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<ul><li>Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood </li></ul>Chapter 13 Danielle Miller

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What is Middle Adulthood? <ul><ul><li>Middle Adulthood- The developmental period beginning at aprox. 40 to 65 years of age. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>declining physical skills </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>expanded responsibilty </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>consciousness of young-old </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>awareness of time left in life </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Reaching and maintaining satisfaction in career </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>need to pass along a legacy </li></ul></ul>

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Physical Changes <ul><ul><li>Apperance is the most visible sign of middle adulthood </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Skin wrinkles/sag </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Aging spots appear(hand,face) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Hair becomes thinner and gray </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Finger and toe nails become thicker and more brittle </li></ul></ul><ul><li>With emphasises being on beauty and youthfulness in American culture, alot of people try to maintain themselves in many ways: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>cosmetic surgery </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>hair dyes </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>wigs and weaves </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>exercise regiemns </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>heavy doses of vitamins/supplements </li></ul></ul>

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Physical Changes con't <ul><li>Height and Weight </li></ul><ul><li>Men : </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Men lose about 1/2 inch in height(30-50) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Men lose another 3/4 inch in height(50-70) </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Women: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Women can lose up to 2 inch over a 50 year span(25-75) </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Decrease in height is due to bone loss in the vertebrae </li></ul><ul><li>Both man and women gain weight, on average body fat accounts for more than 20 percent of body weight in middle adulthood. </li></ul>

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More Physical Changes <ul><ul><li>loss of strenght and bone density </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>loss of flexibility in joints </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>vision and hearing </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Cardiovascular system (<BP,<cholesterol) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>sleep changes(awake more, loss of deepest sleep) </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Health and Disease </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Disease and health concerns become more prevelant in middle adulthood </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Stress is an increasing factor in disease </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Leading causes of death in middle adulthood (1) heart disease,(2) cancer,(3) cerebrovascular disease </li></ul><ul><li>Men have a higher rate of mortality than women for each of the above </li></ul>

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Sexuality <ul><ul><li>Middle life transition when fertility declines a.k.a. Climacteric </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Women- </li></ul><ul><ul><li>menopause-the complete cessation of menstruation </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>average age for women's last period is 51 </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>symtoms:hot flashes, nausea, fatigue,and rapid heartbeat </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Treatments: Hormone replacement therapies </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Men- </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Testosterone levels and sexual activity decline </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>ability to father children is not lost </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>erectile dysfunction becomes common </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>treatments: prescription drugs ie. viagra </li></ul></ul>

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Cognitive Development <ul><li>Concepts of Intelligence </li></ul><ul><li>Crystallized-accumulated information and verbal skills which increase in middle age(Horn) </li></ul><ul><li>Fluid-the ability to reason abstractly, which steadily declines from middle adulthood onward(Horn) </li></ul><ul><li>Schaie(Seattle Study) </li></ul><ul><li>The highest level of functioning of intellectual abilities in middleadulthood:vocabulary, verbal memory, inductive reasoning and spatial orientation </li></ul>

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Cognitive Development con't <ul><li>Processing information declines as well as the working memory </li></ul><ul><li>Use it or lose it </li></ul>

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Careers, Work and Leisure <ul><ul><li>The role of work is central </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Middle aged adults reach their peak in position and earnings </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>More financial responsibilties </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>various career paths </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Challenges/Changes </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Some experience midlife career changes due to company downsizing, rapid change in technology, concerns about pension and retirement, etc.. </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Leisure is defined as the pleasant times after work when individuals are free to pursue personal activites and interest. </li></ul><ul><li>Leisure is important for adults in he middle ages. </li></ul>

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Religion and Life Meaning <ul><li>Religion is important to Lives all across the world </li></ul>

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Religion and Life Meaning <ul><li>Females tend to show a stronger interest in religion than males </li></ul><ul><li>Religion can play an important role in offering comfort and support when individuals are faced with stressful events </li></ul><ul><li>Frankl's book , Mans's Search For Meaning , </li></ul><ul><ul><li>belief in examining the finiteness of our exsistence and the certainity of death adds meaning to life </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Human qualities are spirituality, freedom and responsibility </li></ul><ul><li>For many people , midlife is a time of evaluation, assessment and reflection. </li></ul>

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Thankyou & The End