1.
CALCAREA GROUP
P CHANIKYA

2.
INTRODUCTION
• Calcium is one of the very important earth alkalize placed in
IIA position in periodic table.

3.
• The name calcium was derived from the Latin word“calx”(lime).
• Davy was the first to prepare the metal by electrolytic method in 1808.
• The pure metal was obtained by Moissan in 1898 by reduction of calcium
iodide with metallic sodium.

4.
Nomenclature
• Symbol: Ca
• Group: II A
• Series: 4
• Atomic Weight: 40.07
• Atomic Number: 20
• Synonym: Quick lime

5.
PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM
• It is silvery white metal, which is malleable and hard.
• In moist air it is slowly tarnished but decomposes water fairly, rapidly giving
hydrogen.
• It burns in air forming oxides.
• It has grate affinity towards oxygen.

6.
USES OF CALCIUM
• Used as a drying agent in the preparation of alcohol.
• For absorbing air from castings.
• For removing last traces of air from noble gases and to obtain higher
vacuum.
• For removal of Sulphur from petroleum.
• For the preparation of beryllium, chromium, thorium by the reduction of
there oxides.
• For removal of last traces of dissolve oxygen, nitrogen and Sulphur from the
metals during there extraction.

7.
BIOCHEMICAL USES
• Ionized calcium in plasma has many vital functions including
formation of
1. Bones and teeth.
2. Coagulation of blood.
3. Contracted of muscles.
4. Cardiac action.
5. Milk production.

8.
6. Relay of electrical and chemical messages that arrive at cell’s surface
membrane.
7. Keeping membrane of cell intact.
8. In membrane of enzymes and hormones.
9. Transformation of light to electrical impulses in the
retina.

9.
DISTRIBUTION
Calcium is major element of body. It constitutes 1.5-2% of the body wt. Of an
adult human. An average adult body contain about 1200 gm of calcium of
which 98% is found in bones.
• The amount of calcium in blood is 10 mg/dl.
• Serum-9-11mg/100 ml
• Muscle-70gm/100g
• Nerves-15mg/100gm
• C.S.F- 5MG/100ML
• Plasma- 1) Ionized calcium – 6mg/100ml 2) Protein bound – 5mg/100ml
3) Complex form – 2mg/100ml

10.
SOURCES OF CALCIUM
Calcium occurs in nature only in combined state as
• Carbonate i.e. as CaCo3 in limestone, ice land spar,marble and chalk, as
CaCo3.MgCo3 in dolomite.
• Sulphate e.g. gypsum, CaSo4.
• Fluoride Ca3 (po4) 3F.
• Phosphate Ca3 (PO4) 2
• Silicate CaSiO3
• Chloride Ca5 (Po4) 3Cl.

11.
Plant source:
1. Ragi is the richest source of Ca.
2. Legumes and pulses.
3. Nuts and oilseeds.
4. Cereals and millets.
5. Green leafy vegetables e.g.
Spinach, amaranth.
6. Some fruits, e.g., sitaphal
contains good amount of
calcium.
Animal sources:
1. Milk and milk products: cheese,
chocolates milk, icecream, curds
and cream.
2. Eggs-egg yolks.
3. Fish- Hilda, shellfish, oysters.
DAILY REQUIREMENT
Infant: 360to540mgm.
Children: 800mgm.
Adult: 1200mgm.
The developing fetus requires about 30g of Ca.

12.
THEME OF CALCAREA GROUP
• The main feeling of calcarea is the calcarea is the need for stability and security.
• Calcium offers protection not only to humans in the form of bone but also in
earlier forms of life in the form of shell.
• Calcium is like a young child who releases the instability in the outer world so feels
the need for the security of a home.
• Calcium and magnesium have emotional insecurity at their core, but cause of
insecurity is different.
• The Calcium emotional insecurity is because of over protected background, the
Child feels insecure to take a risk, unable to take his own decisions.

13.
PATHO-PHYSIOLOGY
Calcium must be maintained in normal proportion with different ions in the
plasma like Na: K: Ca: Mg, which are in the ratio
of 100:1.7:1.1:0.5.
Free calcium ions are very important in regulation of neuro- muscular
irritability and hormonal control. It regulates Acetylcholine.
Calcium action is parasympathetic more than sympathetic.
Calcium and phosphate ions precipitate and insoluble substance that favours
calcification of cartilage into bone formation.

14.
Calcium ions stimulate parietal cells of stomach, which secret HCL.
Therefore though calcium being an alkaline earth metal, it is not used as an antacid in
treatment of peptic ulcer.Calcium activates number of enzymes including pancreatic
lipase, adenosine triphosphatase and myosin kinase.
Blood:
Calcium stimulates activation of clotting factors in the blood.It increases motility and
phagocytic activity of granulocytes. It stimulates lymph gland and thymus gland.
Heart:
Calcium increases contractility of cardiac muscle during systolic phase.

15.
Uterus:
• Calcium increases the activity of gravid uterus whereas it decreases the activity of non-
gravid uterus.
• During premenstrual phase calcium is moralized from the tissue depot and plasma Ca++
level rises relatively, causes vagus stimulation; result in increased secretion of gastric juice.
• This causes vagus neurosis (asthma and urticaria) before and during menses.
• Calcium ions get mobilized from calcium depots during acidic condition; which leads to
osteoporosis.
• Calcium lowers cellular metabolism. It decreases cell permeability by thickening cell
membrane. It reduces the haemorrhagictendency by thickening and contraction of blood
vessels. It reduces response to reflexes. It depresses thyroid hormone action.

16.
IMPORTANT REMEDIES
1. Calcarea Arsenicum
2. Calcarea Bromatums
3. Calcarea Bromide
4. Calcarea Carbonicum
5. Calcarea Causticum
6. Calcarea Fluoricum
7. Calcarea Iodatum
8. Calcarea Iodide
9. Calcarea Muriatricum
10. Calcarea Phosphoricum
11. Calcarea Sulphuricum
12. Hepar Sulphuricum.

17.
COMMON CHARACTERISTIC
FEATURES
Sphere of Action:
Muscles, tendons, ligaments, ducts, tubes, bones, blood and blood vessels, nerve cells
and its axons, pleura, peritoneum and synovial membrane, connective tissue, endocrine
glands, etc.
Ailments from:
Fright, grief, disappointed love, malnutrition, imperfect ossification, suppression of
eruption, wear and tear, over lifting or straining, fracture, exposer to cold moist wind,
work, in water, delayed labor, artificial milk and snake poison.

18.
Constitution
It has hydrogenoid constitution.
Person is bulky, fleshy and flabby but without fitness.
There is no oedema or retention of water underneath the skin.
Skin is fair, waxy and shiny.
Fatness without fitness, sweat without heat, bones without stength.
Everything is slow, sluggish and late at both mental and physical level. In
children all milestones are delayed.

19.
• Calc ars: suited to lymphatic, scrofulous and tuberculous person. Fat women approaching
climaxis. Fat person (mentally depressed and anxious)
• Calc brom: Suited to children who are of lax fiber, lymphatic, nervous and irritable. Fair
haired and fat children.
• Calc carb: Leucophlegmatic constitution. Large head and large features with pale skin and
chalky look and in infants – open frontenelles. Scrofulous constitution- enlarged and hard
lymphatic glands. Tendency to obesity in youth.
• Calc flour: Scrofulous- indurated glands of stony hardness
• (Calc phos—is an exception to the common fatty, flabby constitution of calcarea which is
scrofulous emaciated children who are slow in learning to walk, with sunken flabby
abdomen)

20.
TEMPERAMENT :
Leucophlegmatic.

21.
MIASM
• Miasm—psora and syphilitic are predominant.
• Posra — Calc carb, Calc acet, Calc flour, Calc pho and Calc sul
• Syphilitic—Calc flour, Calc iod
• Sycotic – Calc carb.

22.
Thermal Relation
Chilly Lack of vital heat and chilliness, yet craves cold food.
It has profuse cold perspiration, and coldness of body general and
lock.

23.
Common Characteristic Mental Symptoms
Depression is the main feature of the calciums. Children areI have impetuous
and obstinate.
Inability and aversion to work is a characteristic feature, loss of self-confidence,
mental fatigue. Sensitive to harsh talks.
Confused state of mind with no solid decisions. Passive people with no
humanity in them, ever for sufferings of other.
He is intelligent but lack of implementation due to slow and sluggishness at
physical level leads to poor performance that does not fulfill his desire.

24.
Obstinate, He is obstinate both mentally and physically. He has strong desire
for company. - Dullness of mind. He is slowing sluggish, imbecile and indolent.
Calcarea persons are people who don’t go out much;don’t want any adventure
in life. Rather they choose forthemselves friends and partners who are
protective and on whom they can depend.

25.
1. Calc ars: Mentally depressed and anxious
2. Calc brom: Nervous and irritable
3. Calc carb: Melancholic sad. Disposition to weep even about trifles
4. Calc flour: Depressed, anxious and indecisive
5. (Anxiety of calcarea usually about the future or about the health)
6. Indolent sluggish behavior. (Always desire to lie down)

26.
Common Characteristic Physical
Symptoms
Obesity, Calcarea have tendency for obesity. They are usually fat and flabby
with laxed musculature.
Sluggishness, Calcarea are slow and sluggish in their work.Great inertia.
Patient has Aversion to physical work.
Food desire:
Indigested things like chalk, charcoal, pencil, slate, mud etc.;
Lemonade. Egg, potato, sweet, and salt .
Food aversion:Tobacco, coffee, milk and meat Milk aggravates.

27.
Desires
Alcoholicdrinks
Calc carb, Calc ars, Calc iod, Calc sul
Calc carb: Desires for beer, brandy, whisky and wine
Ailments fromalcoholicdrinks
Calc ars: Complaints of drunkards after abstaining. Craving for alcohol
Cold drinks
Calc carb, Calc ars, Calc sul
Cold foodaggravates her complaints:
Calc carb, Calc flour, Calc phos, Calc sil
Salt
Calc carb, Calc flour, Calc sul
Sweets
Calc carb, Calc flour, Calc mur, Calc sul and Calc phos

28.
Aversion
Meat
Calc carb, Calc flour, Calc sulp, Calc sil
Milk
Calc carb, Calc sulp, Calc sil
Milk aggravation:
Calc carb, Calc sulp, Calc sil
Calc group has a general aggravation from milk and aversion to
milk

29.
Dropsy – both external and internal
• External: Calc carb, Calc ars, Calc pho, Calc sil, Calc sulp and Hepar sulph.
• Internal: Calc carb, Calc ars, Calc sil, Calc sulp and Hepar sulph.
• Cardiac and renal dropsy: Calc phos
• Hepatic dropsy: Calc carb

30.
Emaciation and Marasmus
• Emaciation: Calc carb, Calc ars, Calc flour, Calc hp, Calc iod, Calc pho, Calc
sil, Calc mur and Calc ox.
• Ravenous appetite with emaciation: Calc carb and Calc flour.
• Emaciation of the affected parts: Calc carb
• Marasmus of the children: Calc carb, Calc phos, Calc sil.

31.
Perspiration cold and profuse
•Profuse: Calc carb, Calc ars, Calc iod, Calc
sul and Calc sil.
•Cold: Calc carb, Calc iod, Calc phos, Calc sul
Calc sil and Hepar sulph.

32.
COMMON GENERAL MODALITIES
Aggravation:
• Cold in general-draft of cold air, cold food and
• cold drinks, change of weather, uncovering
Amelioration:
• Heat in general, rest, slow movement, lying on
• abdomen.

33.
• Aggravation from mental and physical exertion – Calc carb, Calc ars, Calc caust,
Calc fl, Calc iod, Calc pho, Calc sil.
• Aggravation from physical exertion – Calc carb, Calc ars, Calc fl, Calc iod, Calc
pho, Calc sil, Calc sulph.
• Lying down amelioration — Calc carb, Calc iod, Calc pho, Calc sul.
• Aggravation from motion — Calc carb, Calc ars, Calc pho, Calc sul and Calc sil.
• Aversion to motion — Calc carb, Calc sul.

34.
• Aggravation on ascending
Calc carb, Calc ars, Calc pho, Calc sil and Hepar sulp
• Aggravation after bathing
Calc carb, Calc sulph, Calc sil and Hepar sulp
• Almost all calcarea medicines are anaemic
Calc carb, Calc ars, Calc lac, Calc iod, Calc pho, Calc sil, Calc met and
Hepar sulp.

35.
Aggravation at night Aggravation evening
• Calc carb Calc carb
• Calc iod Calc iod
• Calc phos Calc pho
• Calc sil Calc sul
• Calc ars Calc sil
• Hepar sul Calc ars
• Calc sul
General aggravation at night and evening

36.
CLINICAL CONDITIONS
Obesity, Oedema, Malnutrition, Imperfect ossification,
Fractures, Osteoporosis, Anxiety, Seizures, Bronco-spasm,
Anorexia, Nausea,Vomiting, Constipation, Depression,
Renal stone, Gallbladder and Salivary stone, Delayed labor,

37.
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