xii business studies

2. PACKAGING
• Package is the wrapper or container in which a
product is enclosed or sealed.
• Packaging is the process of putting the goods in
the package for the purpose of easy marketing.
• Packaging is necessary to reduce spoilage,
breakage and leakage of the product in times of
storage and transportation.

3. PACKAGING
“ Packaging includes the activities of designing and
producing the container for a product’ -Philip Kotler.
• Packaging is helpful in demand creation. Packaging
facilitates identity or individuality of the product.
• A good package is an advertisement by itself. Many
marketers call packaging as a fifth P in marketing mix.

4. DATA STORAGE AND
TRANSMISSION RISKS
• VIRUS-Vital Information Under Siege
• Level -1virus annoyance on-screen
display
• Level 2 virus - disruption of
functioning
• Level 3 virus - damage to target data
files
• Level 4 virus – complete destruction
of the system

5. LEVELS OF PACKAGING

6. LEVELS OF PACKAGING
Secondary
package
Transportation
packaging
Primary
packaging

7. LEVELS OF PACKAGING
• 1. Primary Packaging: It refers to the
product’s immediate container.
• (eg: Plastic packet for chips ,shirts etc).
• Sometimes , it is kept throughout the
entire life of the product. Eg: Horlicks
Bottle,
toothpaste tube, match Box. etc.

8. Secondary package
• It is the additional layers of protection
given to the product’s immediate
container.
• Eg: tube of tooth paste covered in a
cardboard box.

9. TRANSPORTATION PACKAGE

10. TRANSPORTATION PACKAGE
• It refers to further packaging of products
necessary for storage or transportation.
• Eg: A pen manufacturer may send pens
to retailers in containing 10 or 50 pens in
one case and again 50 cases in one box .

11. IMPORTANCE OF PACKAGING
1. Rising standard of health and
sanitation: Due to high standards of
living, consumers have mostly started
buying packed goods because of
minimum chances of adulteration.

12. 2. Self service Outlets
Self service outlets are now very
much popular in cities and towns. So the
traditional role assigned to personal selling
is now replaced by packaging.

13. 3. Innovational opportunity:
• Because of some recent developments in area of
packaging the scope for making of goods have
increased.
• Foreg: Milk can be stored for 1- 3 days without
refrigeration in the recently developed
packaging materials.

14. 4.Product differentiation
The colour, size, material etc. of
package makes real difference in the
perception of customers about the quality
of the product.

15. FUNCTIONS OF PACKAGING
1. Product identification
2. Product protection
3. Product attractiveness
4. Product differentiation
5. Convenience
6. Preventing adulteration

16. FUNCTIONS OF PACKAGING
1. Product identification:
Packages helps the consumers to identify
the products easily.
Eg; Colgate in red colour , can easily
identify by its package

17. FUNCTIONS OF PACKAGING
2. Product protection:
Packages protect the product from
breakage, leakage, Contamination, temperature,
evaporation, pilferage etc. It is the basic function
of packaging.

18. FUNCTIONS OF PACKAGING
3. Product attractiveness:
Beautiful packages attract the
consumers. It is used as a promotional
tool.

19. FUNCTIONS OF PACKAGING
4. Product differentiation: Packaging helps to
differentiate the product from competitive
products
5. Convenience: Packages provide convenience in
handling, moving and storing the products.
6. Preventing adulteration: packaging helps to
prevent adulteration of goods.