2. Adjustment
• Process by which living organism maintain a balance between it’s need and the
circumstances
• Continual process by which a person varies his behavior to produce a more
harmonious relationship between himself and environment
• Psychological survival in much the same way as biologist uses the term adaptation to
describe physiological survival
• Adjustment is a continual is the outcome of the individual’s attempt to deal with
stress and meet his needs also his efforts to maintain harmonious relationships with
the environment.
• Psychological survival in much the same ways as biologist uses the term adaption to
describe physiological survival.
3. • Adjustment is a continual process by which a person varies his
behavior to produce a more harmonious relationship between
himself and environment.
Meaning of adjustment
4. • Adjustment is a process that takes us to lead a happy and well- contented life
• It helps us to keeping balance between our needs and the capacity to meet these
needs.
• Adjustment persuades us to change our way of life according to the demands of
the situation.
• Adjustment gives us strength and ability to bring desirable changes in the
conditions of our environment
5. Characteristics of Adjustment
• Adjustment helps us to keep balance between ours needs and the capacity to
meet these needs.
• Adjustment implies changes in our thinking and way to the demands of the
situation
• It gives us ability and strength to desirable changes in the state of our
environment
• Adjustment is phsychosociological as well as psychological
• It is multidimensional
• Adjustment learn us happiness and contentment.
6. Well Adjusted person
• Free from physical ailment.
• Psychological comfort. No psychological diseases or depression, anxiety
• Social acceptance
• Self understanding about assets & limitation
• Self respect
• Balanced level of aspiration
• Strong will power
• Healthy attitude and interest
• Emotionally controlled
• Intellectually developed
7. Process of Adjustment
• An adjustment mechanism is a device used by the individual to achieve
satisfaction of the need indirectly. This helps reducing tension and stress in
maintaining self respect.
• Compensation: individual attempt s to cover up his weakness in one area by
exhibiting his strengths
• Identification: individual attempts to identify himself with successful person.to
hide his own failures, a student identify himself with his father and talk about his
success.
• Rationalization: shifting of responsibility for
• Projection: tendency to push out upon another person ones’ own unrelated,
frustrated ambitions.
• Day- dreaming: imaginative fulfilment of life
8. Spheres of Adjustment
• Personal adjustment
- Adjustment to physical development and health
- Adjustment with regard to mental development and health
- Emotional adjustment
- Sexual adjustment
- Adjustment with respect to the individual needs
• Social adjustment
- Home and family adjustment
- Adjustment with friends and relatives
- Adjustment with neighbors and other members of the community
9. Occupational adjustment
• No regret about the choice of work or occupation
• Demonstrate of job satisfaction through the performance of duties
• Satisfied with working condition
• Get along well wit colleagues and official world
• Positive attitude towards the work
• Engaging in bringing necessary improvement and modification in in work
10. Defense or mental mechanism
• Tend to resort to certain mechanism for defending our inadequacies of anxiety
• When psychological equilibrium is threated by severe emotional trauma, the
mind resorts to a variety of protective subterfuges and debtors.
• A device resorted to in order to achieve an indirect satisfaction of a need so that
tension will be reduced and self respect maintained.
• Certain pattern of behavior that are employed for protection against threat or
anxiety.
• A strategy, unconsciously utilized, that serves to protect the ego from anxiety.
11. Defense mechanism
Rationalization
- Trying to give socially acceptable reason for unacceptable social behavior
- Interpreting behavior in acceptable and reasonable way.
- a student might blame a poor exam score on the instructor rather than his or her
lack of preparation.
12. Projection
- Taking our own unacceptable qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other
people.
- example, if you have a strong dislike for someone, you might instead believe
that he or she does not like you.
- Projection works by allowing the expression of the desire or impulse, but in a
way that the ego cannot recognize, therefore reducing anxiety
Defense mechanism
13. Denial
• describe situations in which people seem unable to face reality or admit an
obvious truth.
• Denial functions to protect from things that the individual cannot cope with.
While this may save us from anxiety or pain, denial also requires a substantial
investment of energy. Because of this, other defenses are also used to keep these
unacceptable feelings from consciousness.
• We refuse to accept reality because it hurts, or we don’t like it
Defense mechanism
14. Repression
- Repression acts to keep information out of conscious awareness.
- these memories don't just disappear; they continue to influence our behavior. For
example, a person who has repressed memories of abuse suffered as a child may
later have difficulty forming relationships.
Defense mechanism
15. Regression
- Going backward or returning to the past
- Retreat for an individual from the complexities of the present to an earlier and
simpler form of behavior or a more fortunate and pleasant period of life
- Example: a man failing in his love fair resort to regression when he exhibits his
love for a doll.
• Our fear to act like adults and our wish to return to our childhood
where everything was taking care of magically.
Defense mechanism
16. Displacement
- Displacing or shifting of thought from one person or situation to another
- Transferring emotion from situation to other situation
Defense mechanism
17. Fantasy and daydreaming
Withdrawal of one’s self in a private and satisfying world of imagination. Thus
instead of facing the realities he may become satisfied with unreal, imaginary
success or satisfaction
Defense mechanism
18. Sublimation
• t’s when we transform our negative emotions or instincts, mainly, to acceptable
behavior and positive actions. For example, a person experiencing extreme anger
might take up kick-boxing as a means of venting frustration.
• sublimation is a sign of maturity that allows people to function normally in
socially acceptable ways.
Defense Mechanism
19. Intellectualization
• thinking about events in a cold, clinical way.
• allows us to avoid thinking about the stressful, emotional aspect of the situation
and instead focus only on the intellectual component
• example, a person who has just been diagnosed with a terminal illness might
focus on learning everything about the disease in order to avoid distress and
remain distant from the reality of the situation.
Defense Mechanism
