2. Slide 3/43
“Equivalent Sphere” Attitude
These diameters are fundamentally different for the same particle.
The equivalent sphere diameters differ for any non-spherical material.
Every PSA technique yields different results for non-spherical particles.
4. Slide 6/43
DIPA-2000 Laser Channel
Main Advantages:
Quick & Straight Forward Measurement
High Resolution Detection Capabilities
Time Domain Analysis, No “Pre-Knowledge”
5. Slide 7/43
DIPA-2000 Laser Channel
The rotating laser beam
A B C D E F
scans single particles
Scanning Laser
within its focus.
The diameter of the
particle is directly
correlated to the duration
of the obscuration.
V
The measurement
principle is a time interval,
not an intensity
measurement.
The time domain is
independent of particles
Ta Tb Tc Td Te Tf Time
optical or physical
properties.
6. Slide 8/43
DIPA-2000 Laser Channel
From the duration of the obscuration (T),
and the known rotation velocity of the laser beam (V),
the particle diameter (D)
can be calculated:
D=V·T
In relation to the high speed of the laser rotating laser, the particles
are stationary, thus will not effect particle size measurement.
No requirements for particles pre-knowledge of:
1. Refractive index
2. Temperature
3. Viscosity variation
4. Electrical conductivity
5. Etc…
7. Slide 9/43
DIPA-2000 Laser Channel
Summery
Data is collected directly on each analyzed particle.
Detection of minor fractions, high resolution.
Correct measurement of particle size, not influenced by physical
or optical properties.
Operation in Liquid, Dry and Aerosol mediums.
No calibration/alignment required by user.
Robust measurement, on-line indication for statistical significance.
Concentration measurement.
FDA 21 CFR Part 11 S/W security compliance.
9. DIPA-2000 Video Channel
Main Advantages:
Sample Visualization
Dynamic Shape Analysis
Advanced Particles Size and Shape information
10. Slide 14/43
Dynamic Shape Analysis
(DSA) Principle of Operation
Real time images of particles in motion
are collected
Images are converted into a grid containing a
collection of picture elements (pixels)
420 µm
Each individual pixel has a value for brightness Image
(grey level): 0 = Dark; 255 = White Conversion
All images are analyzed according to a
pre-defined set of Image Analysis characteristics
Measurement is finished when the analysis end
conditions are met
(# of particles/images, confidence level, time, etc)
18 µm
11. Slide 15/43
DIPA-2000 Video Channel
DIPA-2000 DSA Main Features:
• Easy setup and measurement
using software wizards
• Advanced pre-processing
algorithms
• Size and Shape Filter/Grouping
• Automated Report Generation
• Storage of real raw date
(un-processed images)
• Re-processing of raw data
• Internal optical calibration and
verification tools available
• Interface with 3rd party hardware
(Microscopy)
12. Slide 16/43
DIPA-2000 Video Channel
• For each individual particle, all size and
shape parameters are determined.
• The DIPA-2000 Image Analysis S/W
automates set-up and measurement.
• DIPA-2000 IA software includes many
procedures such as:
– Pre-Processing Procedures
– Image Quality Filters
– Region of Interest Determination
– Out-Of-Focus Rejection
– Morphology Operations
– Grouping according to size/shape
– Re-Processing of stored images and
movies
– Manual Lens Calibration (Microscopy)
13. Slide 20/43
DIPA-2000 Video Channel
Summery
Seeing is believing, visualize your sampled particles.
Better and advanced characterization of materials.
High resolution data (down to pixel size data).
Detection and quantification of shape parameters.
Validation technique for the Laser Channel or other particle
size methods.
Detection capability of minor fractions for fine particles or
agglomerated materials.
Quantification of material homogenity.
Advanced tool for shape differences characterisation.
FDA 21 CFR Part 11 S/W security compliance.
14. Slide 22/43
One System = Variety of Applications
“Adapting the technology to the application”, rather than -
“adapting the application to the technology”
27. Slide 43/43
DIPA 2000 S/W Features
Summery
• Easy setup and measurement using software wizards
• Advanced pre-processing algorithmes
• Size and Shape Grouping/Filtering
• Automated report generator
• Storage of real-time raw data (un-processed images)
• Re-processing of raw data (images & movie files)
• Interface with 3rd party hardware (e.g. Microscopy)
• Manual calibration and verification tools avaible
• Integrated laser and video software
• Simultaneous laser and video results
• FDA 21 CFR Part 11 S/W security compliance
Editor's Notes
Now that we have measured the duration of the obscuration, it is simple to calculate the size of the particle:Since the rotation velocity of the laser beam (by the wedge prism) is known and strictly controlled by the DIPA-2000, the obscuration time is used for calculating the particle’s size with a simple formula: Particle Diameter equals velocity multiplied by obscuration time.This formula holds true under the condition that the particles are stationary relative to the scanning motion of the laser beam. Since the laser beam is rotating at a much higher speed than the sample flow, this is automatically achieved.A strong advantage of this principle is that the measurement does not require any pre-knowledge of the material under investigation.