Drivers like population growth, urbanization, and technology are changing cities and challenging transportation systems. Cities are aging with leaky water infrastructure losing up to 20% of supply, and energy blackouts affecting millions. Increased costs inhibit infrastructure upgrades. The document argues that instrumenting, interconnecting, and analyzing city systems through smart technologies can help optimize resources and infrastructure to build more sustainable cities. It provides examples of smart water management reducing leaks and energy usage, and an Olympic Peninsula project lowering customer bills and peak loads through renewable energy optimization.