Latin America's Major Natural Vegetation Types
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This document describes the major types of natural vegetation found in Latin America, including equatorial forests, temperate forests, Mediterranean vegetation, savanna grasslands, pampas grasslands, and desert vegetation. Equatorial forests are found in the Amazon Basin and parts of northeastern Brazil and Colombia, featuring broad-leaved trees and species like rubber, mahogany, and brazil nuts. Temperate forests occupy warmer areas in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Chile and cooler mountainous regions, containing trees like beech and conifers. Mediterranean forests in central Chile have dry summers and wet winters and include laurels, acacias, shrubs, and cacti. Sav
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Latin America's Major Natural Vegetation Types
- 3. TYPES OF NATURAL VEGETATION Equatorial Forests Temperate Forests Mediterranean Vegetation Savanna Grasslands Pampas Desert Vegetation .
- 4. EQUATORIAL FOREST CHARACTERISTICS : The high temperature and heavy rainfall produce luxuriant vegetation generally composed of broad-leaved trees ,found in wet tropical uplands and lowlands around the Equator. WHERE IT IS FOUND: Found in the Amazon Basin and coastal lowlands of North- eastern Brazil, coastal Colombia and parts of adjoining Ecuador. CHIEF SPECIES: Rubber , mahogany , ebony , cieba and brazil nuts.
- 5. DID YOU KNOW ? WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE Equatorial forests are also called ‘ Selvas ’ . These forests are found near the Equator between 0° to 10° north and south . Amazon basin
- 6. TEMPERATE FORESTS CHARACTERISTICS : Vegetation type with a more or less continuous canopy with wide leaves, big and tall trees ,non seasonal vegetation . WHERE IT IS FOUND : Warm temperate forests are found in Brazilian Highlands , Paraguay, Uruguay ,Southern Brazil and cool temperate forest are found in upper slopes of Andes and S.W. Chile . CHIEF SPECIES : Beech , conifers ,Parana Pines , Quebracho – source of tanic acid , Yerba mate .
- 7. DID YOU KNOW ? WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE The temperate forest biome is found in regions where winters are cold and summers are warm. Regions with this climate are common in the mid- latitudes, far from both the equator and the poles. Temperate forests are almost always made of two types of trees, deciduous and evergreen.
- 8. MEDITERRANEAN FORESTS CHARACTERISTICS : Mediterranean forests are characterized by dry summers and rainy winters , generally composed of broadleaf trees . WHERE IT IS FOUND : Middle Chile CHIEF SPECIES : Evergreen laurels and acacias are found in wetter areas whereas thorny shrubs and cacti are found in drier north.
- 9. DID YOU KNOW ? WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE Mediterranean forest of central Chile Mediterranean eco-regions are semi-arid, and often have poor soils, so they are vulnerable to degradation by human activities such as logging, overgrazing, conversion to agriculture, urbanization, and introduction of exotic and invasive species . Fire, both natural and human- caused, has played a large role in shaping the ecology of Mediterranean eco regions .
- 10. SAVANNA GRASS LANDS CHARACTERISTICS : Widely spaced, scattered trees ,tall grass , characterized by the trees being sufficiently small or widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. WHERE IT IS FOUND : Found in Orinoco basin ,Paraguay , northern Argentina and Brazil . CHIEF SPECIES : Acacias ,tall coarse grass and patches of scrub are found in drier areas whereas shorter grass in wetter areas .
- 11. DID YOU KNOW ? Savanna in Cerrado ,Brazil WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE They are found in the lower latitudes. This particular biome falls in between a grassland and a forest region. There are actually two very different seasons in a savanna; a very long dry season (winter), and a very wet season (summer).
- 12. PAMPAS CHARACTERISTICS: Large treeless plains of South America with large grasslands areas. Also known as temperate grasslands . WHERE IT IS FOUND : Argentina provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe and Córdoba, most of Uruguay and the southern most Brazilian State . CHIEF SPECIES : Small plants such as grasses flourish, and trees are rare.
- 13. DID YOU KNOW ? WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE The Pampas are fertile South American lowlands which supports a thriving pastoral and farming economy . Frequent wild fires ensure that only small plants such as grasses flourish, and trees are rare .
- 14. DESERT VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS : Desert habitat area have adapted to its dry, hot extremes by using both physical and behavioral mechanisms . They often have few or no leaves WHERE IT IS FOUND : Found in arid areas of Atacama desert , Sertao arid region of N.E. Brazil and N.W. Mexico ( Sonora and Baja deserts ) CHIEF SPECIES : Lichens , acacia , scrub and Cacti are vegetational covers .
- 15. DID YOU KNOW ? WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE South America has two major deserts with very little precipitation. The largest desert is the Patagonian in Southern Argentina. The second one is Atacama Desert which is a long, narrow coastal desert in Chile.
- 16. MAP STUDY