Phase differences between the portion of a wave reflected at the upper surface of a thin film and the portion of the wave reflected at the lower surface of the thin film (when the wave is incident on the film from above,) are attributable to _____________. a.   to differences in the distances traveled by the two waves. b.   to phase changes occurring with certain reflections. c.   to phase changes occurring in the wave transmitted through the lower surface. d.   to all of the above. e.   only to (a) and (b) above. Solution They are attributable to both differences in the distance travelled by the two waves and to phase changes occurring with certain reflections. .