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hepatic vein system
portal vein system
branch of the hepatic artery
branch of the portal vein
Connection of the portal and
the hepatic vein system
sinusoid
(collecting vein)
Portion of a hepatic lobule
(schematic drawing)
portal triad
„Alternative” units
Portal lobule:
Supplied by one portal triad
in the center
Triangular, with central
veins at the angels
Acinus:
Supplied by perilobular
branches
Rhomboid
Oxygen content of the
blood decreases from the
periphery to the central
vein: central region is more
suspect of ischemic injury
(centrolobular necrosis)
The portal canal
consists of
• branches of the portal vein
• branches of the hepatic artery
• bile ducts
• lymph vessels
• small nerves
• loose connective tissue (in
which the above structures are
embedded)
portal vein bile duct hepatic
artery
connective tissue
Interlobular vein
Interlobular artery
Interlobular duct
glycogen
space
Kupffer
cell
rER
collagen fibrils
Schematic drawing of a hepatic cell and its environment
cell
Portion of a hepatic lobule with higher magnification
central vein
portal space
Central vein
Portal space
Central vein
Portal space
(portal canal)
Hepatic lobules in the human liver
(arrows: central veins, low magnification)
Portion of a hepatic lobule with higher magnification
central vein
portal space
Central vein
Portal space
Central vein
Portal space
(portal canal)
Lymphatic Tissue
Fungiform papilla
Filiform papillae
vallate papilla Foliate papillae
Histology of the teeth
dentin
enamel
gingival sulcus
odontoblast layer
pulp chamber
periodontal membrane
(periodontium)
alveolar bone
root canal
cementum
apical foramen
Anatomical
parts:
Crown, neck, root,
pulp chamber and
root canal
Histological
components:
•Dentin,
•Enamel,
•Cementum
Granular layer of Tomes
dental lamina
dental papilla
(mesenchyme)
epithelium of the primitive oral
cavity (ectodermal)
stellate reticulum
outer enamel epithelium
inner enamel epithelium
dental lamina for permanent tooth
enamel
organ
enamel organ
(early bell stage)
dental sac
odontoblasts in
dental papilla
predentin
dentin
enamel rods
ameloblasts
(inner enamel
epithelium)
dentin
Enamel organ,
late bell stage
rests of dental lamina
GI
Esophagus
Esophago-gstric junction
STOMACH
• Surface epith.- columnar, secret mucous.
• Mucous neck cells - in isthmus, secret
mucous.
• Parietal cells - Hcl & IF
• Chief cells - base of the gland,
secret pepsinogen (proenzyme).
• Enteroendocrine cells - gastrin.
• Meissner’s plexus- submucosa
• myenteric plexus- muscularis
externa
Small intestine
Crypts, villi
‫שבניהם‬ ‫ומה‬
..
Alcian blue- H - picrosiriusred
Duodenum:
• Goblet cells- blue
• Brunner glands- pink
Large intestine
• No plicae folds!
• No Villi!
• No paneth cells
• Many goblet cells
• Solitary lymphoid follicles
• Crypts are deeper, more
numerous & closely packed
Appendix
Asthma bronchiale
Bronchiole
cuboidal epithelium
Muscular layer !
Elastic fibers !
NO CARTILAGE !
NO GLAND !
Smooth muscle layer
Simple cuboidal
Epithelium: simple cuboidal (with Clara cells - surfactant)
wall is studded with a few alveoli
Respiratory bronchiole
Alveolar duct and its endpieces the alveolar sacs : most peripheral
respiratory passages, the wall consists of alveoli only
(4-5 sacs open into one duct)
Type I. pneumocyte – gas exchange
-(95% of the surface is covered by these
cells)
-develops from type II. pneumocyte
Type II. pneumocyte – secretion of surfactant
Alveolus epithel
Leydig cells
Rete testis in mediastinum
Network of tubules in dense connective tissue lined by cuboidal epithelia.
Liver
Stom.
C.
Liver
Stom.
C.
Lesom
Grom
Trmes-col
Mgastdors
Corlig
H-renlig
Trmes-col
Lesom
Corlig
H-renlig
Mgastdors
Development of Bursa
Omentalis
Liver
Stom.
C.
Liver
Stom.
C.
Grom
Trmes-col
Lesom
Corlig
H-renlig
Trmes-col
Lesom
Corlig
H-renlig
Grom
G-collig
G-collig
Development of Bursa
Omentalis
Éiver
Stom.
C.
Grom
Trmes-col
Lesom
Corlig
H-renlig
G-collig
Surgical Approach of
Omental Bursa
Lesser omentum
Gastrocolic
ligament
Transverse
mesocolon
Falciform lig.
Lesser
omentum
Gastro-splenic lig.
Phrenico-splenic lig.
L
L
S
S
A
Transverse section through the embryo cranial to the
septum transversum
arrow in the pericardio-
peritoneal canal
Illustration was prepared by Katalin Fink and Ágnes Nemeskéri
-pleuropericardial canal
narrows –
obliterates
Transverse section through the embryo cranial to
the septum transversum
pleuropericardial septum common cardinal vein
phrenic nerve
lung
primary pleural cavity
Illustration was prepared by Katalin Fink and Ágnes Nemeskéri
4th week
Nasal placod
(Pax-6)
-processus maxillaris
two maxillary
prominences
-processus mandibularis
(two mandibular prominence)
-stomodeum
(primitive oral
cavity)
-processus frontalis (frontonasal prominence)
Face
The basic morphology of the face is
established between the 4th and 10th
weeks by the development and fusion of
five prominences (processes)
5-6th week
Nasal pit
Nasal or olfactory placodes invaginates to
form the nasal pit, dividing the frontonasal
prominence into the lateral and medial
nasal process. (Nasal placodes give rise to the
olfactoty epithelium)
maxillary prominences
-proliferate and move toward the midline
Cranial neural crest cell
migration in the mammalian
head (mesenchymal cells)
Brachial pouches: outpocketings of pharynx endoderm
Cranial Neural Crest
Coelom
Intraembryonal
Dorsal aorta
Mesonephros
Gut tube
Visceral
Ventral
Gut tube
Genital crest
Neural tube
Notochord
Dorsal aorta
Mesonephros
Somites
Folding of the Embryo
(Intraembryonal Mesoderm)
Dorsal mesogastrium
coelom
Intraembryonal
coelom
mesogastrium
mesoderm
Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric
artery
Inferior mesenteric
artery
Umbilical loop
Duodenal loop
Vitelline duct
Falciform ligament
Omentum minus
Umbilical artery
Allantois
Primitive Gut Tube
Duodenojejunal
flexure
Left colic
flexure
Cecum
Liver
Aorta
Stomach
Cecum
(above)
70 D
Superior
mesenteric artery
180o
Rotation of Umbilical Loop
FETAL CIRCULATION
To placenta:
umbilical arteries

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היסטולוגיה!.ppt