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BLOWING AWAY YOUR BUGS
Brian Gongol
DJ Gongol & Associates, Inc.
April 12, 2016
Iowa AWWA Short Course
Ankeny, Iowa
Aeration
Part 1: Purposes
Biological treatment
Temperature mixing
Seasonal inversion
Odor control
Mixing effects
Solids settling
Ice prevention
Part 2: History
Early human history: Stale or stagnant water
Biological treatment emerged in late 1800s
1882: Original study of aerating sewage
Trickling filters, septic tanks prevalent
1893: First studies suggesting activated sludge
1914: Activated sludge first defined
1913-1915: First patents granted (US and UK)
1915-1916: First full-scale US activated sludge plants
1920s: The rise of lawsuits
1936-1943: Tapered, step, and modified aeration
1972: Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
1977: Clean Water Act
Part 3: Mechanical aeration
Cascades (waterfalls)
Trickling filter
Fountain aerator
Splasher - high-speed
Splasher - low-speed
RBC
Solar-powered mixers
Part 4: Forced air - coarse bubbles
Perforated hose and static tube
Wideband
Duckbill check valve diffusers
Coarse discs
Coarse bubble caps
Jet
Part 5: Forced air fine bubbles
Ceramic discs
Membrane discs
Membrane tubes
Floating aspiration
Submerged aspiration
Unconventional membranes
Micro and nano-bubbles
Part 6: Oxygen transfer
Pure oxygen versus air
OTE
Bubble size
Distance traveled
Part 7: Accessories and considerations
Grit and solids settling
Baffles to extend treatment
Solids uptake into wideband diffusers
Cleaning
Fouling
Creep
Heat
Minerals
Materials of construction
Non-sticking surfaces
Power failure
Integral check valves
Part 8: Locations
Pump station wetwells
Storage/equalization basins
Pretreatment
Biological treatment
Clarification/dissolved-air floatation
Polishing
Aerobic sludge digestion
To recap
 Aeration serves a variety of purposes
 The obvious ones have been known for quite some time
 The biological treatment uses are only about a century old
 Mechanical aeration faces serious limitations
 Coarse bubbles can get some work done
 Broad agreement surrounds the advantages of small bubbles
Questions?
 Thank you for coming!
Thank you for your attention!
 Contact us anytime with
questions
 Brian Gongol
 DJ Gongol & Associates
 515-223-4144
 info@djgongol.com
References
 Valuable historical details obtained from "Reflections on
Seven Decades of AS History" by James E. Alleman and TBS
Prakasam, Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation
(1985)
 Supplemental historical details from "History of Activated
Sludge", Conference of the International Water Association
(2014)
 Some illustrations courtesy of the respective manufacturers
(RWL Water and SSI Aeration)
 All other photos are original work by and copyright reserved
to Brian Gongol

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Aeration 101