This document discusses how governance has evolved over time. It describes how nation states emerged as the dominant form of governance but are now facing challenges to their authority from other entities. These include multinational corporations that have significant economic power, non-governmental organizations that advocate on social issues, and international organizations and agreements that influence domains like trade and security. The document argues that governments will need to develop innovative partnerships with these other players to effectively address complex problems in the future.

1. Revolution 7: Governance

2. Definitions
 State
 Nation
 Empire
 Territory
 Government
 Governance
 Sovereignty

3. Governance
We develop social
organizations, struct
ures and processes
to govern ourselves
and provide for our
basic needs.

4. Social Contract
We grant “consent” to
authority (government)
and in return we receive
the benefits of the civil
society.

5. Foundations of Government
(Civil Society)
 Provide security, order, and protection from
internal and external threats
 Administration of justice (legal system and
political duties)
 Regulation of trade, labor and industry
(economic)
 Provide for the general welfare of citizens
(education, public utilities, care for the poor)

6. Governance
Over the last 100 years, the States (national
governments) have been considered to
have legitimate rights to this power (and
responsibility).

7. Criteria of a State
 Has space or territory which has internationally recognized
boundaries
 Has sovereignty
 Has external recognition
 Has people who live there on an ongoing basic
 Has economic activity and an organized economy. A country
regulates foreign and domestic trade and issues money
 Has the power of social engineering, such as education
 Has a government which provides public services and police
power

8. Colonial Period
Between the 1500’s and
1800’s, the world was
dominated by
European empires;
where European
monarchs ruled and
governed much of the
world.

9. Colonial Period
Colonial Map

10. Modern Nation-State System
 Several hundred years ago:
 Slow transformation
 Move to multiple States
 Currently:
 193 members of the United Nations
 US State Department recognizes 195
independent countries
 At least 20 other places that are usually
considered States

11. What Places are Not States?
 Taiwan
 Scotland
 Palestine
 Puerto Rico
 Greenland

12. Nation States
 Nation states are combination entities
 Political entity
 Sovereignty
 Geographic region
 Cultural or ethnic identity
 Nation states align these three elements
 Nation states are the current dominant
political structure in the world

13. Current World Map

14. The Newest Nation-States
Photo credit: Joe Burgess, NYT

15. Changes to the
Nation-State System
 Today, the world is experiencing another
major transformation:
 Sovereignty of nation states is being challenged
 Other powerful players are threatening the basic
role of governments.
 Multinational corporations
 Non-government organizations
 International organizations, alliances and
agreements

16. Changes to the
Nation-State System
 Basic functions of
governance are shifting
 Move from governments to
other entities
 These players impact
security, the legal and
economic systems, and
provide basic welfare
support.

17. Changes to the
Nation-State System
 National governments have not been
successful
 Failed in providing for basic needs
 Technology is allowing other to step in

18. Changes to the
Nation-State System
Let’s take a closer look at each of these new
players and their impact on governance
 Multinational corporations
 social responsibility
 NGOs and the civil society
 International organizations
 International alliances, treaties, and
international agreements

19. Multinational Corporations
 Definition
 International power
 Tax revenue
 Employment
 Economic activity
 Examples
 Ford Motor Company
 Walmart
 Walmart Mexico and Walmart Numbers
 Micro-multinationals

20. Multinational Corporations
Social Responsibility
 CSR is a concept whereby
organizations consider the
interests of society by taking
responsibility for the
impacts of their actions on
customers, employers, shar
eholders, communities and
the environment in all
aspects of their operations.

21. Multinational Corporations
Social Responsibility
 CSR
 Extends beyond statutory obligations
 Voluntarily taking further steps to improve:
 Quality of life for employees
 Improving the local community and
 Society at large.

22. Social Responsibility
 Examples
 Starbucks
 Starbucks CSR
 Gap
 Gap CSR

23. Non-Government Organizations
NGOs
 NGOs are:
 legally recognized entities
 created by private persons or organizations
 Not governments or government agents
 Focused on a particular topic or set of issues

24. NGOs
 NGOs are outspoken advocates for:
 Human rights
 Environmental issues
 Social programs
 Women’s rights
 Many more topics….
 NGOs are often the most effective voices
for the concerns of ordinary people in the
international arena.

25. NGOs
 NGO Directory
 NGO examples
 Amnesty International
 Arab Association for Human
Rights
 Desert Research Foundation of
Namibia

26. International Organizations
 An international organization is, by
definition, any organization with international
membership, scope, or presence.
 In common usage it means an
intergovernmental organization (IGO)
 United Nations (UN)
 European Union (EU)
 World Trade Organization (WTO)

27. International Organizations
Alliances and Agreements
 International organization directory
 International organization examples
 African Union
 Helsinki Commission
 League of Arab States
 NAFTA
 NATO
 OPEC
 International Civil Aviation Organization

28. Challenges for the Future
“The need for strategic leadership”
 Innovative strategic partnerships
 Government, business, NGOs, IOs
 Strategic Vision
 These entities will need to work together
 Creativity
 Problems are too complex to solve unilaterally