This document provides instructions for titrating vinegar to determine the concentration of ethanoic acid. Students are asked to measure out vinegar, add an indicator, and titrate with sodium hydroxide solution from a burette. By recording the volume of sodium hydroxide used, students can calculate the moles of ethanoic acid and determine if the vinegar's concentration matches what is supposed to be present. The document guides students through setting up the experiment safely and analyzing their results to evaluate the quality of the vinegar sample.

1. Neutralizing an Acid Aim To be able to calculate the concentration acid in vinegar.

2. Context Titration – this is a technique that can be used to find out the concentration of a solution. It can be used for quality control, by forensic scientists and pharmacists to make medicines. You will be given a sample of vinegar and need to check if it has been watered down or not. You will be told the concentration of ethanoic acid it is supposed to contain and must check to see if it is correct.

3. Risk Assessment

4. Equipment Diagram

6. Results Average Volume of sodium hydroxide (ml) Test

7. Analysis Neutralization happens when… The word equation for this reaction is… The balanced symbol for this reaction is… The concentration of ethanoic acid in vinegar was… The calculation to show this is…

8. To calculate the concentration of ethanoic acid in the vinegar you need to: Calculate the moles of sodium hydroxide used= volume in dm 3 x concentration Use this value to work out concentration of ethanoic acid = moles  volume in dm 3 Analysis and Evaluation

9. Evaluation My experiment went… I did not have problems with… because… I had problems with … because… To improve my experiment I could… My results would be more reliable if I… Did you have any results that look out of place? (Was the amount of sodium hydroxide needed to neutralize the acid very high or very low?) If so, how might this have happened?