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Multiple Choice:.doc
1.
CHAPTER 15:
IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REAL? Multiple Choice: 1. “Artificial intelligence is the study of ideas which enable computers to do the things that make people seem intelligent.” This commonly used definition of AI is a quote by: A. Alan Turing. B. Patrick Henry Winston. C. Phil Knight. D. Bill Gates. Answer: B Reference: What Is Artificial Intelligence? Difficulty: Moderate 2. The “imitation game” was developed by ____________ to demonstrate a computer’s intelligence. A. Alan Turing B. Patrick Henry Winston C. the U.S. Dept. of Defense D. Bill Gates Answer: A Reference: Can Machines Think? Difficulty: Moderate 3. The simulation approach in regard to AI includes all of the following problems EXCEPT: A. people don’t always know how they do things. B. the brain can perform parallel processing, which is difficult for computers. C. machines operate differently than the brain. D. we know how the brain functions and can simulate that in a computer. Answer: D Reference: What Is Artificial Intelligence? Difficulty: Moderate Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 1
2.
Chapter 15: Is
Artificial Intelligence Real? 4. One of the first popular domains for AI research was: A. the checkerboard. B. solitaire. C. chess. D. parallel processing. Answer: A Reference: Opening Games Difficulty: Moderate 5. Traditional AI techniques still used today include all of the following EXCEPT: A. searching. B. heuristics. C. pattern recognition. D. parallel processing. Answer: D Reference: Opening Games Difficulty: Challenging 6. Machine learning involves: A. learning from a successful move. B. copying the knowledge of a human to a computer. C. loading numerous games and playing them regularly. D. making numerous mistakes so the computer can learn. Answer: A Reference: Opening Games Difficulty: Moderate 7. A primary outcome of the automatic language translation program was the realization that: A. humans are faster and more accurate. B. computers are faster and more accurate. C. computers make fewer errors than humans. D. computers can accurately translate 99% of the text. Answer: A Reference: Machine Translation Traps Difficulty: Easy Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 2
3.
Chapter 15: Is
Artificial Intelligence Real? 8. AltaVista’s Babel Fish Web site is a(n): A. language translation program. B. wealth of information about species of fish. C. AI search engine. D. AI organizational page of information. Answer: A Reference: Machine Translation Traps Difficulty: Moderate 9. A typical problem of natural-language communication is: A. tone inflection. B. the limited vocabulary of natural language. C. the use of accents. D. the enormous vocabulary of natural language. Answer: D Reference: Nonsense and Common Sense Difficulty: Moderate 10. Syntax, a problem with natural-language communication, is: A. the tone inflection of human language. B. the natural accent of the human voice. C. a set of rules for common expressions. D. a set of rules for constructing sentences from words. Answer: D Reference: Nonsense and Common Sense Difficulty: Moderate 11. Semantics, a problem with natural-language communication, refers to: A. the underlying meaning of words and phrases. B. a set of rules for constructing sentences from words. C. the natural accent of the human voice. D. the tone inflection of human language. Answer: A Reference: Nonsense and Common Sense Difficulty: Moderate 12. The most successful natural-language applications: Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 3
4.
Chapter 15: Is
Artificial Intelligence Real? A. keep the scope of their work very wide and nebulous. B. limit the scope of their field. C. keep the rules very flexible and variable. D. discard common sense as unimportant. Answer: B Reference: Nonsense and Common Sense Difficulty: Easy 13. When it comes to the areas of data and knowledge, computers are much better at handling: A. knowledge first, then processing the data. B. knowledge than data. C. data than knowledge. D. only knowledge. Answer: C Reference: Knowledge Bases and Expert Systems Difficulty: Easy 14. A typical database contains: A. rules, facts, and relationships. B. only rules and relationships. C. simulation of human thinking. D. only facts. Answer: D Reference: Knowledge Bases Difficulty: Moderate 15. When a computer can correctly recognize faces of users with a high degree of reliability, it is using: A. fuzzy logic. B. pattern recognition. C. image analysis. D. OCR. Answer: C Reference: Image Analysis Difficulty: Easy 16. A knowledge base contains: A. rules, facts, and relationships. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 4
5.
Chapter 15: Is
Artificial Intelligence Real? B. only rules and relationships. C. simulation of human thinking. D. only facts. Answer: A Reference: Knowledge Bases Difficulty: Moderate 17. A software program designed to replicate the decision-making process of a human expert is a(n): A. data system. B. database. C. expert system. D. semantic system. Answer: C Reference: Artificial Experts Difficulty: Moderate 18. Using the knowledge of an expert in a particular field in order to duplicate it into a program is the creation of a(n): A. expert system. B. database. C. fuzzy logic system. D. pattern recognition system. Answer: A Reference: Artificial Experts Difficulty: Easy 19. When a conclusion is stated as a probability rather than an exact fact, it is known as: A. an expert system. B. a database. C. fuzzy logic. D. a pattern recognition system. Answer: C Reference: Artificial Experts Difficulty: Moderate 20. XCON, a system at American Express, and a system at Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Virginia are all examples of: A. expert systems. B. databases. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 5
6.
Chapter 15: Is
Artificial Intelligence Real? C. fuzzy logic. D. pattern recognition systems. Answer: A Reference: Expert Systems in Action Difficulty: Moderate 21. Expert systems primarily started in the: A. insurance field. B. medical field. C. aviation field. D. library reference field. Answer: B Reference: Expert Systems in Action Difficulty: Easy 22. The field of AI that covers fingerprint identification, handwriting recognition, and weather forecasting is: A. pattern recognition. B. image analysis. C. parsing programs. D. fuzzy logic. Answer: A Reference: Pattern Recognition: Making Sense of the World Difficulty: Moderate 23. The task of identifying recurring patterns in input data with the eventual understanding or categorizing of that input is known as: A. fuzzy logic. B. automatic translation. C. a parsing program. D. pattern recognition. Answer: D Reference: Pattern Recognition: Making Sense of the World Difficulty: Moderate 24. What aspect of artificial intelligence represents half of the industry? A. Fuzzy logic B. Automatic translation C. Parsing programs Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 6
7.
Chapter 15: Is
Artificial Intelligence Real? D. Pattern recognition Answer: D Reference: Pattern Recognition: Making Sense of the World Difficulty: Moderate 25. _____________ is the process of identifying objects and shapes in a photograph, drawing, video, or other visual image. A. Pattern recognition B. Image analysis C. OCR D. Fuzzy logic Answer: B Reference: Image Analysis Difficulty: Easy 26. The U.S. Postal Service sorts much of its mail using: A. OCR. B. fuzzy logic. C. image analysis. D. pattern recognition. Answer: A Reference: Optical Character Recognition Difficulty: Moderate 27. OCR stands for: A. original character representation. B. optical character recognition. C. optical computer reply. D. original character recognition. Answer: B Reference: Optical Character Recognition Difficulty: Easy 28. More advanced speech recognition programs that have the ability to recognize speech without being trained by a speaker are known as: A. OCR. B. speaker independent. C. digitized speech. D. synthetic speech systems. Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 7
8.
Chapter 15: Is
Artificial Intelligence Real? Answer: B Reference: Automatic Speech Recognition Difficulty: Moderate 29. When a computer’s speech sounds like the speech of a human, it is using: A. OCR. B. synthetic speech. C. speech synthesis. D. prerecorded commentary. Answer: C Reference: Talking Computers Difficulty: Moderate 30. The primary successes of intelligent applications tend to have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: A. logical rules. B. unstructured logic. C. sequential thinking. D. orderly relationships. Answer: B Reference: Neural Networks Difficulty: Moderate 31. A network of a few thousand simple processors is called a _________ network. A. neural B. cerebral C. rational D. robot Answer: A Reference: Neural Networks Difficulty: Moderate 32. An example of a ____________ network is American Express reading and analyzing millions of charge slips each day or recognizing patterns in huge quantities of data, such as the stock market. A. neural B. cerebral C. rational D. robot Answer: A Reference: Neural Networks Difficulty: Moderate Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 8
9.
Chapter 15: Is
Artificial Intelligence Real? 33. A computer-controlled machine designed to perform specific manual tasks is known as a(n): A. speech synthesizer. B. AI. C. robot. D. OCR. Answer: C Reference: What Is a Robot? Difficulty: Easy 34. Robots are quite effective in all of the following EXCEPT: A. cleaning up hazardous waste. B. doing repetitive jobs. C. working 24/7. D. doing work that requires fine-motor skills. Answer: D Reference: Steel-Collar Workers Difficulty: Moderate Fill in the Blank: 35. AI stands for ____________. Answer: artificial intelligence Reference: Alan Turing, Military Intelligence, and Intelligent Machines Difficulty: Easy 36. ____________ is the process of breaking complex jobs into manageable pieces and completing these tasks simultaneously. Answer: Parallel processing Reference: What Is Artificial Intelligence? Difficulty: Moderate Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 9
10.
Chapter 15: Is
Artificial Intelligence Real? 37. A(n) ____________ is a rule of thumb. Answer: heuristic Reference: Opening Games Difficulty: Challenging 38. One AI technique that is still used today is ____________, the process of looking at possibilities and choosing one that is most probable for success. Answer: searching Reference: Opening Games Difficulty: Moderate 39. The ____________ technique rapidly repeats a simple operation until an answer is found. Answer: brute-force Reference: Opening Games Difficulty: Challenging 40. Every natural language has a(n) ____________, a set of rules for constructing sentences from words. Answer: syntax Reference: Nonsense and Common Sense Difficulty: Moderate 41. The most successful natural-language applications limit their ____________, or affected area, so that rules can be clean and unambiguous. Answer: domain Reference: Nonsense and Common Sense Difficulty: Easy 42. ____________ allows a computer to output words in English or another language. Answer: Speech synthesis Reference: Talking Computers Difficulty: Moderate 43. Between humans and computers, ____________ are better at comprehending and identifying relationships among facts. Answer: humans Reference: Knowledge Bases and Expert Systems Difficulty: Moderate 44. A database contains only facts, while a(n) ____________ also contains a system of rules for determining and changing the relationship among those facts. Answer: knowledge base Reference: Knowledge Bases and Expert Systems Difficulty: Challenging 45. A(n) ____________ is a software program designed to replicate the decision-making process of a human expert. Answer: expert system Reference: Artificial Experts Difficulty: Moderate 46. Since most human decision making involves ambiguity, ____________ allows for conclusions that are based on probabilities rather than certainties. Answer: fuzzy logic Reference: Artificial Experts Difficulty: Moderate 47. An expert system is based on the knowledge of a(n) ____________. Answer: expert Reference: Artificial Experts Difficulty: Moderate Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 10
11.
Chapter 15: Is
Artificial Intelligence Real? 48. Because of the orderly and well-documented information of the industry, the ____________ field was the area used for some of the first successful expert systems. Answer: medical Reference: Artificial Experts Difficulty: Moderate 49. The process of ____________ is used for recognizing and recoloring classic motion pictures or piloting cruise missiles. Answer: image analysis Reference: Image Analysis Difficulty: Challenging 50. ____________ text is more difficult than printed text for a computer to recognize accurately. Answer: Handwritten Reference: Optical Character Recognition Difficulty: Easy 51. ____________ voice recognition systems have the ability to recognize speech without being trained by an individual speaker. Answer: Speaker independent Reference: Automatic Speech Recognition Difficulty: Moderate 52. Most modern robots include ____________ that accept new input and enable robots to correct or modify their actions based on feedback from the outside world. Answer: sensors Reference: What Is a Robot? Difficulty: Challenging 53. ____________ is the playing of prerecorded speech stored on a computer. Answer: Digitized speech Reference: Talking Computers Difficulty: Moderate 54. With ____________ software or hardware, PCs can recite typed text, but with artificial and robotic voices. Answer: speech synthesis Reference: Talking Computers Difficulty: Moderate 55. A(n) ____________ uses a network of a few thousand simple processors that work simultaneously. Answer: neural network Reference: Neural Networks Difficulty: Challenging 56. A(n) ____________ is a computer-controlled machine designed to perform specific manual tasks. Answer: robot Reference: What Is a Robot? Difficulty: Moderate 57. ____________ is the application of AI concepts to networks, rather than only to individual computers. Answer: Distributed intelligence Reference: AI Implications and Ethical Questions Difficulty: Moderate 58. In the workplace, ____________ primarily take over tasks that are boring, dirty, or dangerous and which humans often do not want, cannot do, or get very tired of doing. Answer: robots Reference: What Is a Robot? Difficulty: Moderate Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 11
12.
Chapter 15: Is
Artificial Intelligence Real? Matching: 59. Match the following terms to their meanings: I. Turing test A. software designed to replicate the knowledge of a human “expert” II. Expert system B. set of rules for constructing sentences from words III. Automatic translation C. the “real” meaning of words and phrases IV. Checkers and chess D. if it acts intelligent, it is intelligent V. Syntax E. contains facts and relationships VI. Semantics F. the first area of AI research VII. Domain G. Spanish “hola” for English “hello” VIII. ELIZA H. contains only facts IX. Database I. one of the first software programs to converse in natural language X. Knowledge base J. the “world” that the application deals with Answers: D, A, G, F, B, C, J, I, H, E Reference: Multiple locations Difficulty: Challenging Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 12
13.
Chapter 15: Is
Artificial Intelligence Real? 60. Match the following AI techniques to their specific examples: I. Searching A. in a game of checkers, keep checkers in the king’s row as long as possible II. Heuristics B. a chess move is successful, the computer will probably opt to use it more often in the future and vice versa III. Pattern recognition C. there are five possible chess moves in this situation, if I choose this…then this happens; if I choose this other option… then this other thing happens; etc. IV. Machine learning D. if the knight chess piece is in this square and the Queen is to the right with the opponent’s King straight in front, then the proper move is… Answers: C, A, D, B Reference: Opening Games Difficulty: Moderate Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 13
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