BUILDING SERVICE GROUP ASSIGNMENT

PKNS Complex,
Shah Alam
Prepared by
Lee Pei Gie 0315653
Yong Seen Yee 0315883
Khoo Xin Yee 0316180
Davin Young Qiao Wei 0321065
Thun Shao Xun 0315919
Tay Sy Min 0320813
Shane Sim Ee Han 0321288
Building Services II (QSB 2714)
Bachelor of Quantity Surveying

’’Oldest commercial
complex in Shah
Alam which houses
offices and shops.
There are hardly any
high street shops. It's
more of a bazaar
with small
shops/stores/stalls.
The Selangor
Immigration Office
here also helps to
cater the crowd

Discussion
on Existing
System
>>>>>>>>>

Fire protection
system
• Active fire protection system
• Passive fire protection system

Fire extinguisher
• Initial outbreak of fires
• Located at conspicuous
location
• Within 20m from a
potential fire hazard
• ABC type dry powder
fire extinguisher
• Blue colour
Fire Protection System

External fire hydrant
• Flow from water main with the
control of a valve
• Two way fire hydrant
• <10m distance to the building
• <10m distance to high voltage
electrical main
• <90m apart along access road

Hose Reel
• Early stage of fire
• Sited in proper position
• Manually operated and
activated by opening a valve
enabling the water to flow
into hose that is 30m away

Water storage tank
• Located at roof level
• Pressed steel
• Painted with a red
band of minimum
200mm
• Two compartments
• Level indicator

Wet riser
• Permanently charged with water
• >30.5 and <70.5m above the fire
appliance access level
• Inlet breeching connector at
ground floor and with landing
valve on each floor
• Air valve automatically open to
release air
• Air valve close when is full of
water

Sprinkler system
• Small glass bulb with a
glycerine based liquid
• Block the flow of water
• Liquid become hot;
expand; shatter the glass
bulb
• Temperature is
approximately 68°C/155°F

Fireman’s switch
• Electrical isolation switch
• Permit the disconnection of
electrical power supply
• Located in conspicuous place
• <2.75m from the ground
• Paint in red colour

Manual call point
• Raising an alarm manually
• Push button / break glass
• Installed at a height of 1.2m
above floor level
• Travel distance from one place
to the nearest call point doesn’t
exceed 30m

Fire alarm bell
• To alarm people who are at
risk
• It is relatively loud
• Produce a specific sound
pattern to avoid confusion to
successfully warn for
hazards

Smoke detector
• To detect the fire
• Ionized smoke detector & light scattering smoke
detector
• Reduce current which energies alarm relay and
obstruct the light passing through
• Trigger the alarm bell to give signal

Voice communication
system
• To communicate critical
information
• Colour in red
• Two way communication
system
• A network of telephone
handsets connected to the
master headset at the Fire
Command Centre

Fire door
• Allow the flow of traffic
around the building
• A barrier to stop the
spread of fire when door
is closed
• Provide an escape route
for occupants to escape
when the door is open

Fire escape route
• Emergency exit
• Provides a directional exit signs
• Mounted beside the lift for showing these
escape routes

Staircase and
compartment
• The number of risers per flight
<16
• Tread & riser dimension are
consistence
• No winders in escape staircase
• Sub-divided into compartment
by using compartment walls
and compartment floors
• Period of insulation >15min

Electrical Supply
System
• Main Switch Board
• Service Entrance
• Branch Circuit
• MCCB
• Conduit

Main switch board
• Consists of various electric
apparatus that are used to
operate circuits
• To transmit electricity
• It is enclosed
• Sheet steel fabricated
Electrical Supply System

Service entrance
• Allow the electric to flow to
the building
• Electric will pass through
the meter and a device
• For overcurrent protection
and electrical current
control
• To avoid occurrence of
overcurrent

Branch circuit
• A metal box that filled with
switches
• To supply the power to the
electrical devices in the
shop
• Cut off the power without
affecting the power supply
of the whole building

Miniature circuit
breaker (MCCB)
• To protect cables
• Lines against overload and short-circuit

Conduit
• To protect the cables from
physical damage and
heat
• PVC electrical conduit
elbow
• Light
• High strength
• Low cost

Mechanical and Air-
conditioning System
• Mechanical Fan
• Air Return Diffuser
• Air Supply Diffuser
• Air Door
• AHU Room
• Cooling Tower
• Ventilation Ducting System

Mechanical Fan
 CEILING FAN or WALL MOUNTING FAN
 Circulate air within a space
 Reducing the perceived temperature by method of evaporation
of perspiration on the skin of the occupants.
Mechanical and Air-conditioning System

Ventilation Conducting System
 FLEXIBLE DUCTWORKS
 Insulated with fiberglass to avoid losing valuable conditioned
air
 Enhance thermal performance and prevent condensation
and dripping
PKNS COMPLEXMechanical and Air-conditioning System

Cooling Tower
 Specialized heat exchanger
 Located on the roof of PKNS building WHY ?
 Noise and vibration they generate, the tower should be
isolated acoustically from the frame of the building and
noise sensitive areas

AHU Room
 Located in a large mechanical room
 AHU connects to the ductwork that distributes the conditioned air
throughout the areas of the building
 Warmed air is returned to the AHU room to be cooled after going
through the cooling coil and filter

Air Door
 Installed air doors at every entrance or customer entryways
 Help keep flying insects out by creating forceful turbulence
 Help keep out outside air and prevent loss of cool air, thus
reducing infiltration through the opening

Air Supply Diffuser
 CONE DIFFUSER
 Mounted on the ceiling
 Cones can be taken out
by pushing inward, turn
around and pull down
 4 - WAYS LOUVER
BLADED DIFFUSER
 Mounted on the ceiling
 Provide excellent
diffusion performance

Air Return Diffuser
 Attached to the wall as well as mounted on the ceiling
 Connects to ductwork that allows air to return to any cooling
or heating system
 The openings that connect to ducts and other spaces for
the returning air are covered with grillwork.

Vertical Transport
System
• Escalator
• Elevator

ESCALATOR
 Located at the center of ground floor and second floor
 Double bank in two travel direction
 Used in the objects in which persons travel in two opposite direction
 Normally use in major department stores where transportation time
between several levels should be kept to a minimum
Vertical Transport System

ELEVATOR
 Three fire fighter lift and three electric lifts
 The elevators can support up to 800kg, 11 people can go in at one time
 The speed of these elevators is between 100-150 feet per minute
Fire Lift and
Electirc Lift Fire Lift and
Electirc Lift

ELEVATOR
 Call Buttons are used to request an elevator
 Hall lanterns or position indicators are used to indicate the arriving
elevator and the direction it will travel
 Audible signals sound once for elevators going up and sound twice
for elevators going down
Hall Lantern Hall Lantern

ELEVATOR
 Equipped with lighting and ventilation fan
 Floor Selection Buttons are used to select floors that the elevator
will stop at
 Operation and Emergency Buttons are offset below the floor
selection buttons. These buttons include door open, door close,
emergency stop and emergency alarm. All these button panels
are clear and easily reached at appropriate level

Analysis
on System
Problems
>>>>>>>>>

Problems on
Fire Protection
System

1.Fire Alarm System
• Most of the fire alarm trigger system are
not functioning
Problems on Fire Protection System

Only a few of the old
alarm were replaced by
new ones.
• lacking of
visible
indicator
alarm
signal
which one
of the
requirement
stated in
UBBL 241.
• To notify
deaf people
during a fire
Fire alarm within
the building
visible indicator alarm
signal that the building
should have

2. Voice communication System
Telephone for users to
contact the control
centre looks very dirty
and faulty.
There is no key to
access the
telephone in it.

The command and control centre which is
closed and looked abandoned
• violates the requirement of UBBL 239 part 3 - voice
communication system is required in every office area
exceeding 92.9m2
• violates the requirement of UBBL 238 - not having a
command and control system in such a big building.

3. Fire Extinguisher
• Fire extinguishers can found at almost
every corner of the building especially at
fre hazards area.
• However, most of them are left
unsecured while some of them are hard
to excess.

Glass is broken
fire
extinguishers
that are not
kept properly
but instead it is
just left
unsecured.
No access
key.

4. Sprinkler System
• Very poorly maintained.
• Almost every visible sprinkler is covered
with a thick layer of dust.
• Could result in a false alarm to trigger.

• Moreover, there are even some sprinkles
then are badly corroded.
• This will impact the functionality of the
system and also result in leakage.
Corroded
Sprinklers

5. Firemen Lift
• There are no signs indicating which is the
firemen lift.
• All the lifts including the firemen lift have
very small capacity.
• Very inconvenient for firemen to use
during a fire.

No signs indicating
which is the
firemen lift.
Lift with small
capacity

6. Escape Route
• diffusers of the staircase pressurization
system are covered with a very layer of
dust.
• The stairs will not be pressurised the way it
should.
• Smoke can enter the escape route.
• Besides, few of the lockset of fire doors
which leads to the escape route is broken.

Diffusers covered with a lot of dust
Fire doors with broken lockset

Problems on
Mechanical and
Air-conditioning
System

COOLING TOWER
Water Leakage
Problems on Mechanical and Air-conditioning System

Water flows
to the
electrical
cabling
nearby

Cooling tower
located at the top
floor in the
middle of the
building is not
functioning.
Fans are used
on the entire
ground floor
level.

Big fans are
used in
shoppinng
complex

AHU DOOR
Gap between
the door

DUCTING
Ducting expose

Suggestion
on Improving
Systems
>>>>>>>>>

1. Fire Alarm System
Employees have to stay alert if there is any broken
system
 to prevent it from not functioning during an event
of fire which will cause loss of lives within the
complex
Recommendation on Fire Protection System

The volume of the siren may be increased when
the fire alarm system is activated
 the occupants can clearly hear the directions
that are being given

Some frequent maintenance should also be
carried out
 such as battery changing and cleaning it to
make it free from dust

Decrease the distance between alarms
 it would take a long time for the occupants to
hear the fire alarm which the valuable escape
time would be lost because of this.

Quantity of fire alarm system within the complex
may also be increased.
 if some fire alarms are broken down, at least
there are a few more still can carry out its
function in the case of emergency.

2. Voice Communication System
Can be improved by frequent testing and
maintenance
 to ensure it can be functioned

Prepare more spare keys which can access the
telephones for users to contact the control centre
 as the size of key is usually small which could be
lost easily.

Telephone should also be cleaned frequently so
that it would not be covered with dust or unwanted
rubbish
 which may hiding them away or mixing them
with other items and lead to the confusion for
people in the complex in the case of emergency.

Ensure that the connection line of control centre is
still working
 because it could assist to contact fire fighters
during emergencies

The command and control centre should be
reopened
 To receive information from the occupants when
there is an event of fire for them to contact the
fire fighters immediately without delaying the
time.

3. Fire Extinguisher
Test the extinguisher during annual fire protection
inspections
 ensure that it can be functioned because the
extinguisher would have easily been knocked
and damaged.

All the employees should have training lesson on
how to use the fire extinguisher correctly
 so they can use it to prevent the spread of fire

Ensure that the fire extinguishers are always in
place with accessible keys beside
 it may only take a few seconds to remove the
blockage on the extinguisher, but every second
is vital in the event of a fire

The date of issue in their label of the extinguisher
should be checked frequently
 If they are out of date, they are useless and the
employees need to replace them

Check fire extinguishers’ hose
 If there are any signs of breakage, holes or
cracks, the extinguisher must be replaced

4. Sprinkler System
Increase the water volume that can be spread out
from the sprinkler
 stop the fire in a short time

Sprinklers should be cleaned frequently
 dust will block the sprinkler head

Old rusted sprinkler should be replaced to a new
one
 when the sprinkler is rusted, this can interfere
with the valves or even stop them breaking
altogether.

Frequent checking of the condition of the piping
system of sprinkler should also be carried out
 as closed sprinkler valve is the most common
cause of failure in a sprinkler system

Sensitivity of sprinkler should be tested and
maintenance is required for broken sprinkler.
 checked weekly to ensure they are open, and a
full flow test should be conducted at least yearly.

5. Fireman Lift
Should be identified by placing a sign stated
‘FIREMAN LIFT’
 because the obfuscating signage in any way will
make this more difficult for people who are not
familiar with the layout of the building

Size of the fireman lift should be enlarged
 more fire fighters can be sent to upper floor to
control the fire spread the save the occupants
who are trapped in the fire.

Velocity of the lift should be slightly increased
 reduce the time taken for fire fighters to stop the
spread of fire on the upper floor.

Make sure installation and maintenance are
carried out properly
 the maintenance of fireman life should be done
frequently to prevent it from not functioning

Fire resistance coating can also be applied for
internal and external wall surface of the lift
 form a barrier to stop the spread of fire

6. Escape Route
Provide the diagrams to show the route to escape
 well displayed signs can quickly guide everyone
to safety.

Diffusers should be cleaned weekly by the cleaner
 residues inside diffuser combined with heat can
cause serious life-threatening fires.

Change the fire door lockset if it is broken
 it could lead to very dangerous situation if
people are trying to the fire door in a panic

Do monthly check up of the condition of the fire
door.
 If there is a hole or crack on the fire resistant
door, the door is considered as useless because
smoke will be able to come through the cracks
and the fire will continue to spread to other
places

Ensure that the fire door is accessible
 so that when people are trying to escape from
the complex, they do not need to interfere with
any equipment, tools or objects that could cause
them further harm.

Mechanical and
Air-conditioning
System

Water leak from cooling
tower
• Blocked or clog pipe
*For illustration purpose only
Recommendation on Mechanical and Air-Conditioning System

Recommendation……

Mechanical fan

Round Cone Diffuser

AHU Door

Exposed ducting

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