
Semi-structured interviews for educational research Semi-structured interviews for educational research
Semi-structured interviews for educational research
Tünde Varga-Atkins
 
Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research MethodsQualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research Methods
Jukka Peltokoski
 
Case Study Research
Case Study ResearchCase Study Research
Case Study Research
Marcelo Augusto A. Cosgayon
 
Operationalization of variables
Operationalization of variablesOperationalization of variables
Operationalization of variables
Mateen Altaf
 
Reliability
ReliabilityReliability
Reliability
gurpreet singh SIDHU
 
Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data
Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of DataData Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data
Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data
Roqui Malijan
 
Qualitative data analysis
Qualitative data analysisQualitative data analysis
Qualitative data analysis
jagannath Dange
 
Qualitative research
Qualitative researchQualitative research
Qualitative research
PUNJABI UNIVERSITY
 
Concepts%2 c+indicators+%2c+variables --6
Concepts%2 c+indicators+%2c+variables --6Concepts%2 c+indicators+%2c+variables --6
Concepts%2 c+indicators+%2c+variables --6
mohdmx123
 
Concept, construct and conceptual systems by Mjavad Sabet
Concept, construct and conceptual systems by Mjavad SabetConcept, construct and conceptual systems by Mjavad Sabet
Concept, construct and conceptual systems by Mjavad Sabet
University of Tehran
 

More Related Content

What's hot

Methods of Data Collection in Quantitative Research (Biostatistik)
Methods of Data Collection in Quantitative Research (Biostatistik)Methods of Data Collection in Quantitative Research (Biostatistik)
Methods of Data Collection in Quantitative Research (Biostatistik)
AKak Long
 
Quantitative reseach method
Quantitative reseach methodQuantitative reseach method
Quantitative reseach method
metalkid132
 
Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research MethodsQualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research Methods
Jukka Peltokoski
 
Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data
Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of DataData Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data
Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data
Roqui Malijan
 

What's hot (20)

Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysisQualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
Qualitative research, types, data collection and analysis
 
Mixed Method Research.pptx
Mixed Method Research.pptxMixed Method Research.pptx
Mixed Method Research.pptx
 
Non Probability Sampling
Non Probability SamplingNon Probability Sampling
Non Probability Sampling
 
Methods of Data Collection in Quantitative Research (Biostatistik)
Methods of Data Collection in Quantitative Research (Biostatistik)Methods of Data Collection in Quantitative Research (Biostatistik)
Methods of Data Collection in Quantitative Research (Biostatistik)
 
Quantitative reseach method
Quantitative reseach methodQuantitative reseach method
Quantitative reseach method
 
Population and Sampling.pptx
Population and Sampling.pptxPopulation and Sampling.pptx
Population and Sampling.pptx
 
Data analysis
Data analysisData analysis
Data analysis
 
Methods of data collection
Methods of data collectionMethods of data collection
Methods of data collection
 
Research question
Research questionResearch question
Research question
 
Data Collection in Qualitative Research
Data Collection in Qualitative ResearchData Collection in Qualitative Research
Data Collection in Qualitative Research
 
Mixed method research design
Mixed method research designMixed method research design
Mixed method research design
 
PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUESPROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
 
Semi-structured interviews for educational research
Semi-structured interviews for educational research Semi-structured interviews for educational research
Semi-structured interviews for educational research
 
Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research MethodsQualitative Research Methods
Qualitative Research Methods
 
Case Study Research
Case Study ResearchCase Study Research
Case Study Research
 
Operationalization of variables
Operationalization of variablesOperationalization of variables
Operationalization of variables
 
Reliability
ReliabilityReliability
Reliability
 
Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data
Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of DataData Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data
Data Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data
 
Qualitative data analysis
Qualitative data analysisQualitative data analysis
Qualitative data analysis
 
Qualitative research
Qualitative researchQualitative research
Qualitative research
 

Viewers also liked

Concepts%2 c+indicators+%2c+variables --6
Concepts%2 c+indicators+%2c+variables --6Concepts%2 c+indicators+%2c+variables --6
Concepts%2 c+indicators+%2c+variables --6
mohdmx123
 
03 - Measurement, Conceptualization, and Operationalization
03 - Measurement, Conceptualization, and Operationalization03 - Measurement, Conceptualization, and Operationalization
03 - Measurement, Conceptualization, and Operationalization
Steven Saus
 
Variables, theoretical framework and hypotheses
Variables, theoretical framework and hypothesesVariables, theoretical framework and hypotheses
Variables, theoretical framework and hypotheses
H9460730008
 

Viewers also liked (18)

Concepts%2 c+indicators+%2c+variables --6
Concepts%2 c+indicators+%2c+variables --6Concepts%2 c+indicators+%2c+variables --6
Concepts%2 c+indicators+%2c+variables --6
 
Concept, construct and conceptual systems by Mjavad Sabet
Concept, construct and conceptual systems by Mjavad SabetConcept, construct and conceptual systems by Mjavad Sabet
Concept, construct and conceptual systems by Mjavad Sabet
 
Chp9 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp9 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger BougieChp9 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp9 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
 
Chp12 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp12 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger BougieChp12 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp12 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
 
Chp7 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp7 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger BougieChp7 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp7 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
 
Chp11 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp11 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger BougieChp11 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp11 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
 
Chapter 1 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bo...
Chapter 1 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bo...Chapter 1 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bo...
Chapter 1 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bo...
 
Chp8 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp8 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger BougieChp8 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp8 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
 
Business research measurement and scaling
Business research measurement and scalingBusiness research measurement and scaling
Business research measurement and scaling
 
03 - Measurement, Conceptualization, and Operationalization
03 - Measurement, Conceptualization, and Operationalization03 - Measurement, Conceptualization, and Operationalization
03 - Measurement, Conceptualization, and Operationalization
 
Chp13 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp13 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger BougieChp13 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp13 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
 
6. operationalization of variables
6. operationalization of variables6. operationalization of variables
6. operationalization of variables
 
Chp6 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp6 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger BougieChp6 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp6 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
 
Conceptualizing in research : an overview
Conceptualizing in research : an overviewConceptualizing in research : an overview
Conceptualizing in research : an overview
 
Variables, theoretical framework and hypotheses
Variables, theoretical framework and hypothesesVariables, theoretical framework and hypotheses
Variables, theoretical framework and hypotheses
 
Concept, Construct and Variable
Concept, Construct and VariableConcept, Construct and Variable
Concept, Construct and Variable
 
Survey research
Survey researchSurvey research
Survey research
 
Chp5 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp5 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger BougieChp5 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
Chp5 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bougie
 

Similar to Concepts, Operationalization and Measurement

Types of research design experiments
Types of research design experimentsTypes of research design experiments
Types of research design experiments
rozy_kalsi
 
Stat11t Chapter1
Stat11t Chapter1Stat11t Chapter1
Stat11t Chapter1
gueste87a4f
 
Adler clark 4e ppt 06
Adler clark 4e ppt 06Adler clark 4e ppt 06
Adler clark 4e ppt 06
arpsychology
 
Notes for question please no plag use references to cite wk 2 .docx
Notes for question please no plag use references to cite wk 2 .docxNotes for question please no plag use references to cite wk 2 .docx
Notes for question please no plag use references to cite wk 2 .docx
cherishwinsland
 
Research methodologies
Research methodologiesResearch methodologies
Research methodologies
Imran Shahzad
 
Research Process and Methodology FA10 class 1v15
Research Process and Methodology FA10 class 1v15Research Process and Methodology FA10 class 1v15
Research Process and Methodology FA10 class 1v15
Jeffrey Keefer
 

Similar to Concepts, Operationalization and Measurement (20)

MELJUN CORTES research seminar_1_the_research_process_coming_to_terms
MELJUN CORTES research seminar_1_the_research_process_coming_to_termsMELJUN CORTES research seminar_1_the_research_process_coming_to_terms
MELJUN CORTES research seminar_1_the_research_process_coming_to_terms
 
You Want Me to Measure What?
You Want Me to Measure What?You Want Me to Measure What?
You Want Me to Measure What?
 
Types of research design experiments
Types of research design experimentsTypes of research design experiments
Types of research design experiments
 
Class Lecture 3 Thinking Like a Researcher.ppt
Class Lecture 3 Thinking Like a Researcher.pptClass Lecture 3 Thinking Like a Researcher.ppt
Class Lecture 3 Thinking Like a Researcher.ppt
 
Indexes scales and typologies
Indexes scales and typologiesIndexes scales and typologies
Indexes scales and typologies
 
Stat11t chapter1
Stat11t chapter1Stat11t chapter1
Stat11t chapter1
 
Stat11t Chapter1
Stat11t Chapter1Stat11t Chapter1
Stat11t Chapter1
 
Unpacking Nutrition Research and being an effective Science Communicator
Unpacking Nutrition Research and being an effective Science CommunicatorUnpacking Nutrition Research and being an effective Science Communicator
Unpacking Nutrition Research and being an effective Science Communicator
 
unit 2.4.ppt
unit 2.4.pptunit 2.4.ppt
unit 2.4.ppt
 
Chapter3-Methods_of_Research-Module.pdf
Chapter3-Methods_of_Research-Module.pdfChapter3-Methods_of_Research-Module.pdf
Chapter3-Methods_of_Research-Module.pdf
 
RACFIntroduction to Evaluation
RACFIntroduction to EvaluationRACFIntroduction to Evaluation
RACFIntroduction to Evaluation
 
Business Research
Business ResearchBusiness Research
Business Research
 
Adler clark 4e ppt 06
Adler clark 4e ppt 06Adler clark 4e ppt 06
Adler clark 4e ppt 06
 
Brm 2
Brm 2Brm 2
Brm 2
 
Important & Basic Marketing Principles
Important & Basic Marketing PrinciplesImportant & Basic Marketing Principles
Important & Basic Marketing Principles
 
Pp 6
Pp 6Pp 6
Pp 6
 
Notes for question please no plag use references to cite wk 2 .docx
Notes for question please no plag use references to cite wk 2 .docxNotes for question please no plag use references to cite wk 2 .docx
Notes for question please no plag use references to cite wk 2 .docx
 
The Art and Science of Survey Research
The Art and Science of Survey ResearchThe Art and Science of Survey Research
The Art and Science of Survey Research
 
Research methodologies
Research methodologiesResearch methodologies
Research methodologies
 
Research Process and Methodology FA10 class 1v15
Research Process and Methodology FA10 class 1v15Research Process and Methodology FA10 class 1v15
Research Process and Methodology FA10 class 1v15
 

More from christineshearer

Poli_399_Tutorial_Week_Three_-_Sept_29th_(2)
Poli_399_Tutorial_Week_Three_-_Sept_29th_(2)Poli_399_Tutorial_Week_Three_-_Sept_29th_(2)
Poli_399_Tutorial_Week_Three_-_Sept_29th_(2)
christineshearer
 

More from christineshearer (10)

08.10.08 POLI 383
08.10.08 POLI 38308.10.08 POLI 383
08.10.08 POLI 383
 
Univariate Analysis
Univariate AnalysisUnivariate Analysis
Univariate Analysis
 
POLI_399_tutorial_4
POLI_399_tutorial_4POLI_399_tutorial_4
POLI_399_tutorial_4
 
07.10.08 POLI 399
07.10.08 POLI 39907.10.08 POLI 399
07.10.08 POLI 399
 
01.10.08 POLI 383
01.10.08 POLI 38301.10.08 POLI 383
01.10.08 POLI 383
 
02.10.08 POLI 399
02.10.08 POLI 39902.10.08 POLI 399
02.10.08 POLI 399
 
03.10.08 POLI 383
03.10.08 POLI 38303.10.08 POLI 383
03.10.08 POLI 383
 
06.10.08 POLI 383
06.10.08 POLI 38306.10.08 POLI 383
06.10.08 POLI 383
 
Poli_399_Tutorial_Week_Three_-_Sept_29th_(2)
Poli_399_Tutorial_Week_Three_-_Sept_29th_(2)Poli_399_Tutorial_Week_Three_-_Sept_29th_(2)
Poli_399_Tutorial_Week_Three_-_Sept_29th_(2)
 
SOME RECOGNITION CASES
SOME RECOGNITION CASESSOME RECOGNITION CASES
SOME RECOGNITION CASES
 

Recently uploaded

America Is the Target; Israel Is the Front Line _ Andy Blumenthal _ The Blogs...
America Is the Target; Israel Is the Front Line _ Andy Blumenthal _ The Blogs...America Is the Target; Israel Is the Front Line _ Andy Blumenthal _ The Blogs...
America Is the Target; Israel Is the Front Line _ Andy Blumenthal _ The Blogs...
Andy (Avraham) Blumenthal
 
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Indirapuram Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Indirapuram Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceBDSM⚡Call Girls in Indirapuram Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Indirapuram Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
Delhi Call girls
 
Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 48 (Gurgaon)
Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 48 (Gurgaon)Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 48 (Gurgaon)
Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 48 (Gurgaon)
Delhi Call girls
 
Powerful Love Spells in Phoenix, AZ (310) 882-6330 Bring Back Lost Lover
Powerful Love Spells in Phoenix, AZ (310) 882-6330 Bring Back Lost LoverPowerful Love Spells in Phoenix, AZ (310) 882-6330 Bring Back Lost Lover
Powerful Love Spells in Phoenix, AZ (310) 882-6330 Bring Back Lost Lover
PsychicRuben LoveSpells
 
THE OBSTACLES THAT IMPEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAZIL IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA A...
THE OBSTACLES THAT IMPEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAZIL IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA A...THE OBSTACLES THAT IMPEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAZIL IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA A...
THE OBSTACLES THAT IMPEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAZIL IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA A...
Faga1939
 
Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 46 (Gurgaon)
Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 46 (Gurgaon)Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 46 (Gurgaon)
Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 46 (Gurgaon)
Delhi Call girls
 
Busty Desi⚡Call Girls in Vasundhara Ghaziabad >༒8448380779 Escort Service
Busty Desi⚡Call Girls in Vasundhara Ghaziabad >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceBusty Desi⚡Call Girls in Vasundhara Ghaziabad >༒8448380779 Escort Service
Busty Desi⚡Call Girls in Vasundhara Ghaziabad >༒8448380779 Escort Service
Delhi Call girls
 
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 143 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 143 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceBDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 143 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 143 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
Delhi Call girls
 

Recently uploaded (20)

America Is the Target; Israel Is the Front Line _ Andy Blumenthal _ The Blogs...
America Is the Target; Israel Is the Front Line _ Andy Blumenthal _ The Blogs...America Is the Target; Israel Is the Front Line _ Andy Blumenthal _ The Blogs...
America Is the Target; Israel Is the Front Line _ Andy Blumenthal _ The Blogs...
 
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Indirapuram Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Indirapuram Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceBDSM⚡Call Girls in Indirapuram Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Indirapuram Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
 
Embed-4.pdf lkdiinlajeklhndklheduhuekjdh
Embed-4.pdf lkdiinlajeklhndklheduhuekjdhEmbed-4.pdf lkdiinlajeklhndklheduhuekjdh
Embed-4.pdf lkdiinlajeklhndklheduhuekjdh
 
China's soft power in 21st century .pptx
China's soft power in 21st century .pptxChina's soft power in 21st century .pptx
China's soft power in 21st century .pptx
 
02052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
02052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf02052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
02052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
 
Transformative Leadership: N Chandrababu Naidu and TDP's Vision for Innovatio...
Transformative Leadership: N Chandrababu Naidu and TDP's Vision for Innovatio...Transformative Leadership: N Chandrababu Naidu and TDP's Vision for Innovatio...
Transformative Leadership: N Chandrababu Naidu and TDP's Vision for Innovatio...
 
04052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
04052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf04052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
04052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
 
Group_5_US-China Trade War to understand the trade
Group_5_US-China Trade War to understand the tradeGroup_5_US-China Trade War to understand the trade
Group_5_US-China Trade War to understand the trade
 
Verified Love Spells in Little Rock, AR (310) 882-6330 Get My Ex-Lover Back
Verified Love Spells in Little Rock, AR (310) 882-6330 Get My Ex-Lover BackVerified Love Spells in Little Rock, AR (310) 882-6330 Get My Ex-Lover Back
Verified Love Spells in Little Rock, AR (310) 882-6330 Get My Ex-Lover Back
 
06052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
06052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf06052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
06052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
 
Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 48 (Gurgaon)
Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 48 (Gurgaon)Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 48 (Gurgaon)
Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 48 (Gurgaon)
 
05052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
05052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf05052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
05052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
 
Powerful Love Spells in Phoenix, AZ (310) 882-6330 Bring Back Lost Lover
Powerful Love Spells in Phoenix, AZ (310) 882-6330 Bring Back Lost LoverPowerful Love Spells in Phoenix, AZ (310) 882-6330 Bring Back Lost Lover
Powerful Love Spells in Phoenix, AZ (310) 882-6330 Bring Back Lost Lover
 
Gujarat-SEBCs.pdf pfpkoopapriorjfperjreie
Gujarat-SEBCs.pdf pfpkoopapriorjfperjreieGujarat-SEBCs.pdf pfpkoopapriorjfperjreie
Gujarat-SEBCs.pdf pfpkoopapriorjfperjreie
 
Kishan Reddy Report To People (2019-24).pdf
Kishan Reddy Report To People (2019-24).pdfKishan Reddy Report To People (2019-24).pdf
Kishan Reddy Report To People (2019-24).pdf
 
THE OBSTACLES THAT IMPEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAZIL IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA A...
THE OBSTACLES THAT IMPEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAZIL IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA A...THE OBSTACLES THAT IMPEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAZIL IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA A...
THE OBSTACLES THAT IMPEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAZIL IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA A...
 
Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 46 (Gurgaon)
Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 46 (Gurgaon)Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 46 (Gurgaon)
Enjoy Night ≽ 8448380779 ≼ Call Girls In Gurgaon Sector 46 (Gurgaon)
 
AI as Research Assistant: Upscaling Content Analysis to Identify Patterns of ...
AI as Research Assistant: Upscaling Content Analysis to Identify Patterns of ...AI as Research Assistant: Upscaling Content Analysis to Identify Patterns of ...
AI as Research Assistant: Upscaling Content Analysis to Identify Patterns of ...
 
Busty Desi⚡Call Girls in Vasundhara Ghaziabad >༒8448380779 Escort Service
Busty Desi⚡Call Girls in Vasundhara Ghaziabad >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceBusty Desi⚡Call Girls in Vasundhara Ghaziabad >༒8448380779 Escort Service
Busty Desi⚡Call Girls in Vasundhara Ghaziabad >༒8448380779 Escort Service
 
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 143 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 143 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceBDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 143 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 143 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
 

Concepts, Operationalization and Measurement

  • 1. Quantitative Research: Concepts, Operationalization and Measurement Or Getting Down to the Nitty Gritty
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.