The Fit for Passkeys for Employee and Consumer Sign-ins: FIDO Paris Seminar.pptx
Developing innovative technologies for shale gas exploration and production
1. Sviluppo di specifiche tecnologie
innovative nel campo della
esplorazione e produzione
Fabio Brambilla
Sr. Geoscientist
Baker Hughes, Continental Europe
2. TOPICS
•Reserves vs Resources
•The shale gas unconventional reservoir and its
exploitation
•Understand shale gas reservoir
– Collect data
– Analyze data
•Put shale gas reservoir in production
– Well design
– Drill the well
– Completion
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3. 3
Reserves vs Resources
I D E N T I F I E D
U N D I S C O V E R E D
Economic
Sub
economic
Petrophy.
Well Eng.
Gas market
Geological
Geophysical
Knowledge
5. The Shale Gas Reservoir
• Unconventional natural gas reservoir composed of fine-grained
sedimentary rocks, dominated by shale containing clay and other
minerals like quartz, calcite
• No trap - gas sourced and remains in same rock
• Total Organic Carbon (TOC) , Thermal Maturity, Mineralogy,
and Natural Fractures are Key
- Micro-Porosity & micro/nanoDarcy-Permeability, secondary permeability
•
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6. The Shale Gas Reservoir
• Unconventional natural gas reservoir composed of fine-grained
sedimentary rocks, dominated by shale containing clay and other
minerals like quartz, calcite
• No trap - gas sourced and remains in same rock
• Total Organic Carbon (TOC) , Thermal Maturity, Mineralogy,
and Natural Fractures are Key
- Micro-Porosity & micro/nanoDarcy-Permeability, secondary permeability
• Gas stored in three ways:
1. Free Gas
a. In rock matrix microporosity
b. In natural fractures
2. Sorbed Gas
a. Adsorbed on organic and mineral surfaces w/in nat Fractures
b. Absorbed on organic and mineral surfaces w/in matrix
3. Dissolved - In HC liquids present (bitumen)
Total Gas (GIP) = Free + Sorbed + Dissolved
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7. Developing Shale Gas
•Two Key Elements of economic shale gas development:
1. Horizontal Wells
2. Multi-Stage Fracturing Shales must be fracture stimulated to produce commercially
(These two keys maximize reservoir volume connected to the well)
• All Shale Gas Reservoirs are not the same
• Vertical wells to define play, collect reservoir data
• Analyze data and design and plan development
• Horizontal wells to develop
– Laterals 3,000 - 6,000 ft (900 - 1800 m)
– Well spacing avg. 80 acres (0.323 Km2)
• Effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing determines:
- Production rates
- Drainage area
- Recovery
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8. •Collect reservoir data
– Logging while drilling
(LWD)
– Wireline logging (WL)
– Coring
• necessary for
– Identify formations to
drill horizontal
– Identify optimal fracture
intervals
– Identify potential
barriers for fracture
containment
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BHI Shale Gas Reservoir Evaluation Suite
9. BHI Shale Gas Evaluation Suite – An Integrated
Petrophysical approach to characterize highly
complex shale gas reservoirs
Geochemistry
Mineralogy
Total Organic Content
Lithofacies classification
Total Porosity
Siliceous Brittleness Index
FLeX / RockView
Spectralog
Mineralogy
Structural
Sedimentary analyses
Stress regime
STAR / EI /
CBIL/StarTrak/
Image logs
Porosity
Permeability
Fluid typing
Total Organic Content
Resistivity / Density / Neutron
Fracture
characterization
Illustration: Marcellus shale outcrop - Pennsylvania
Core analyses
PowerCOR
MaxCOR
Rotary core
XMAC-F1
Acoustic
FracExplorer
Microseismic
MReX
NMR
Dynamic & Static
Geomechanical
Properties
Pressure Gradient
Seismic studies
Basic data
Monitor fracturing
10. Integrated Approach to Optimizing Shale Gas Recovery
• Model Simulation Data
– Image logs
– Acoustic and Geochemical logs
– Seismic data
– Advanced Microseismic data
– Production Data
•Stimulation design and
production prediction
– 3D Geomechanics
– Geochemistry
– Seismology
– Natural Fractures
3D Geomechanics
Stimulating
Natural Fractures
Microseismic
Stimulation Program
Image Data
RockView
11. The mineralogy varies in shale gas reservoirs
BarnettHaynesvilleMontney MarcellusEagle Ford
19. Proppants
• Proper placement creates a
conductive pathway from the
reservoir to the wellbore
• Proppant is the only material
intended to remain in the
reservoir after a hydraulic
fracturing treatment completion
and cleanup
20. Innovative solutions to minimize or not use
water in frac jobs
•FOAMED AQUASTAR® SYSTEM (US6410489)
– Two surfactant system
•VAPORFRAC® SYSTEM
•POLY CO2 FRAC SYSTEM
– 25 % gelled fluid 40% Methanol
•Aqueous Methanol Based Systems
•Hydrocarbon Based Systems
– SUPER RHEOGEL® FRAC SYSTEM - Gelled Oil
•Non-Aqueous Methanol Based Systems
– METHOFRAC® SYSTEMS
•CO2 Based Systems, Liquid CO2 / N2 Super CO2 Foam