Or: Why you don't want self-driving cars to be autonomous vehicles

1. Björn Brembs
Universität Regensburg
http://brembs.net
@brembs

2. from αὐτός (autós, “self”) + νόμος (nómos, “law”)

4. Source: Ken Catania

6. Artist: Dave McKean

8. I. Steymans

9. Sensory Input

10. Motor Output
Sensory Input

11. Under carefully controlled experimental
circumstances, an animal will behave as it
damn well pleases.

13. Behavioral variability in a constant stimulus
situation:

14. Decisions or just noise in complex
stimulus-response systems?

15. Maye et al. (2007) PLoS One
nonlinearity
correlation
Nonlinear (choice)
Linear/stochastic (noise)

16. Maye et al. (2007) PLoS One
  .1,1 11 nisss o
i
o
i
o
i
o
i  

18. all successful practical uses of
probabilities originate in quantum
fluctuations
Andreas Albrecht and Daniel Phillips (2012): Origin of probabilities and their application to the multiverse. arXiv:1212.0953 [gr-qc]

19. Source: This is Spinal Tap

20. Ongoing activity modulated by stimuli

22. Torque
HeatColors
operant
classical
self
world

23. > 530 Mya
CREB
CRE
Long-
term
memory
cAMP
PKA
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nt
DNA
rutabaga
Modified from: "Comparative psychology: Evolution and development of
behavior" (2nd Edition, Psychology Press, 2008)

24. Brembs & Plendl (2008)
Torque
HeatColors
Torque
Heat
rut-AC dependent
Synaptic Plasticity
Protein
Kinase C
world
self
rut2080 wtb
rut2080 wtb
HS noHS
PKCi PKCi
HS noHS
PKCi PKCi

27. Torque
HeatColors
Torque
Heat
world
self
self
WT FoxP RNAi ctrl.

28. > 530 Mya
Aplysia
(Mollusks)
Drosophila
(Arthropods)
Humans/mice/birds
(Chordates)
???
cAMP
PKA
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nt
DNA
Type II cyclase
PKC
FoxP

29. Brembs (2009) Curr Biol
Colomb & Brembs (2010) Commun Integr Biol
Brembs (2010) Proc Roy Soc
Brembs (2011) Behav Proc

31. Cornelia Bargmann 302 neurons, connectome
Gordus et al. 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.018

32. Gordus et al. 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.018

38. Ongoing activity modulated by stimuli

39. Marcus Raichle fMRI

40. The limiting factor in the
evolution of brain size was
energy supply
40

41. 41
The additional energy burden associated
with […] the environment may be as little as
.5-1.0% of the total energy budget.
Marcus Raichle (2006): Science 314, p1249

42. Ongoing activity modulated by stimuli

45. Why have more than one learning
system?

47. Brembs & Heisenberg (2000) L & M

48. activepassive
Brembs & Heisenberg (2000)
Composite
‘operant’
‘classical’

49. Training Test
composite:
turning + color
turning

50. Training Test
composite:
turning + color
turning
WT WT 16min MB
Impaired OK OK
Self-Learning Test

51. Training Test
composite:
turning + color
turning
color
WT WT 16min MB
Impaired OK OK
Self-Learning Test
WT WT 16min MB
OK Impaired Impaired
World-Learning Test

52. Training Test
composite:
turning + color
turning
color
WT 8min WT 16min MB
Impaired OK OK
Self-Learning Test
WT 8min WT 16min MB
OK Impaired Impaired
World-Learning Test
habit formation

53. Training Test
composite:
turning + color
turning
color
WT 8min WT 16min FoxP 16min
Impaired OK Impaired
Self-Learning Test
WT 8min WT 16min MB
OK Impaired Impaired
World-Learning Test

54. Training Test
composite:
turning + color
turning
color
WT 8min WT 16min MB 8min
Impaired OK OK
Self-Learning Test
WT 8min WT 16min MB 8min
OK Impaired Impaired
World-Learning Test
Brembs, 2009
MB247 or 17D
driving TNT

55. Ongoing activity modulated by stimuli

56. Phototaxis: Gáspár Jékely
Polychaete: Platynereis dumerilii
Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology

57. Light Pressure Gravity
benthic
pelagic
Temperature
Salinity
Chemicals

59. G Jékely et al. Nature 456, 395-399 (2008) doi:10.1038/nature07590

60. G Jékely et al. Nature 456, 395-399 (2008) doi:10.1038/nature07590

61. FVRIamide acTub

65. Jonathan Wolpaw

66. Wolpaw TINS (1997) + later data

67. Wolpaw et al, 1984&94; Carp et al, 2006; Wolf et al, 1995