WWI and Russian Revolution

1. UNIT 6:THE FIRST
WORLD WAR AND
THE RUSSIAN
REVOLUTION

2. OUTLINE
1 THE ARMED PEACE IN EUROPE
1.1 The importance of the German Empire
• The Bismarckian system (1871-1890)
• The expansionist foreign policy of Wilhelm II (1890-1914)
2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.1 The causes of the war: (remember the acronym MAIN)
• Militarism
• Alliances
• Imperialism
• Nationalism
2.2 Phases of the war:
1914: Initial German offensives
1915-16: Trench warfare
1917: Incorporation and withdrawal of allies
1918: The end of the war and the Armistice
2.3 Economy and society during the war
2.4 The peace settlement
2.5 The WWI consequences: social, economic and territorial
3 THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
3.1 Before the revolution: autocratic government, semi-feudal economy and social unrest
3.2 The causes of the revolution:
3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• February Revolution: the liberal-bourgeois revolution. The provisional government
• October Revolution: the socialist-proletariat revolution
3.4 The creation of the USSR

4. 1 THE ARMED PEACE IN EUROPE

5. 1 THE ARMED PEACE IN EUROPE

6. THE BISMARCKIAN SYSTEM (1871-1890)

7. THE BISMARCKIAN SYSTEM (1871-1890)

8. THE BISMARCKIAN SYSTEM (1871-1890)

9. THE EXPANSIONIST FOREIGN POLICY OF WILHELM II (1890-1914)

10. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.1 The causes of the war: (remember the acronym MAIN)
• Militarism
• Alliances
• Imperialism
• Nationalism

11. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR

12. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
THE SPARK

13. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
THE SPARK

14. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
THE SPARK

15. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
THE SPARK

16. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
ULTIMATUMS

17. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
RECRUITMENT

18. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
RECRUITMENT

19. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
RECRUITMENT

20. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
RECRUITMENT

21. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.2 Phases of the war:
1914: Initial German offensives
1915-16: Trench warfare
1917: Incorporation and withdrawal of allies
1918: The end of the war and the Armistice

22. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1914: Initial
German offensives

23. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1915-16: Trench warfare

24. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1915-16: Trench warfare

25. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1915-16: Trench warfare

26. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1915-16: Trench warfare

27. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1915-16: Trench warfare and modern weapons

28. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1915-16: Trench warfare and modern weapons

29. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1915-16: Trench warfare and modern weapons

30. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1915-16: Trench warfare and modern weapons

31. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1915-16: Trench warfare and modern weapons

32. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1915-16: Trench warfare and modern weapons

33. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1915-16: Trench warfare and modern weapons

34. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1915-16: Trench warfare and modern weapons

35. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1915-16: Trench warfare and modern weapons

36. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1915-16: Trench warfare and modern weapons

37. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1917: Incorporation and withdrawal of allies

38. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1917: Incorporation and withdrawal of allies

39. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1917: Incorporation and withdrawal of allies

40. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1917: Incorporation and withdrawal of allies

41. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1918: The end of the
war and the Armistice

42. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1918: The end of the war and the Armistice

43. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1918: The end of the war and the Armistice

44. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.3 Economy and society during the war: women

45. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.3 Economy and society during the war: women

46. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.4 The peace settlement

47. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.4 The peace settlement

48. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.4 The peace settlement

49. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.4 The peace settlement

50. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.5 The WWI consequences: social, economic and territorial

51. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.5 The WWI consequences: social, economic and territorial

52. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.5 The WWI consequences: social, economic and territorial

53. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.5 The WWI consequences: social, economic and territorial

54. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.5 The WWI consequences: social, economic and territorial

55. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.5 The WWI consequences: social, economic and territorial

56. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.5 The WWI consequences: social, economic and territorial

57. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.5 The WWI consequences: social, economic and territorial

58. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Battlefields today

59. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.5 The WWI consequences: social, economic and territorial

60. 2 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
2.5 The WWI consequences: social, economic and territorial

61. OUTLINE
3 THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
3.1 Before the revolution: autocratic government, semi-feudal
economy and social unrest
3.2 The causes of the revolution:
• 1904-1905: the Russo-Japanese war
• The appearance of political parties
• The 1905 Revolution
• Participation in the WWI
3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• February Revolution: the liberal-bourgeois revolution. The
provisional government
• October Revolution: the socialist-proletariat revolution
3.4 The creation of the USSR

62. 3.1 Before the revolution: autocratic government, semi-feudal economy and social unrest

64. 3.1 Before the revolution: autocratic government, semi-feudal economy and social unrest

65. 3.2 The causes of the revolution: 1904-1905: the Russo-Japanese war

66. 3.2 The causes of the revolution: 1904-1905: the Russo-Japanese war

67. 3.2 The causes of the revolution: The appearance of political parties

68. 3.2 The causes of the revolution: The 1905 Revolution. BLOODY SUNDAY

69. 3.2 The causes of the revolution: The 1905 Revolution. BLOODY SUNDAY

70. 3.2 The causes of the revolution: The 1905 Revolution. SAINT PETERSBURG SOVIET

71. 3.2 The causes of the revolution: The 1905 Revolution. MUTINY IN THE POTEMKIN

72. 3.2 The causes of the revolution: The 1905 Revolution. STAIRS SCENE of the Battleship Potemkin 1925 Soviet silent
film directed by Sergei Eisenstein.

73. 3.2 The causes of the revolution: The 1905 Revolution. DUMA

74. 3.2 The causes of the revolution: Participation in the WWI

75. 3.2 The causes of the revolution: Participation in the WWI - DATES

76. • City with 3 names during the 20th
century:
 On 1 September 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd
 On 26 January 1924 to Leningrad
 On 1 October 1991 back to its original name.

77. • 1916: RASPUTIN IS KILLED: poisoned, twice shot to dead and frozen

78. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• February Revolution: the liberal-bourgeois revolution. The provisional government

79. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• February Revolution: the liberal-bourgeois revolution. The provisional government

80. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• February Revolution: THE LIBERAL-BOURGEOIS REVOLUTION.

81. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• February Revolution: TSAR NICOLAS II ABDICATION

82. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• February Revolution: two powers
• PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
• PETROGRAD SOVIET

83. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• February Revolution: WOMEN’S BATTALION

84. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• February Revolution: LENIN AND THE BOLSHEVICS

85. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• February Revolution: LENIN AND THE BOLSHEVICS
APRIL THESES
PEACE, LAND AND BREAD

86. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• October Revolution: the socialist-proletariat revolution

87. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• October Revolution: the socialist-proletariat revolution

88. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• October Revolution: the socialist-proletariat revolution

89. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• October Revolution: the socialist-proletariat revolution

90. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• October Revolution: BOLSHEVICS GOVERNMENT: Council of People’s Commissars.

91. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• October Revolution: Aleksandra "Shura" Mijáilovna Kolontái
(People’s Commissar of public charity and the first woman-
ambassador in the world.)

92. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• October Revolution: BOLSHEVICS GOV
Lenin’s government measures:
PEACE: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
LAND: expropriate land and redistribute it among the peasants and give the control of
industries to the workers’ committees.
to change the name of the Bolshevik party to the COMMUNIST PARTY and make it the
only legal political party.
to found the THIRD INTERNATIONAL (also called the Comintern) to coordinate all the
communist parties around the world.

93. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• October Revolution: BOLSHEVICS GOV
Lenin’s government measures:
 PEACE: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

94. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• October Revolution: BOLSHEVICS GOV
Lenin’s government measures:
LAND: expropriate land and
redistribute it among the peasants and
give the control of industries to the
workers’ committees.

95. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• October Revolution: BOLSHEVICS GOV
Lenin’s government measures:
to change the name of the Bolshevik
party to the COMMUNIST PARTY and
make it the only legal political party.
CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet
Union)
PRAVDA: official newspaper of the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union,
one of the world most powerful and
influential one during the communist
regime of Russia.

96. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• October Revolution: BOLSHEVICS GOV
Lenin’s government measures:
to found the THIRD INTERNATIONAL (also called
the Comintern) to coordinate all the communist
parties around the world.

97. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• October Revolution: THE RED FEAR

98. 3.3 The 1917 revolutions:
• October Revolution: Ten Days That Shook the
World, by John Reed

99. 3.3 Russian Civil War: 1918-1921

100. 3.3 Russian Civil War: 1918-1921

101. 3.3 Russian Civil War: 1918-1921

102. THE END OF THE ROMANOV DINASTY:
The tsar and his family were under house arrest in Petrograd and then they were moved to Ekaterimburgo, Siberia.

103. THE END OF THE ROMANOV DINASTY:
The tsar and his family were killed in July 1918, during the repression of the opposition to the Bolshevik government carried
out by the secret police (Cheka). The rest were recovered and buried in Sant Petersburg after the fall of the USSR.

104. 3.4 The creation of the USSR
1922 - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
1924 Constitution: established its territorial organisation and governmental institutions.

105. 3.4 The creation of the USSR
Political organisation of the USSR: put into practice Marxist ideas (communism) with the establishment of a
proletariat dictatorship. The main characteristics were:
political power was held by the soviets (controlled by the proletariat), which had the power to make laws
(legislative power) and to choose the people who held executive power.
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was the only political party, and it represented the interests of
the workers.

107. 3.4 The creation of the USSR
Economy
Lenin was forced to postpone the implementation of socialism because of the shortage of food caused by the civil
war. He established the New Economic Policy (NEP) which allowed some capitalist systems to exist to increase
production. Peasants could sell their produce, and small private artisan and trading companies were set up. The
state controlled the important sectors, such as large industries, foreign trade and banks.

108. 3.4 The creation of the USSR
Territorial organisation
The USSR was a federal state that included Russia
as the main republic and several smaller republics,
such as Belorussia and Ukraine, which accepted the
soviet system. The federal system resolved the
problems of former nationalities of the Russian
Empire, as it respected their autonomy and right to
self-determination.