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CCNA2 Verson6 Chapter2
1.
© 2008 Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1 Instructor Materials Chapter 2: Static Routing CCNA Routing and Switching Introduction to Networks v6.0
2.
© 2008 Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 15 Chapter 2: Static Routing Routing and Switching Essentials v6.0
3.
Presentation_ID 16© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Chapter 2 - Sections & Objectives 2.1 Static Routing Implementation • Explain the advantages and disadvantages of static routing. • Explain the purpose of different types of static routes. 2.2 Configure Static and Default Routes • Configure IPv4 and IPv6 static routes by specifying a next-hop address. • Configure IPv4 and IPv6 default routes. • Configure a floating static route to provide a backup connection. • Configure IPv4 and IPv6 static host routes that direct traffic to a specific host 2.3 Troubleshoot Static and Default Route Issues • Explain how a router processes packets when a static route is configured. • Troubleshoot common static and default route configuration issues.
4.
© 2008 Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 17 2.1 Static Routing Implementation
5.
Presentation_ID 18© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Static Routing Reach Remote Networks A router can learn about remote networks in one of two ways: • Manually - Remote networks are manually entered into the route table using static routes. • Dynamically - Remote routes are automatically learned using a dynamic routing protocol.
6.
Presentation_ID 19© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Static Routing Why Use Static Routing? Static routing provides some advantages over dynamic routing, including: Static routes are not advertised over the network, resulting in better security. Static routes use less bandwidth than dynamic routing protocols, no CPU cycles are used to calculate and communicate routes. The path a static route uses to send data is known.
7.
Presentation_ID 20© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Static Routing When to Use Static Routes Static routing has three primary uses: Providing ease of routing table maintenance in smaller networks. Routing to and from stub networks. A stub network is a network accessed by a single route, and the router has no other neighbors. Using a single default route to represent a path to any network that does not have a more specific match with another route in the routing table.
8.
Presentation_ID 21© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Types of Static Routes Static Route Applications Static Routes are often used to: Connect to a specific network. Provide a Gateway of Last Resort for a stub network. Reduce the number of routes advertised by summarizing several contiguous networks as one static route. Create a backup route in case a primary route link fails.
9.
Presentation_ID 22© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Types of Static Routes Standard Static Route
10.
Presentation_ID 23© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Types of Static Routes Default Static Route A default static route is a route that matches all packets. A default route identifies the gateway IP address to which the router sends all IP packets that it does not have a learned or static route. A default static route is simply a static route with 0.0.0.0/0 as the destination IPv4 address.
11.
Presentation_ID 24© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Types of Static Routes Summary Static Route
12.
Presentation_ID 25© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Types of Static Routes Floating Static Route
13.
© 2008 Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 26 6.2 Configure Static and Default Routes
14.
Presentation_ID 27© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv4 Static Routes ip route Command
15.
Presentation_ID 28© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv4 Static Routes Next-Hop Options The next hop can be identified by an IP address, exit interface, or both. How the destination is specified creates one of the three following route types: Next-hop route - Only the next-hop IP address is specified. Directly connected static route - Only the router exit interface is specified. Fully specified static route - The next-hop IP address and exit interface are specified.
16.
Presentation_ID 29© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv4 Static Routes Configure a Next-Hop Static Route
17.
Presentation_ID 30© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv4 Static Routes Configure Directly Connected Static Route
18.
Presentation_ID 31© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv4 Static Routes Configure a Fully Specified Static Route
19.
Presentation_ID 32© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv4 Static Routes Verify a Static Route
20.
Presentation_ID 33© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv4 Static Routes Default Static Route
21.
Presentation_ID 34© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv4 Static Routes Configure a Default Static Route
22.
Presentation_ID 35© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv4 Static Routes Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route
23.
Presentation_ID 36© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv6 Static Routes The ipv6 route Command Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route
24.
Presentation_ID 37© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv6 Static Routes Next-Hop Options Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route Next-hop static IPv6 route - Only the next-hop IPv6 address is specified Directly connected static IPv6 route - Only the router exit interface is specified Fully specified static IPv6 route - The next-hop IPv6 address and exit interface are specified
25.
Presentation_ID 38© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv6 Static Routes Configure a Next-Hop Static IPv6 Route Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route
26.
Presentation_ID 39© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv6 Static Routes Directly Connected Static IPv6 Route Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route
27.
Presentation_ID 40© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv6 Static Routes Fully Specified Static IPv6 Route Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route
28.
Presentation_ID 41© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv6 Static Routes Verify IPv6 Static Routes Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route In addition to ping and traceroute, commands to verify static routes include: show ipv6 route show ipv6 route static show ipv6 route network
29.
Presentation_ID 42© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv6 Default Routes Default Static IPv6 Route Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route
30.
Presentation_ID 43© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv6 Default Routes Configure a Default Static IPv6 Route Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route
31.
Presentation_ID 44© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv6 Default Routes Verify a Default IPv6 Static Route Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route
32.
Presentation_ID 45© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv6 Default Routes Floating Static Routes Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route Floating static routes have an administrative distance greater than the administrative distance of another static route or dynamic routes. The static route “floats” and is not used when the route with the better administrative distance is active. If the preferred route is lost the floating static route can take over.
33.
Presentation_ID 46© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv6 Default Routes Configure an IPv4 Floating Static Route Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route
34.
Presentation_ID 47© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure IPv6 Default Routes Test the IPv4 Floating Static Route Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route To test a floating static route: Use the show ip route command to verify that the routing table is using the default static route. Use the traceroute command to follow the traffic flow out the primary route. Disconnect the link or shutdown the primary interface(s). In the curriculum example the serial interfaces on R2 are shutdown. Use a show ip route command to verify that the routing table is using the floating static route. Use a traceroute command to follow the traffic flow out the backup route.
35.
Presentation_ID 48© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure Static Host Routes Automatically Installed Host Routes Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route A host route is an IPv4 address with a 32-bit mask or an IPv6 address with a 128-bit mask. Automatically installed when an IP address is configured on the router. The local routes are marked with “L” in the output of the routing table.
36.
Presentation_ID 49© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure Static Host Routes Configure IPv4 and IPv6 Static Host Routes Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route
37.
Presentation_ID 50© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure Static Host Routes Configure IPv4 and IPv6 Static Host Routes Verify a Default Static Route Verify a Default Static Route
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© 2008 Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 51 6.2 Troubleshoot Static and Default Route Issues
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Presentation_ID 52© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Packet Processing with Static Routes Static Routes and Packet Forwarding Verify a Default Static Route
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Presentation_ID 53© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Troubleshoot IPv4 Static and Default Route Configuration Troubleshoot a Missing Route Verify a Default Static Route IOS troubleshooting commands include: ping Extended ping enables you to specify the source IP address for the ping packets. traceroute show ip route show ip interface brief show cdp neighbors detail
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Presentation_ID 54© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Packet Processing with Static Routes Solve a Connectivity Problem Verify a Default Static Route Finding a missing (or misconfigured) route requires using the right tools in a methodical manner. Use the ping command to confirm the destination can’t be reached. A traceroute would also reveal the closest router (or hop) that fails to respond as expected. In this case, the router would then send an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) destination unreachable message back to the source. The next step is to investigate the routing table using the show ip route command. Look for missing or misconfigured routes. Incorrect static routes are a common cause of routing problems.
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© 2008 Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 55 2.4 Chapter Summary
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Presentation_ID 56© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential • Explain the advantages and disadvantages of static routing. • Explain the purpose of different types of static routes. • Configure IPv4 and IPv6 static routes by specifying a next-hop address. • Configure IPv4 and IPv6 default routes. • Configure a floating static route to provide a backup connection. • Configure IPv4 and IPv6 static host routes that direct traffic to a specific host. • Explain how a router processes packets when a static route is configured. • Troubleshoot common static and default route configuration issues. Chapter Summary Summary
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Presentation_ID 60© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
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Presentation_ID 61© 2008
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
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