Biology 101 lab final project

1. Factors Effecting Lung Capacity

3. The Lungs
• Lungs are present in all human bodies so that we can breathe.
• Lungs make up a large part of our respiratory system.
• They are located in our chest within the rib cage and connect to the
trachea.
• The diaphragm is located directly behind the lungs. The diaphragm is a
muscle that allows us to breathe in and out.
• We breathe in oxygen and release carbon dioxide through the lungs.
-This exchange occurs at the alveolar membrane, between the alveoli and
capillaries in the lungs. The alveoli are tiny sacs at the furthest ends of the
branching airways of the lungs.
-As the lungs exhale, carbon dioxide exits the alveoli and leaves oxygen-
enriched blood that travels to the heart, which pumps through the body
• All cells need oxygen to function properly, and our lungs give the cells the
oxygen they need in order to do so.

4. The Lungs

6. Lung Capacity
•Lung capacity is the greatest amount of oxygen a persons lungs
can hold within them.
•The average total lung capacity of an adult human male is
about6 liters of air, but only a small amount of this capacity is
used during normal breathing.
•An average human breathes some 12-20 times per minute.
•The amount of air that you move in and out of your lungs while
breathing normally is called TIDAL VOLUME. This amount of air
provides enough oxygen for a person who is resting.
•It is possible to inhale and exhale more forcefully - the
maximum amount of air moved in and out of the lungs is called
the VITAL CAPACITY.

7. What Led us to our Hypothesis?
• You know from experience that your lungs can respond to the body's changing
needs for oxygen.
-When you exercise vigorously, you breathe deeper and faster to keep yourself
going
• First, we formulated a hypothesis that athletes will have a greater lung capacity
than non-athletes. BECAUSE:
-Pulmonary ventilation is linked with the intake of oxygen at different levels of
exercise.
-Lung function limitations have a relationship with lifestyles, people who exercise
vs. people who do not.
-Due to regular exercise, athletes tend to have an increase in pulmonary capacity
when compared to non-exercising individuals, especially when the exercise is
strenuous.
• WHICH LEADS US TO OUR FIRST HYPOTHESIS: Athletes would have a higher lung
capacity than non-athletes.
• After this, we looked at the collected data and noticed that we had many different
heights and weights among the people that we tested.
• -WHICH LEADS US TO OUR SECOND HYPOTHESIS: The greater an individual’s weight
and height, the higher the individuals lung capacity.

8. •First we obtained a spirometer and filled the base up with water to the fill
line.
•Then, we placed a paperclip on the chain where the numbers above read
0.00.
•After that, we put a cardboard cover over the end of the spirometer’s
extended tube for each separate tested individual.
•We gathered people from around campus, both athletic and non-athletic, to
volunteer to be tested in the experiment.
•Before we performed the experiment, we recorded if the person was
athletic or non-athletic, their height, and their weight.
•We measured the lung capacity by a person taking a very deep breath and
blowing the collected air into the end of the tube extending from the
spirometer.
•Directly after, we recorded the measurement and repeated this two more
times and recorded the highest number received out of the three tries for
each individual.
•Then, we calculated the average lung capacity of the athletes separate from
the non-athletes and compared them.

12. •Our first hypothesis was that athletes will have a higher lung capacity than non-
athletes. Our first hypothesis was false. After further review, we tested the hypothesis
that the greater an individual’s height and weight, then the higher the lung capacity.
• In this experiment we have concluded that athleticism does not matter as much as
the factors of height and weight in measuring Lung capacity.
•The bigger the person is, the larger the lung capacity will be.
- The data that we took from individuals gave us a wide range of sizes to consider,
and it matched our second hypothesis of lung capacity being dependant on
height and weight.
•This hypothesis seems logical enough.
- If oxygen has to flow though a human’s entire body for our cells to function
efficiently, then the larger individual would have a lot more space and therefore
needing more oxygen than a smaller person does.
-So, lung capacity must be greater in a larger individual than a smaller individual
to hold and transport more oxygen than is needed in a smaller one.
•Although, there are a few factors that could be looked at as well.
-Smoking could be a negative factor that affects lung capacity.
- Also, maybe the gender of someone could be an aspect to look at as well.
In addition, people with asthma may have a weaker lung capacity than someone
without asthma.