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الاعتداء في الدعاء
- 2. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ٥
ﱢﻣـﺔﺪﺍﳌﻘ
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﺷﺮﻭﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻧﻌﻮﺫ ،ﻭﻧﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮﻩ ﻭﻧﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﳓﻤﺪﻩ ﷲ َﺪﺍﳊﻤ ﱠﻥﺇ
ﺃﻥ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ،ﻟﻪ َﻱﻫﺎﺩ ﻓﻼ ُﻀﻠﻞﻳ ﻭﻣﻦ ،ﻟﻪ ﱠﻞﻣﻀ ﻓﻼ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻬﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ،ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﺳﻴﺌﺎﺕ
ﻋ ﹰﺍﱠﺪﻤﳏ ﱠﻥﺃ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ،ﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻻ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﻻﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﹸﻪﻟﻭﺭﺳﻮ ُﻩﺪﺒ
ﹰﺍﻛﺜﲑ ﹰﺎﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ..ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻣﺎ:
ﺍﳌـﻮﱃ ﻬﺑـﺎ ﺟﺎﺩ ،ﻋﻈﻤﻰ ﹲﺔﻭﻣﻨﺤ ،ﻛﱪﻯ ﹲﺔﻧﻌﻤ َﺀﱡﻋﺎﺪﺍﻟ ﱠﻥﻓﺈ–ﺗﺒـﺎﺭﻙ
ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ-ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺎﺑـﺔ َﻫﻢﺪَـﻋَﻭﻭ ،ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺑﺎﻟ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ؛ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻬﺑﺎ ﱠﱳﻭﺍﻣ
ﻭﺍﻹﺛﺎﺑﺔ.
ﰲ ﹲﺔﻋﺎﻟﻴ ُﻪﺘﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧ ،ٌﻢﻋﻤﻴ ُﻪﻌﻭﻧﻔ ،ٌﻢﻋﻈﻴ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻓﺸﺄﻥَﻢﻌﱢﻨﺍﻟ ْﻠﺒﺖﺠُﺘﺍﺳ ﻓﻤﺎ ،ﱢﻳﻦﺪﺍﻟ
ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ َﻩﺩﻭﺇﻓﺮﺍ ﺍﷲ َﺪﺗﻮﺣﻴ ﱠﻦﻤﻳﺘﻀ ﱠﻪﻧﺃ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ؛ ﱢﻘﻢﻨﺍﻟ ُﺪﻓﻌﺖﺘﺍﺳ ﻭﻻ ،ﲟﺜﻠﻪ
ﱢﻳﻦﺪﺍﻟ ﹸﻞﻭﺃﺻ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ،ﺳﻮﺍﻩ.
ﺇﻟﻴـﻪ؛ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﻬﺗﻢ ﺃﻋﻈـﻢ ﻣـﺎ ﺑﻞ ﱡﻋﺎﺀ؛ﺪﺍﻟ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﱠﺪﺃﺷ ﻓﻤﺎ
ﻓﺎﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ–ﲨ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﰲ َﻦﻣﻭ ﺑﻞﹰﺎﻴﻌ-ﻟﻴﺼﻠﻮﺍ ﱡﻋﺎﺀ؛ﺪﻟﻠ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﱢﺲﺑﺄﻣ
ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﱡﻧﻴﺎﺪﺍﻟ ﺧﲑﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ.
ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘـﺪﺍﺀ ﺧﻄﺄ ﰲ ﻓﻴﻘﻌﻮﻥ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﳛﺴﻨﻮﻥ ﻻ ﱠﺍﻋﲔﺪﺍﻟ ﻣﻦ ﹰﺍﻛﺜﲑ ﱠﻦﻟﻜ
ﻻ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﻮﺍ ﱠﻬﻢﻧﻷ ﳍﻢ؛ ُﺴﺘﺠﺎﺏﻳ ﻭﻻ ُﻬﻢﺗﺩﻋﻮ ّﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ
ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ؛ ﱡﻬﻢﺒُﺤﻳ:ﱠﺑَﺭ ُﻮﺍﻋْﺩﺍﱡﺐِـﺤُﻳ ﹶـﺎﻟ ُﻪﱠـﻧﹺﺇ ﹰﺔَـﻴﹾﻔُﺧَﻭ ًﺎﻋﱡﺮَﻀَﺗ ْﻢﹸﻜ
َﻦِﻳﺪَﺘْﻌُﻤﹾﻟﺍ]ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ:٥٥.[
ﺃﻋـﻮﺍﻡ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑـﺎﱄ ﹸﻞَﺸﻐﻳ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﹰﺍﻛﺜﲑ ُﺖﱠﻠﻣﺗﺄ ﻭﻗﺪ
ﺍﳌﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻦ ﱠﻢﻠﺗﺘﻜ ﹰﺔﱠﻠﻣﺴﺘﻘ ﱠﻔﺎﺕﻨﻣﺼ ﺃﺟﺪ ﱂ ﱠﲏﻧﺃ ﹰﺎﺧﺼﻮﺻ َﺖ؛ﻀَﻣ
َﻤَﺴﹶﻓ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ؛ ﻫﻨﺎ ﱠﻗﺔﺮﻣﻔ ﹰﺎﺃﺷﺘﺎﺗ ﱠﺎﻟﺇ ﹰﺍﲢﺪﻳﺪ،ﺍﳌﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﱠﱵﳘ ﺖ
ﱠﺗﻪﺩﻣﺎ ﲨﻊ ﰲ ﺑﺎﷲ ُﺖﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﻨ.
- 3. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ٦
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﹸﺔﻣﺸﻜﻠ:
ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱠﺤﻴﺢﺼﺍﻟ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﺑﺘﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻊ
ﹸﻝﱠﺳﻮﺮﺍﻟﻣـﻦ ﻛـﺜﲑ ﻭﻗـﻊ ﱠـﺔﺻﲞﺎ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻭﰲ ﱠﺔﻣﺑﻌﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺍﻬﺗﻢ ﰲ
ﻣـﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻭﻫﺠﺮ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ُﺯﺍﺕﻭﱠﺠﺎﺘﺍﻟﺍﻟﻜﺘـﺎﺏ
ّﺠﻣﺴ ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺑﺄﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﱠﺔﻨﱡﺴﻭﺍﻟﹶﻝﱠﻮﻣﻌ ﻻ ﻛﺮﺍﺭﻳﺲ ﰲ ﻭﺟﺪﻫﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻌﺔ
ﱡﱯﱠﻨﺍﻟ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻋﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻳﺘﺮﻙ ،ﳍﺎ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎﻣـﻦ َﻤﻨـﻊﻳ ﻫﺬﺍ ﱡﻞﻭﻛ ؛
ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ".)١(
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ُﺩﺣﺪﻭ:
ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ُﺯﺍﺕﻭﱠﺠﺎﺘﺍﻟ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹸﺚﺍﻟﺒﺤ َﻘﺘﺼﺮﻳ
ﻭ ،ﺗﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﱵﻻ ﺗﺮﺩ ﱂ ﱠﻬﺎﻧﺃ ﻣﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ُﺀﱡﻋﺎﺪﺍﻟ ﻳﻜﺜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ،ﺍﻷﺩﻋﻴﺔ ُﺮﺫﻛ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ
ﻫـﺬﻩ َﺭﻭﺻـﻮ َﺝﳕـﺎﺫ ﻧﺘﻨـﺎﻭﻝ ﻭﻛـﺬﻟﻚ ،ﱠﺔﻨﱡﺴﺍﻟ ﰲ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰲ
ﻫـﺬﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗـﻮﻉ ﻣـﻦ َﻤﻨـﻊﺗ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﹶﻂﱠﻮﺍﺑﻀﺍﻟ َﺬﻛﺮﻧ ﱠﰒ ،ُﺯﺍﺕﻭﱠﺠﺎﺘﺍﻟ
ﱠﺠﺎﻭﺯﺍﺕﺘﺍﻟ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ:
١-ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ:ﰲ ُﺯُﻭﱠﺠﺎﺘﺍﻟ ﻫﻮُﻉﱠـﺮﺸﺍﻟ ﱠﻩﺪﺣ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱢﺪﺍﳊ
ﹰﺓﱠﻮﻗ ُﺯﻭﱠﺠﺎﺘﺍﻟ ﻣﻦ ﳛﺼﻞ ﻣﺎ ﲝﺴﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﻓﻴﺤﺼﻞ ،ﱠﺮﻬﺍﳌﻄ
ﹰﺎﻭﺿﻌﻔ)٢(
.
٢-ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﹸﻂﺿﻮﺍﺑ:ُﺩﱢﺪﲢـ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋـﺪ ﻣﻦ ﹲﺔﳎﻤﻮﻋ
ﻳﺸﺮﻉ ﻻ ﻭﻣﺎ ﹰﺎﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋ ﱡﺪُﻌﻳ ﻣﺎ ُﻑُﻌﺮﻳ ﻭﻬﺑﺎ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﲡﺎﻭﺯﺍﺕ.
٣-ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﳕﺎﺫﺝﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ:ﰲ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ
ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ.
)١(ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ٧ﺹ:٢١٨.
)٢(ﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ٣ﺹ ،١٣.
- 4. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ٧
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﹸﺔﱠﻴﺃﳘ:
ﱠﺎﻟﻴﺔﺘﺍﻟ ﻟﻸﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ُﺖﻗﻤ:
١-ﺍﻷﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﻣﻊ ﹰﺎﺧﺼﻮﺻ ﱡﻋﺎﺀ؛ﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﹸﺔﱠﻴﺃﳘ
ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ.
٢-ﳍ ﹶﻞﺃﺻ ﻻ ﹰﺔﺃﺩﻋﻴ ُﺮﹸﻛﹾﺬَﺗ ﱠﺎﺕﻳﻭﻣﻄﻮ ﱢﺒﺎﺕﻴﻛﺘ ُﺭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲡﻌﻞ ﺎ
ﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻳﻬﺠﺮﻭﻥ.
٣-ﱠﺐﺗﻳﺘﺮ ﻭﻣﺎ ُﺯﺍﺕﻭﱠﺠﺎﺘﺍﻟ ﻬﺑﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﱠﺮﻋﻴﺔﺸﺍﻟ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ
ﱟﻲﺷﺮﻋ ﺗﺄﺻﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ.
٤-ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ُﺖﹶﻌﻠﱠﻃﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﱡﻮﹸﻠُﺧ
ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﱠﺔﻴﻋﻠﻤ.
ﱠﺎﺑﻘﺴﺍﻟ ُﺕﱢﺭﺍﺳﺎﺪﺍﻟﺔ:
ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﱠﺔﻴﻋﻠﻤ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﺜﺮ ﱂ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﱢﻼﻉﻃﺍﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ
ﹰﺎﻋﻤﻮﻣـ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱢﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕﺪﻭﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ُﺐﻭﻏﺎﻟ ،ﱠﺔﻄﺍﳋ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﹰﺔﺷﺎﻣﻠ
ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ُﺯﻭﱠﺠﺎﺘﻭﺍﻟ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱠﺮﻛﻴﺰﺘﺍﻟ ﺩﻭﻥ ،ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ.
ﺑﺼ َﻈﻬﺮﻳ َﺰﺍﻝﻳ ﻻ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ َﺀﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍ ﱠﻥﺇ ﱠﰒﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﱠﺎﻤﻋ ﱢﺩﺓﺪﻣﺘﺠ ﻮﺭ
ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﱠﻔﺴﲑﺘﺍﻟ ُﺐﻛﺘ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﻣﺎ ﱠﺎﺑﻘﺔﺴﺍﻟ ﻭﺍﻷﲝﺎﺙ ﱢﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕﺪﺍﻟ ﻭﻣﻦ ،ﱠﺎﺑﻖﺴﺍﻟ ﰲ:
َﻦِﻳﺪَﺘْﻌُﻤﹾﻟﺍ ﱡﺐِﺤُﻳ ﹶﺎﻟ ُﻪﱠﻧﹺﺇ ﹰﺔَﻴﹾﻔُﺧَﻭ ًﺎﻋﱡﺮَﻀَﺗ ْﻢﹸﻜﱠﺑَﺭ ُﻮﺍﻋْﺩﺍ]ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ:٥٥.[
ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ُﺕﻋﺜﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ"ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﰲ ُﻪﺘﻭﻣﻨـﺰﻟ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ"
ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﹶﺚﺍﻟﺒﺤ ﱠﻥﺃ ﱠﻦﻴﻳﺘﺒ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﻣﻦ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺳﻲ ﺟﻴﻼﻥ ﱠﻴﺦﺸﻟﻠ
ﱂ ﱠـﻪﻧﺃ ﱄ ﱠﻦﻴﺗﺒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﱢﻼﻉﻃﺍﻻ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ،ﻏﲑﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ّﻱﹶﺪﻘَﻌﺍﻟ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ
ﻋـﻦ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ،ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻗﺘﻀﺎﺏ ﱠﺎﻟﺇ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ
ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺿﺮﺏ.
- 5. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ٨
ﻫﻨ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ٌﺏﻛﺘﺎ ﺎﻙ" :ﺍﻷﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﰲ ﹸﺔﺍﻷﺯﻫﻴ"ﺑـﻦ ﱠﺪﻤﶈ
َﺾﺑﻌ َﺮﹶﻛﹶﺫﻭ ،ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﲢﺖ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ َﺀﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍ َﺮﹶﻛﹶﺫ ،ّﻲﱠﺭﻛﺸﺰﺍﻟ ﻬﺑﺎﺩﺭ
ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﱠﻤﺎﺫﺝﻨﻭﺍﻟ َﺭﻮﱡﺼﺍﻟ.
ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ"ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ،ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ ،ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻪ ،ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ"َﺽﱠﺮَـﻌَﺗ ،
ﺑﺸﻜ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﻟﻼﻋﺘﺪﺍﻝﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﻞ.
ُﻪﲰﺍ ٌﺏﻛﺘﺎ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ"ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ"ﺍﶈﺎﻣﺪﻱ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡﻋﻤﺮ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ
ﻋﺎﻡ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﹸﺔﻣﻜﺘﺒ ْﻪﺗَﺮَﺸَﻧ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ١٤١٤ﺃﺩﻋﻴـﺔ ﻋﻦ ﱠﻢﻠﺗﻜ ﱠﻪﻨﻭﻟﻜ ﻫـ؛
ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﱠﺽﺮﻳﺘﻌ ﻭﱂ ،ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺑﻪ ﹶﺮﻔﱠﺴﺍﻟ.
ُﻪﲰﺍ ُﺮﺁﺧ ٌﺏﻛﺘﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ"ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﺷﺄﻥ"ﱠﻗﺎﻕﺪﺍﻟ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺃﲪﺪ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﱢﰊﱠﺎﻄَﺨﻟﻠ
ﻁ ،ﱡﺮﺍﺙﺘﻟﻠ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﺗﻪ١٤٠٤ﱠـﺠﻊﺴﻛﺎﻟ ﱡﻋﺎﺀ؛ﺪﺍﻟـ ﰲ ﻳﻜـﺮﻩ ﱠﺎﻤﻋ ﱠﻢﻠﺗﻜ ،ﻫـ
ﺍﺪﺟ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ،ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠﺤﻦﻠﺍﻟ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ،ﻭﻏﺮﺍﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﰲ ﱡﻒﻠﹶﻜﱠﺘﻭﺍﻟ.
ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ"ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ"ﳏ ﱡﻛﺘﻮﺭﺪﺍﻟ ﻭﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ،ﱢﱐﱠﱪﺍﻄﻟﻠﻤـﺪ
َﻴـﻞﻨﻟ ﹸﺚﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣ ﻬﺑﺎ ﱠﻡﺪﺗﻘ ﱠﺔﻴﻋﻠﻤ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﹲﺓﻋﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ؛ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﱢﻡﺃ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﱡﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﺓﺪﺍﻟ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ–ﱠﻣﺔﺮﺍﳌﻜ ﱠﺔﻜﻣ-ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺎﺋﺮ ُﺭﺩﺍ ْﻪﺘﻃﺒﻌ ﻭﻗﺪ
١٤٠٧َﺮﹶـﻛﹶﺫ ﱠﰒ ،ﻓﻴـﻪ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﱠﺠﻊﺴﺍﻟ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﻴﺔ ﰲ ﱠﻢﻠﺗﻜ ،ﻫـ
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﱠﺎﺹﻗﻭ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﹶﺚﺣﺪﻳﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ َﻪﻨﺍﺑ ﲰﻊ" :ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﱢﻲﻧﺇ ﱠﻢﺍﻟﻠﻬ
َﻫﺎﺭﻭﻗﺼﻮ َﻫﺎﺭﻭﺃﻬﻧﺎ َﻬﺎﺘﻭﻬﺑﺠ َﻬﺎﻤﻭﻧﻌﻴ ﹶﺔﱠﻨﺍﳉ"...ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ.
ﲢﻘﻴـﻖ ،ّﻲﱢﺒﱠﻀﺍﻟ ﻏﺰﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ ﱠﺪﻤﶈ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ُﺏﻛﺘﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ
ﻋﻤﻞ ﰲ ﹶﺓﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﳚﻤﻊ ﻭﻫﻮ ،ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﻤﻲ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ
ﻭ ،ﱠﻴﻠﺔﻠﻭﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﱠﺽﺮﻳﺘﻌ ﱂ.
ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ"ﻭﺍﻷﺫﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻪ"ﺑﻦ ﱠﺍﻕﺯﱠﺮﺍﻟ ﻋﺒﺪ ﱠﻴﺦﺸﻟﻠ
ﱢﻢﻴﹶﻘﺍﻟ ﺍﺑﻦ ُﺭﺩﺍ ْﻪﺗﻧﺸﺮ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺍﶈﺴﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ١٤٢٥ﰲ ﻟﻼﻋﺘـﺪﺍﺀ ﱠﺽﺮﺗﻌـ ﻫـ
ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻗﺘﻀﺎﺏ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ.
- 6. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ٩
ُﻪﲰﺍ ﺁﺧﺮ ٌﺏﻛﺘﺎ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ"ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ُﺀﱡﻋﺎﺪﺍﻟ"ﱠﺸﺍﻟ ﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ،ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ،ﹼﱐﻴﺒﺎ
ﻁ١٤١٤ﻏﲑﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﻩ ﻭﱂ ،ﻓﻘﻂ ﱢﻲﱢﺮﻛﺸﺍﻟ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻋﻦ ﱠﺎﻟﺇ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﱂ ،ﻫـ.
ﻓﻀـﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﱠﻢﻠﺗﺘﻜ ﱠﻤﺎﻧﺇ ﻭﲝﻮﺙ؛ ﺭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻛﺘﺐ ﹸﺔﱠﻣﻋﺎ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ
ﺑﻌﻤﻖ ﱡﺽﺮَﻌﱠﺘﺍﻟ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﹼﺚﻭﺍﳊ
ﺍﻻ ﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ُﻑﺃﻫﺪﺍ:
١-ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ.
٢-ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻟﻼﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﺻﻮﺭ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ.
٣-ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﺍﺕ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺇﻳﻀﺎﺡ.
٤-ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ.
٥-ﱠﺤﻴﺢﺼﺍﻟ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻣﻦ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﺫﻛﺮ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ:
١-ﺑ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ؟ ﰲ ﺎﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ
٢-ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ؟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ
٣-ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ؟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ
٤-ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ؟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ
٥-ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ؟ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ:
١-ﺑـ ﱢﻘﺔﻠﺍﳌﺘﻌ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ُﺀﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍ"ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ"ﱢﻬﻧﻣﻈﺎ ﻣﻦﻣﻦ ﺎ
ﻣـﻦ ُﻪﻌﲨ ﱠﻢَﺗ ﱠﺎﳑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﱡﻢﻳﻬ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺀ ،ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻭﻧﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﱠﺎﺕﻳﻭﺩﻭﺭ ﻛﺘﺐ
ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﱡﺼﻮﺹﻨﺑﺎﻟ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﱠﺎﺕﻳﺃﻭﻟﻮ ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ،ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ.
- 7. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ١٠
٢-ﻭﲢﻠﻴـﻞ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ ﱠﻂﻄﳐ ﻣﻊ ﱠﻔﻖﺘﻳ ﲟﺎ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ
ﱠﺮﺟﻴﺢﺘﻭﺍﻟ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﹰﺍﲤﻬﻴﺪ ﱠﻔﺔ؛ﻨﺍﳌﺼ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ.
٣-ُﻭﻋﺰﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻢ ﱡﻮﺭﺓﺴﺍﻟ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺑﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ.
٤-ﺩﺭﺟﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ،ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ–ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ-ﰲ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﻣـﺎ ﱠـﺎﻟﺇ
ﺑﺘﺨﺮﳚﻪ ﻓﺄﻛﺘﻔﻲ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻭ ﱠﺤﻴﺤﲔﺼﺍﻟ.
٥-ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﱡﻘﻮﻻﺕﻨﺍﻟ ُﻖﺗﻮﺛﻴ.
٦-ﻳﻐﻴـ ﻭﺍﻟـﱵ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻣﻀﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺷﺮﺡﺐ
ﱠﻔﲔﻘﺍﳌﺜ ﻣﻦ ﱢﺺﺍﳌﺨﺘ ﻏﲑ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ.
٧-ﺃﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ–ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﰲ-ﻭﻣـﻦ ﱠـﺔﻴﺍﳊﻨﻔ ﺑﻘـﻮﻝ
َﺀﺁﺭﺍ ﺃﺫﻛـﺮ ﻭﻗـﺪ ،ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﹰﺍﻣﻘﺘﺼﺮ ،ﻓﺎﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ ،ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ،ﱠﺔﻴﻓﺎﳌﺎﻟﻜ ،ﹶﻬﻢﻘﹶﻓﻭﺍ
ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﱠﺎﻫﺮﻳﺔﻈﺍﻟ.
٨-ﻭﺃﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﹶﻝﻭﺃﻗﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ َﺽﻋﺮ ُﺐﱢﻘﺃﻋ،ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﱠﺍﺟﺢﺮﺍﻟ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ َﻬﻢﺘﱠﻟ
ﹲﻝﻗﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﱠﺢﺟﻳﺘﺮ ﱂ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺔﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟ ﺃﺗﺮﻙ ﻭﻗﺪ.
٩-ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ُﻫﻢﺮﺫﻛ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﻸﻋﻼﻡ ُﻢَﺮﺟﺗﹸﺃ.
١٠-ﺃﺳﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﱢﻞﻛ ﳍﻮﺍﻣﺶ ًّﺎﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠ ﹰﺎﺗﺮﻗﻴﻤ ﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻣﺶ ﻋﻨﺪ.
١١-ﺗﺸﺘﻤ ﻓﻬﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻬﻧﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ،ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻞ
ﻭﻓﻬـﺮﺱ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ
ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﹸﺔﱠﻄﺧ:
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ:ﱠﺤﻴﺢﺼﺍﻟ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻣﻦ ﻭﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﻭﺻﻮﺭ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ.
ﱢﻣﺔﺪﺍﳌﻘ:ﻭﻣﻨـ ،ﻟﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﱠﺔﻴﺃﳘ ﹸﻥﺑﻴﺎ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎﰲ ﻬﺠﻲ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ.
- 8. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ١١
ﲤﻬﻴﺪ:ﱠﺎﻟﻴﺔﺘﺍﻟ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﱠﻦﻤﻭﻳﺘﻀ:
ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ُﻒﺗﻌﺮﻳ.
ﱠﺎﱐﺜﺍﻟ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:ُﻪﺑﻭﺁﺩﺍ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﹸﻁﺷﺮﻭ.
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﹸﺔﺇﺟﺎﺑ.
ﻣﻄﻠﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ:
ﱠﻝﻭﺍﻷ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ:ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ ُﺏﺃﺳﺒﺎ.
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ:ﻳﺴﺘ ﻭﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺠﺎﺏ.
ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ:ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﹸﺔﺣﻘﻴﻘ:
ﻓﺼﻼﻥ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ:
ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ:ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ُﻒﺗﻌﺮﻳ.
ﻣﺒﺤﺜﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ:
ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:ﱡﻐﺔﻠﺍﻟ ﰲ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ.
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﰲ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ.
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ:ﺃﻧﻮﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ُﻉﺍ.
ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ:
ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ.
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ.
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ.
ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:ﺍﳌﻜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ.
ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ.
- 9. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ١٢
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ:ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ:
ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ:
ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ:ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ.
ﻣﺒﺤﺜﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ:
ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ.
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ.
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ:ﺍﳊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀﺞ.
ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ:
ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:ﻭﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ
ﻋﺮﻓﺔ.
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ:ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ.
ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ:
ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻹﻓﻄﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ.
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ:ﻭﺍﻟﺴ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﳕﺎﺫﺝﻨﺔ.
ﻭﻓﻴﻪ:
ﺧﺎﲤﺔ:ﻭﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ.
ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺎﺭﺱ.
- 10. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ١٣
ٌﺮﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳ ٌﺮﺷﻜ
ﺍﷲ ﺃﲪﺪ ﱢﻲﻧﻭﺇ ﻫﺬﺍ-ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ-ﻭﻻ ﱡﺪَـﻌُﺗ ﻻ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻧﻌﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻋﺘﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰﻳﻦ ﱠﻱﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﺃﺷﻜﺮ ﰒ َﻰﺼْﺤُﺗ
ﻭﺃﺩﻋﻮ ،ﺣﻴﺎﰐ ﰲ ُﱪﺍﻷﻛ ُﺮﺍﻷﺛ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺍﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎﻥ؛ﱠﺍﻋﻴـﺔﺪﺍﻟ ﻟﻮﺍﻟـﺪﻱ
ﱠﻴﺦﺸﺍﻟ/ّﲪﺔﺮﻭﺍﻟ ﺑﺎﳌﻐﻔﺮﺓ ّﻲﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻠ ﲪﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ.
ﻭﺗـﻮﻓﲑ ﱠﺸﺠﻴﻊﺘﻭﺍﻟ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻧﺔ ﰲ ﺍﷲ َﺪﺑﻌ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻴﱵ ﻷﻫﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ
ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﱢﻼﻉﻃﻟﻼ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﱢﻮﺍﳉ.
ﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻭﺯﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺃﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ.ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺗـﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺮﻳﺒﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ
ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ،ﱄ ﻭﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺗﻪ/ﳏﱠـﻴﺦﺸﺍﻟ ﺃﺧـﻲ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺸﲑ ﻤﺪ
ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﱠﻉﺮﺃﺗﻀ ﻛﻤﺎ ،ﺟﻬﻮﺩﳘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﻥ ﱠﺍﻋﻴﺔﺪﺍﻟ-ﺳـﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ-ﺃﻥ
ﺩ ﺷﻴﺨﻲ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﱢﻲﻨﻋ َﻱﳚﺰ.َـﻪﺘﻣﺜﻮﺑ ﳚﺰﻝ ﻭﺃﻥ ،ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﹶﻞﺃﻓﻀ ﱡﺮﺍﰊﺘﺍﻟ ﺑﺎﺑﻜﺮ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﹶﻞﹶﺒﻗ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻩ؛ ﰲ َﻙﻭﻳﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﻳﻨﻔﻊ َﻪﺘﻋﺎﻗﺒ ﻭﳛﺴﻦ
ﺑﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻫﺬﺍﻫـﺎﺩﻑ ﻭﻧﻘـﺪ ﻓﺎﺣﺼﺔ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ َﻪ؛ﻌَﺑﻭﺗﺎ ﺭﺣﺐ
َﻩﺮﺃﺟ ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻟﻪ ُﷲﺍ َﺮﹶﻜَﺸﹶﻓ ،ﺍﳊﺎﱐ ﺍﻷﺏ َﻖﹸﻠُﺧ ﻓﻴﻪ ُﺕﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﺳﺪﻳﺪ؛ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ.
ﱠـﺪﺍﺩﺴﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﻮﻓﻴﻖﺘﺑـﺎﻟ ﺍﳋـﺎﻟﺺ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﻭﺍﻟـ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﻞ ﱡﻜﺮﺸﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﻡﺪﺃﺗﻘ ﱢﻲﻧﻭﺇ
ﻣـﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱢﻲﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺃﻡ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ
ْﻭﹶﺃﻭﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﱠﻌﻠﻴﻢﺘﺍﻟ ﹶﻮﺍﻟ.
ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺃﻋﺎﻧﲏ ﻳﻔﻴﺪﱐ ﻣﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺷﺪﱐ َﻦﻣ ﱠﻞﻛ ﺃﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺑﺎﳉﻤﻠﺔ
ﺍﻹﺳﻬﺎﻡ ﰲ ﱢﻲﻨﻣ ﹰﺔﳏﺎﻭﻟ ﹼﻞﺍﳌﻘ ﺟﻬﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﹶﺚﺍﻟﺒﺤ ﻫﺬﺍ ﱢﻡﺪﺃﻗ ﺍﳋﺘﺎﻡ ﻭﰲ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺍﻟﻌﻴـﺐ ﻣـﻦ ٌﺀﺑـﺮﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﱟﻥﻇﺎ ﻏﲑ ﱠﺔﻴﱠﺮﻋﺸﺍﻟ ﱠﺔﻴﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤ ﱢﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ
ﻭﺍﻟﱢﻫﻦﺬﺍﻟ ﻭﻓﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﻀﺎﻋﱵ ﱠﺔﻠﺑﻘ ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﻘﺎﻥ؛ ﺍﳉﻮﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠﻋﻲﺩﹶﺃ ﻭﻻ ،ﱠﻘﺺﻨ..
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﱢﺏﺭ ﷲ ُﺪﻭﺍﳊﻤ ،ﱠﺪﺍﺩﺴﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﻮﻓﻴﻖﺘﺍﻟ ﱢﻲﻈﺣ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﺄﻝ َﷲﻭﺍ...
- 12. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ١٥
ﲤﻬﻴﺪ
ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ُﻒﺗﻌﺮﻳ
ﱠﺎﻟﻴﺔﺘﺍﻟ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﱠﻦﻤﻭﻳﺘﻀ:
ﱠﻝﻭﺍﻷ ﹸﺚﺍﳌﺒﺤ:ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ُﻒﺗﻌﺮﻳ.
ﺍﳌﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺒﺤﺚ:ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ.
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ:ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ.
ﻣﻄﻠﺒﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﳛﺘﻮﻱ:
ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ:ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ.
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ:ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ.
- 14. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ١٧
ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ:
ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﹸﻞﺃﺻ:ﻗﻮﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ:ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺃﺩﻋﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ُﺕﺩﻋﻮ.
ﺍﳌﺼ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍﺍﻻﺳﻢ َﻡﻣﻘﺎ َﺭﺪ:ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ.ﺗﻘـﻮﻝ ﻛﻤﺎ:ﲰﻌـﺖ
ﹰﺎﺻﻮﺗ.ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﻛﻤﺎ:ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﲰﻊ ﱠﻢﺍﻟﻠﻬ.ﺍﻻﺳـﻢ؛ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ُﺭﺍﳌﺼﺪ َﻊﺿﻳﻮ ﻭﻗﺪ
ﻛﻘﻮﳍﻢ:ﻋﺪﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ)١(
.
ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﹲﺫﻣﺄﺧﻮ ﻭﻫﻮ)ﺩﻋﻮ(ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﱠﻲﺀﺸﺍﻟ ﺇﻣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﰲ ﱡﻝﺗﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ
ﻣﻨﻚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﻛﻼﻡ ﺑﺼﻮﺕ)٢(
.
ﱠﺪﺑﻌ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻭﻗﺪﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻥ ﺓ)٣(
:
١-ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ:ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﹸﻪﻟﻗﻮ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ:َﻚُـﻌﹶﻔْﻨَﻳ ﹶﺎﻟ َﺎﻣ ِﻪﱠﻠﺍﻟ ِﻥُﻭﺩ ْﻦِﻣ ُﻉْﺪَﺗ ﹶﺎﻟَﻭ
َﲔِﻤِﻟﱠﺎﻈﺍﻟ َﻦِﻣ ﹰﺍﺫﹺﺇ َﻚﱠﻧﹺﺈﹶﻓ َﺖﹾﻠَﻌﹶﻓ ﹾﻥﹺﺈﹶﻓ َﻙﱡﺮُﻀَﻳ ﹶﺎﻟَﻭ] .ﻳﻮﻧﺲ:١٠٦.[
٢-ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﺎﺛﺔ:ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ:ِﻪﱠﻠﺍﻟ ِﻥُﻭﺩ ْﻦِﻣ ْﻢﹸﻛَﺀَﺍﺪَﻬُﺷ ُﻮﺍﻋْﺩَﺍﻭﹾﻥﹺﺇ
َﲔِﻗِﺩَﺎﺻ ْﻢُﺘْﻨﹸﻛ] .ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ:٢٣.[
٣-ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ:ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ:ُﻭﺍﺩﹶﺎﻛ ُﻩُﻮﻋْﺪَﻳ ِﻪﱠﻠﺍﻟ ُﺪْﺒَﻋ َﻡﹶﺎﻗ ﱠﺎﻤﹶﻟ ُﻪﱠﻧﹶﺃَﻭ
ًﺍﺪَﺒِﻟ ِﻪْﻴﹶﻠَﻋ ﹶﻥُﻮﻧﹸﻮﻜَﻳ] .ﺍﳉﻦ:١٩.[
٤-ﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍﺀ:ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ:ْﺮِﺼَﺘْﻧﹶﺎﻓ ٌﺏﹸﻮﻠْﻐَﻣ ﱢﻲﻧﹶﺃ ُﻪﱠﺑَﺭ َﺎﻋَﺪﹶﻓ] .ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ:١٠[.
٥-ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ:ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ:ﱠﻢُـﻬﱠﻠﺍﻟ َﻚَﻧَﺎﺤْﺒُـﺳ َـﺎﻬِﻴﻓ ْﻢُﻫَﺍﻮْﻋَﺩ
ٌﻡﹶﺎﻠَﺳ َﺎﻬِﻴﻓ ْﻢُﻬُﺘﱠﻴِﺤَﺗَﻭ] .ﻳﻮﻧﺲ:١٠.[
)١(ﺩ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ،ﻟﻠﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ/ﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ١١٤٠٧ﺹ ﻫـ٣٥.
)٢(،ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﺠﻢ)٢/٢٧٩.(
)٣(ﺹ ،ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ٨.
- 15. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ١٨
٦-ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ:ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ:ﱢـﻲﻨَﻋ ِﻱﺩَﺎﺒِﻋ َﻚﹶﻟﹶﺄَﺳ ﹶﺍﺫﹺﺇَﻭ
ِﻥَﺎﻋَﺩ ﹶﺍﺫﹺﺇ ﹺﻉﱠﺍﺪﺍﻟ ﹶﺓَﻮْﻋَﺩ ُﺐﹺﻴﺟﹸﺃ ٌﺐﹺﻳﺮﹶﻗ ﱢﻲﻧﹺﺈﹶﻓ] .ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ:١٨٦.[
٧-ﱠﻨﺎﺀﺜﺍﻟ:ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ:َﺎﻣ ﺎﻳﹶﺃ َﻦَﻤْﺣﱠﺮﺍﻟ ُﻮﺍﻋْﺩﺍ ﹺﻭﹶﺃ َﻪﱠﻠﺍﻟ ُﻮﺍﻋْﺩﺍ ﹺﻞﹸﻗ
َﻰﻨْﺴُﺤﹾﻟﺍ ُﺀَﺎﻤْﺳﹶﺄﹾﻟﺍ ُﻪﹶﻠﹶﻓ ُﻮﺍﻋْﺪَﺗ] .ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺀ:١١٠.[
ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﰲ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ:
١-ﻭﺟﻞ ﻋﺰ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻫﻮ.
٢-ﺍﳋﻄﺎﰊ ﻗﺎﻝ)١(
" :ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﻌﲎ:ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎﺀﱠﻪﺑﺭ ﺪ-ﱠﻞﻭﺟـ ﱠﺰﻋ-
ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧﺔ ﱠﺎﻩﻳﺇ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ)٢(
.
ﻭﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﻪ:ﲰـﺔ ﻭﻫـﻮ ﱠﺓ؛ﻮﻭﺍﻟﻘ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﱡﺅﱪﻭﺍﻟﺘ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﻘﺎﺭ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ
ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱠﻨﺎﺀﺜﺍﻟ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ،ﱠﺔﻳﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﱠﺔﻟﱢﺬﺍﻟ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﱠﺔﻳﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺩ-ﱠﻞﻭﺟـ ﱠﺰﻋـ-
ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﺍﳉﻮﺩ ﻭﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ)٣(
.
ﺍ ﱠﻓﻪﺮﻭﻋﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ)٤(
ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ" :ﻣﺎ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ،ﱠﺍﻋﻲﺪﺍﻟ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻫﻮ
ُﻪﻌﺩﻓ ﺃﻭ ،ﱡﻩﺮﻳﻀ)٥(
.
)١(ﻟﻪ ،ﱢﺛﺎﺪﳏ ﺃﺩﻳﺒﺎ ﻓﻘﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ،ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﻮ
ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻌﺔ؛ ﱠﺼﺎﻧﻴﻒﺘﺍﻟ"ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ"ﻭﺃﻋﻼﻡ ،ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻨﻦ ﺷﺮﺡ ﰲ ﱠﺔﻨﱡﺴﺍﻟ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﱂ
ﺑﺎﻟ ﲰﻊ ،ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻏﲑ ،ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺷﺄﻥ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺮﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻌﺮﺍﻕ
ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ،ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﺯ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻭﺃﺑﺎ
ﰲ ﺑﺒﺴﺖ ﱢﻲﻓﺗﻮ ،ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺎﺭ
ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺷﻬﺮ٣٨٨ﻫـ.ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ)٢/٢١٤..(
)٢(ﺹ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺎﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺷﺄﻥ٤.
)٣(ﺹ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺎﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺷﺄﻥ٤.
)٤(ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺸﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻋﻲ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ
ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻳﺔ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ٦٩١ﰲ ﺑﺮﻉ ،ﺑﻪ ﻭﺗﺄﺛﺮ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻭﲰﻊ ﻫـ
ﰲ ﺗﻮﰲ ،ﱠﻠﻒﺴﺍﻟ ﻣﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﰲ ﱠﺮﺤﻭﺗﺒ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﰲ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﲨﻴﻊ
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ٧٥١،ﻫـ)ﻟﻠﺰﺭﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ)٦/٥٦.(
)٥(ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺯ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻧﺸﺮ ،ﻋﻄﺎ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ،ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ–،ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻣﻜﺔ
ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ١٤١٦،ﻫـ٣/٥١٣.
- 16. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ١٩
ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﱠﻏﺒﺔﺮﻭﺍﻟ ﱡﺆﺍﻝﺴﺑﺎﻟ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﹸﻝﺍﻻﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﱠﻪﻧﺑﺄ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﱠﻓﻪﺮﻭﻋ
ﺍﳌﺮﻫﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﱠﺠﺎﺓﻨﻭﺍﻟ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﱡﻉﺮﱠﻀﺘﻭﺍﻟ ﺍﳋﲑ)١(
.
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ" :ﻳ ﺭﲪﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺎﺭﺣﻴﻢ ﺎ"ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ)٢(
.
ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ُﺀﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ُﺀﺩﻋﺎ:
ُﺀﺩﻋـﺎ ﻭﳘﺎ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﱠﻪﻧﻓﺈ ﱠﺔﻨﱡﺴﻭﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰲ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﱡﻞﻛ
ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ُﺀﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ)٣(
.
ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ُﻒﺗﻌﺮﻳ:ﱠﻩﺮُﺿ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻪ ﻣﺎ ﱠﺍﻋﻲﺪﺍﻟ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻮ.
ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ:ﳉﻤﻴ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﻮﱠﻥﻷ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ؛ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﻊ
ﺍﻟﻌﺒـﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻠﻚ ُﷲﺍ ﹶﻞﱠﺒﻳﺘﻘ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﺍﻉ ٌﺐﻃﺎﻟ ﷲ َﺪﱢﺒﺍﳌﺘﻌ
ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻹﺛﺎﺑﺔ.
ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ُﻡُﺯﺗﻼ:
َﷲﺍ ﱠﻥﺃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺘﻼﺯﻣﺎﻥ؛ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﱠﻥﺃ ﻟﻨﺎ ﱠﻦﻴﻳﺘﺒ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻦ-
ﱠﻞﻭﺟ ﱠﺰﻋ-ﱠﻔﻊﻨﺍﻟ ﳉﻠﺐ َﻰﻋُﺪﻳًﺀﻭﺭﺟﺎ ﹰﺎﺧﻮﻓ َﻰﻋُﺪﻳﻭ ،ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ َﺀﺩﻋﺎ ّﺮﱡﻀﺍﻟ ﻭﺩﻓﻊ
ﻟـﺪﻋﺎﺀ ٌﻡﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﱡﻞﻓﻜ ﻣﺘﻼﺯﻣﺎﻥ؛ ﱠﻮﻋﲔﻨﺍﻟ ﱠﻥﺃ ُﻠﻢﻌﻓ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ؛ َﺀﺩﻋﺎ
ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ٌﻦﱢﻤﻣﺘﻀ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﱡﻞﻭﻛ ،ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ)٤(
.
)١(ﺹ ﺍﳋﻀﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ١٠.
)٢(ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺷﻌﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ)١/٥٢٢.(
)٣(ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪﺳﻌﺪﻱ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻥ١/١٦٦.
)٤(،ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ٣/٥١٣.
- 17. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ٢٠
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ
ُﻪﺑﻭﺁﺩﺍ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﹸﻁﺷﺮﻭ
ﺑﻪ ﱠﺼﻒﺘﻳ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ َﺏﺁﺩﺍ ﱠﻥﺇﻭﺍﻷﺣـﻮﺍﻝ ﱢﻔﺎﺕﺼﺍﻟ ﻣﻦ ﱠﺍﻋﻲﺪﺍﻟ
َﻨﺒﻐـﻲﻳ ﺍﻟﱵ َﺏﺍﻵﺩﺍ ﺫﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ َﻊﱠﺳﺗﻮ ﻭﻗﺪ ،ﺍﺪﺟ ﹲﺓﻛﺜﲑ
ﺧﺼﻠﺔ ﱠﻞﻛ ﱠﻨﻮﺍﻴﺑ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ؛ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﱠﻨﻮﺍﻴﻭﺑ ﻬﺑﺎ َﻠﺘﺰﻡﻳ ﺃﻥ ﱠﺍﻋﻲﺪﻟﻠ
ﺍﻟ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﱠﺔﻨﱡﺴﻭﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻬﺎﻠﺩﻟﻴ ﱠﻨﻮﺍﻴﻭﺑ ،ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺧﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻦﻛﻤـﺎ ،ﹶﻒﻠﱠﺴ
ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺟﻰ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ُﺮﺟﻰﺗ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﱠﻨﻮﺍﻴﺑ
ﺃﻟﻔـﺎﻅ ﱠﻨﻮﺍﻴﺑ ﻛﻤﺎ ،ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺟﻰ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﱠﻨﻮﺍﻴﻭﺑ ،ﻏﲑﻫﺎ
ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻭﺗﻨـﺰﻳﻪ ﻭﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻭﻋﱪ ﻭﺍﺑﺘﻬﺎﻻﺕ ﱠﺪﺓﻴﻭﺍﳌﻘ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﹶﻘﺔﻠﺍﳌﻄ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺩﻋﻴﺔ
ﻭ ،ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﷲﻭﻣﻮﺍﻧﻌﻬﺎ ﳍﺎ َﻠﺰﻡﻳ ﻭﻣﺎ ،ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﱠﻖﻠﻳﺘﻌ ﻣﺎ ﱠﻨﻮﺍﻴَﺑ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ)١(
.
ﻷﻣﻮﺭﻭﺫﻟﻚﹰ؛ﺎﺷﺮﻭﻃﻭﻟﻴﺲﺍﺏﺩﺁﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔﰲﻫﻮﱡﺮﻭﻁﺸﺍﻟﻣﻦُﺀﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﱠﻩﺪﻋﻣﺎﱡﻞﻓﻜ:
١-،ُﻡﺍﻟﻌﺪ َﻣﻪﺪَﻋ ﻣﻦ َﻠﺰﻡﻳ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﹶﺢﻠﺍﳌﺼﻄ ﱠﺮﻁﺸﺍﻟ ﱡﺪﺣ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻻ ﱠﻪﻧﺃ
ﱠﻥﻷ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ؛ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ ﻣﻦ َﻠﺰﻡﻳ ﻭﻻﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﹸﻥﺑﻄﻼ ﻣﻨﻪ َﻠﺰﻡﻳ ﻻ ﱡﺮﻭﻁﺸﺍﻟ ﻫﺬﻩ َﻡﻋﺪ.
٢-ﹰﺎﺁﺩﺍﺑـ ُﻬﻢﻀﺑﻌ ﱠﺎﻫﺎﻤﻓﺴ ﹰ؛ﺎﺷﺮﻭﻃ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱠﻔﻘﻮﺍﺘﻳ ﱂ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﱠﻥﺃ
ﹰﺎﺃﺭﻛﺎﻧ ﱠﺎﻫﺎﲰ ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﹰﺎﻭﺳﻨﻨ)٢(
.
ﻫﻲ ّﺮﻭﻁﺸﺍﻟ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ:
١-ﱠﻮﺣﻴﺪﺘﺍﻟ:ﱠﺎﻟﺇ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ َﺭﻗﺎﺩ ﻻ ﱠﻪﻧﺑﺄ ﹰﺎﻋﺎﳌ ﹶﻥﻳﻜﻮ ﺃﻥ ﱠﺍﻋﻲﺪﺍﻟ ﹸﻁﺷﺮ
ﻭﺃ ،ﺍﷲﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ؛ ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺋﻪ ﱠﺘﻪﻴﺭﺑﻮﺑ ﰲ ﷲ ًﺍﺪﱢﺣﻣﻮ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺃﻥ ،ﺑﻴﺪﻩ َﺮﺍﻷﻣ ﱠﻥ
ﺗﻌﺎﱃ:َﺀﱡﻮﺴﺍﻟ ُﻒِﺸﹾﻜَﻳَﻭ ُﻩَﺎﻋَﺩ ﹶﺍﺫﹺﺇ ﱠﺮﹶﻄْﻀُﻤﹾﻟﺍ ُﺐﹺﻴﺠُﻳ ْﻦﱠﻣﹶﺃ] .ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻞ:٦٢[،
ﻣﻌـﻪ؛ َﻩﲑﻏ َﻮﻳﺪﻋ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭ ،ﺍﷲ َﲑﻏ ﹶﻝَﺴﺄﻳ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻓﻼ ﺍﷲ؛ ﱠﺎﻟﺇ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﻻ ﻭﺃﻥ
ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﺎﻝ:ﱠﻥﹶﺃَﻭًﺍﺪَﺣﹶﺃ ِﻪﱠﻠﺍﻟ َﻊَﻣ ُﻮﺍﻋْﺪَﺗ ﹶﺎﻠﹶﻓ ِﻪﱠﻠِﻟ َﺪﹺﺟَﺎﺴَﻤﹾﻟﺍ] .ﺍﳉﻦ:١٨.[
)١(ﻟﻠﻌﺮﻭﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ)١/١٦٣.(
)٢(ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ)١/١٦٥.(
- 18. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ٢١
٢-ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺧﻼﺹ:ﱠﻥﻷ ﻭﺃﻭﻛـﺪﻫﺎ؛ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻫﺬﻩ ﱢﻢﺃﻫ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻫﻮ
ﻭﻗﺪ ،ﺍﳌﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﹰﺎﳐﺮﺟ ﹰﺎﺻﺮﳛ ﹰﺎﺷﺮﻛ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﹰﺓﺗﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﷲ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﺇﺧﻼﺹ َﻡﻋﺪ
ﳝﻜﻦ ﻻ ﹰﺎﳏﺒﻄ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ؛ ﹰﺎﺷﺮﻛ ﻳﻜﻮﻥﻭﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ.
ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ-ﺗﻌﺎﱃ-ﻓﻘـﺎﻝ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺑﺎﻹﺧﻼﺹ:َﻪﱠـﻠﺍﻟ ُﻮﺍﻋْﺩﹶـﺎﻓ
ﹶﻥُﻭﺮِﻓﹶﺎﻜﹾﻟﺍ َﻩﹺﺮﹶﻛ ْﻮﹶﻟَﻭ َﻦﱢﻳﺪﺍﻟ ُﻪﹶﻟ َﲔِﺼِﻠْﺨُﻣ]ﻏﺎﻓﺮ:١٤.[
ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ:َﻦﱢﻳﺪﺍﻟـ ُﻪﹶـﻟ َﲔِﺼِﻠْﺨُﻣ ُﻩُﻮﻋْﺩﹶﺎﻓ َﻮُﻫ ﱠﺎﻟﹺﺇ َﻪﹶﻟﹺﺇ ﹶﺎﻟ ﱡﻲَﺤﹾﻟﺍ َﻮُﻫ
ِﻪﱠﻠِﻟ ُﺪْﻤَﺤﹾﻟﺍَﲔِﻤﹶﻟَﺎﻌﹾﻟﺍ ﱢﺏَﺭ]ﻏﺎﻓﺮ:٦٥.[
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ-ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﱠﺰَﻋ:ْﻢﹸﻛﹶﺃَﺪَـﺑ َـﺎﻤﹶﻛ َﻦﱢﻳﺪﺍﻟـ ُﻪﹶﻟ َﲔِﺼِﻠْﺨُﻣ ُﻩُﻮﻋْﺩَﺍﻭ
ﹶﻥُﻭﺩُﻮﻌَﺗ]ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ:٢٩.[
ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﹸﻆﺍﳊﺎﻓ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ)١(
-ﺍﷲ ﺭﲪﻪ:ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﱠﺖﻟﺩ ﻭﻗﺪ-ﻗﻮﻟـﻪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ
ﺗﻌﺎﱃ:ْﻤَﺤﹾﻟﺍ َﻦﱢﻳﺪﺍﻟ ُﻪﹶﻟ َﲔِﺼِﻠْﺨُﻣ ُﻩُﻮﻋْﺩﹶﺎﻓَﲔِﻤﹶﻟَـﺎﻌﹾﻟﺍ ﱢﺏَﺭ ِﻪﱠﻠِﻟ ُﺪ]ﻏـﺎﻓﺮ:
٦٥[-ﺑﺎﻹﺧﻼﺹ ﹲﺔَﻃﺮﻣﺸﺘ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﱠﻥﺃ)٢(
.
ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ُﻦﺍﺑ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ-ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺿﻲ" :ﻭﻻ ،ﻣﺴـﻤﻊ ﻣـﻦ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻻ ﺍﷲ ﱠﻥﺇ
ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﹰﺎﺛﺒﺘ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﹰﺎﺩﺍﻋﻴ ﱠﺎﻟﺇ ﺩﺍﻉ ﻭﻻ ،ﻻﻋﺐ ﻭﻻ ،ﻣﺮﺍﺀ")٣(
.
)١(ﰲ ﻭﻟﺪ ،ﹼﱐﺍﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ،ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺷﻴﺦ
ﺍﻟﻌ ﻃﻠﺐ ﰲ ﹶﻞَﺣَﺭ ،ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮﻠﻢ
ﳓﻮ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﱠﻔﺎﺕﻟﻣﺆ ﻭﻟﻪ ،ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺇﱃ)١٥٠(َﺔﻌﱠﺴﺍﻟ ﻣﻦ َﺖﻌَﻤَﺟ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ
ﰲ ﱢﻲﻓﺗﻮ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺷﺮﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺃﻋﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ،ﻟﻐﲑﻫﺎ ﻳﻜﻦ ﱂ ﻣﺎ ﱠﺤﻘﻴﻖﺘﻭﺍﻟ
ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮ٢٨ﻋﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺫﻱ٨٥٢ﱠﺎﻣﻊﻠﺍﻟ ﱠﻮﺀﻀﺍﻟ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ،ﻫـ١/٢٦٨.
)٢(ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﺘﺢ)١١/٩٥.(
)٣(ﺹ ﱡﻫﺪﺰﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ٢٠ﺭﻗﻢ٨٣ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﰲ ّﻱﻭﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ ﱡﻫﺪﺰﺍﻟ ﰲ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ
ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ٢/٦٥ﺭﻗﻢ٦٠٦ﱡﲏﱠﺍﺭﻗﻄﺪﺍﻟ ﻗﺎﻝ ،ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ:ﻛﻼﻡ ﻣﻦ ﳏﻔﻮﻅ ﻭﻫﻮ
ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﺑﻦ) .ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻞ٢/٨٤٠.(
- 19. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ٢٢
٣-ﱠﺳﻮﻝﺮﻟﻠ ﹸﺔَﻌﺑﺍﳌﺘﺎﺩﻋﺎﺋﻪ ﰲ:ﻋ َﺀﱡﻋﺎﺪﺍﻟ ﱠﻥﻓﺈَﻨﺒﻐـﻲﻴﹶﻓ ﱠﺔ؛ﻴﺗﻮﻗﻴﻔ ﺒﺎﺩﺓ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭ ،ﱠﺔﻨﱡﺴﻭﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﱠﻪﺑﺭ َﻮﻳﺪﻋ ﺃﻥ ﱠﺍﻋﻲﺪﻟﻠ
ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻳﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﱠﺎﻟﺃ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ.
٤-ﺍﳌﻄﻌﻢ ﺇﻃﺎﺑﺔ:ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱡﻋﺎﺀ؛ﺪﺍﻟ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻫﻮ:َـﺎﻤﱠﻧﹺﺇ
ﱠﺘُﻤﹾﻟﺍ َﻦِﻣ ُﻪﱠﻠﺍﻟ ﹸﻞﱠﺒﹶﻘَﺘَﻳَﲔِﻘ]ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ:٢٧[ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ،:
»ﱢﺒﺎﻴﹶﻃ ﱠﺎﻟﺇ َﻘﺒﻞﻳ ﻻ ٌﺐﱢﻴﹶﻃ َﷲﺍ ﱠﻥﺇً«ﺃﻏـﱪ ﺃﺷﻌﺚ َﺮﹶﻔﱠﺴﺍﻟ ُﻄﻴﻞﻳ ﹶﻞﱠﺟﺮﺍﻟ َﺮﹶﻛﹶﺫ ﱠﰒ ،
ﱠﻤﺎﺀﺴﺍﻟ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﱡﺪﳝ:ﺭﺏ ﻳﺎ ،ﺭﺏ ﻳﺎ.،ﺣـﺮﺍﻡ ُﻪﺑﻭﻣﺸـﺮ ،ﺣـﺮﺍﻡ ُﻪﻤﻭﻣﻄﻌ
ُﺴﺘﺠﺎﻳ ﱠﻰﻧﻓﺄ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﺍﻡ؛ َﻱﱢﺬﹸﻏﻭ ،ﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﻣﻠﺒﺴﻪﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺏ«.ﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ّﺕﺩﺭ ﻓﻘﺪ
،ﺍﻷﻳـﺪﻱ ﻭﺭﻓـﻊ ﱡﻝﺬﱠﺒﺘﺍﻟ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠﺮﺕﻓﺗﻮ ﻗﺪ ﱠﻪﻧﺃ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ
ﱡـﻞﻤﻭﲢ ﺍﻷﻭﻃـﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﻄﻮﻝ ﱠﻔﺲﻨﺍﻟ ﺍﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﹸﺔﱠﻨﻣﻈ ﻫﻮ ﹶﺮﻔﱠﺴﺍﻟ ﹸﻝﻭﻃﻮ
ّﻕﺍﳌﺸﺎ.
٥-ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ُﻡﻋﺪ:ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﺎﻝ:ًﺎﻋﱡﺮَـﻀَﺗ ْﻢﹸـﻜﱠﺑَﺭ ُﻮﺍﻋْﺩﺍ
ﹾﻔُﺧَﻭَﻦِﻳﺪَﺘْﻌُﻤﹾﻟﺍ ﱡﺐِﺤُﻳ ﹶﺎﻟ ُﻪﱠﻧﹺﺇ ﹰﺔَﻴ] .ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻑ:٥٥[ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ،
ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ.
٦-ﺣﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﻦ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻳﺸﻐﻞ ﱠﺎﻟﺃ:ﻳﺸـﺘﻐﻞ ﻛﺄﻥ
ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻳﺪﻉ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻒ ﲝﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ
ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ.
ﻗﻴﻞ ﻭﻗﺪ:ﺷﺮﺍﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﹸﻂﺋ:
*ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺣﻔﻆ.
*ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻣﻊ ﱢﺴﺎﻥﻠﺍﻟ ﺣﻔﻆ.
- 20. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ٢٣
*ﳛﻞ ﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺇﱃ ﱠﻈﺮﻨﺍﻟ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﺣﻔﻆ.
*ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﻭﺣﻔﻆ)١(
.
٧-ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ:ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ َﺮﺣﺎﺿ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﱠﺍﻋﻲﺪﻟﻠ ﱠﺪﻓﻼﺑ
ﻳﻠﻴﻖ ﻻ ﺇﺫ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻩ؛ َﻦﻣ ﻋﻈﻤﺔ ﹰﺍﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﳌﺎ ﹰﺎﱢﻤﻬﻣﺘﻔﺃﻥ ﱠﻟﻴﻞﺬﺍﻟـ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒـﺪ
ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻋﺘﺎﺩ ﻗﺪ ﻭﲜﻤﻞ ،ﱠﺍﻋﻲﺪﺍﻟ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﻴﻪ ﻻ ﺑﻜﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﻮﻻﻩ ﱠﻪﺑﺭ َﺐﳜﺎﻃ
ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺳـﺎﻝ؛ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲡﺮﻱ ﺃﻭ ،ﻟﻔﺤﻮﺍﻫﺎ ﻓﻬﻢ
ﻗﺎﻝ:»ﻻﻩ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ًﺀﺩﻋﺎ َﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐﻳ ﻻ َﷲﺍ ﱠﻥﺃ ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ«)٢(
ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ ،
َﻭﻱﻮﱠﻨﺍﻟّ)٣(
" :ﻣ ﱠﻥﺃ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻢ،ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﻪ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ُﺭﺣﻀﻮ ﻫﻮ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ َﺩﻘﺼﻮ
ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺿﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ،َﺮﺼُﺤﺗ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ُﺮﺃﻛﺜ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﹸﻞﱠﻻﺋﺪﻭﺍﻟ")٤(
.
)١(ﺹ ،ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ١٣٩.ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ.
)٢(ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ)٣٤٧٩(ﱠﺪﺍﻟ ،ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ،ﻋﻮﺍﺕ٤٩٤ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ،:ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻫﺬﺍ
ّﻲﺍﳍﻴﺜﻤ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ،ﱢﺟﺎﻩﺮﳜ ﻭﱂ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﱠﺎﺩﻫﺯ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ّ؛ﻱّﺮﺍﳌ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺑﻪ ﱠﺩﺮﺗﻔ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ:
ﺣﺴﻦ ُﻩﺩﺇﺳﻨﺎ) .١٠/١٤٨.(
)٣(ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺸﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺮﻑ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﻫﻮ
ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﺍﻥ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻧﻮﻯ٦٣١ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﺗﻮﱃ ﻧﻮﻯ ﰲ ﻫـ
ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﰊ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻦ ﲰﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺣﻀﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻧﺸﺄ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻪ
ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺳﻲ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ:ﺍﳉﻌﻔﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ
ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺃﰊ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﻻﺭﺑﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ ،ﺣﺒﻮﺍﻥ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺷﻬﺎﺏ
،ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﻱﺍﻟﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﻞ١/٢.
)٤(ﺹ ﺍﻷﺫﻛﺎﺭ٣٩١.
- 21. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ٢٤
ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ُﺏﺁﺩﺍ:
ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ ﻛـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ ﹰﺎﺷﺮﻭﻃ ﻟﻠﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﱠﻥﺃ ﻛﻤﺎ
ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﲑﺟﻰ ،ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ.
ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻃﻮﺷﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ)١(
" :ﺍﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ-ﺃﺭﺍﷲ ﺷﺪﻛﻢ-ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﹰﺎﺁﺩﺍﺑ ﻟﻠﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﱠﻥﺃ
ﺷـﺮﻭﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱢﲑﺓﺴﺍﻟ ﺗﻠﻚ ﻟﺰﻡ َﻦﻣﻭ ،ﻟﻪ ﱢﻲﻓﻭ ﱠﻰﻓﻭ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻣﻔﺮﻭﺿﺔ؛ ﹰﺎﻭﺷﺮﻭﻃ
ﺧﻼﻝ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﱠﻖﺍﺳﺘﺤ ﺑﺎﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﱠﻞﺃﺧ َﻦﻣﻭ ،ﺳﺄﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻴﻞ ﱠﻚَﺷ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ:ﺍﳌﻘﺖ
ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ")٢(
:
١-ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱠﻼﺓﺼﻭﺍﻟ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱠﻨﺎﺀﺜﺍﻟ:ﻓﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﻌﻦ
ﻗﺎﻝ:ﺍﷲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺇﺫ ﻗﺎﻋﺪ:،ﱄ ﺍﻏﻔـﺮ ﺍﻟﻠـﻬﻢ
ﻭﺍﺭﲪﲏ.ﺍﷲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ:»ﻓﻘﻌـﺪﺕ ﺻﻠﻴﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ،ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻲ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﻋﺠﻠﺖ
ﺍﺩﻋﻪ ﰒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺻﻞ ،ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻫﻮ ﲟﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺎﲪﺪ«.،ﺫﻟـﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﹲﻞﺭﺟ ﱠﻰﻠﺻ ﱠﰒ
ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱠﻰﻠﻭﺻ ،ﺍﷲ ﻓﺤﻤﺪﺍﻟـﻨ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ،ﱯ:»ﺍﺩﻉ ﺍﳌﺼـﻠﻲ ﺃﻳﻬـﺎ
ﲡﺐ«)٣(
.ﻭﻗﺎﻝ:»ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﺣﱴ ،ﳏﺠﻮﺏ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻛﻞ«)٤(
.ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﱠﻼﻡﺴﺍﻟ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺫﻱ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ:»ﻣـﺎ ﺍﻟﻨـﻮﻥ ﺫﻱ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ
)١(ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻧﻮﻗﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﺎﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻃﻮﺷﻲ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﻮ
٤٥٠ﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻃﺮﻃﻮﺷﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﻫـ.ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺟﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪﺙ
ﻭﺍﳌ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺪﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﳊﻨﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﻲﺑﻦ ﻬﺪﻱ
ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻳﺎ ﺯﺍﻫﺪﺍ ﻓﺎﺿﻼ ﻋﺎﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻣﺮﺕ:ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ،ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺳﺮﺍﺝ
ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﻮﰲ ،ﺍﳌﺄﺛﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﻉ٥٢٠ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﰲ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ٧/١٣٣.
)٢(ﺹ ﺍﳌﺄﺛﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ٤٤.
)٣(ﺑﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ)ﲡﺐ ﺍﺩﻉ ،ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻲ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ) (٥/٥١٦(ﺑﺮﻗﻢ)٣٤٧٦(ﻭﻗﺎﻝ
ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺃﺑﻮﺣﺴﻦ.
)٤(ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ)١/٢٢٠(ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺷﻌﺐ ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ،)٢/٢١٦(،
ﺍﳍﻴﺜﻤﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ)١٠/١٦٠(ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎ ﺛﻘﺎﺕ ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ.
- 22. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ٢٥
ﻛﺮﺑﺘﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺮﺝ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﺏ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺩﻋﺎ:ﻛﻨـﺖ ﺇﱐ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻚ ،ﺃﻧﺖ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﻻ
ﺍﻟﻈﺎﳌﲔ ﻣﻦ«.ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﰲ:»ﺃﺧﻲ ﺩﻋﻮﺓﺑﻄﻦ ﰲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﺫ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺫﻱ
ﺍﳊﻮﺕ) :ﺍﻟﻈﺎﳌﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺇﱐ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻚ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﻻ(ﻬﺑﺎ ُﻉْﺪَﻳ ﱂ ﱠﻪﻧﻓﺈ ؛
ﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺏ ﱠﺎﻟﺇ ﱡﻂﻗ ٌﻢﻣﺴﻠ«)١(
.
ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﻓﺎﻟ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ؛ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱠﺒﻮﻳﺔﻨﺍﻟ ﺍﻷﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﱠﺔﻣﻋﺎ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ
ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﱢﻛﺮﺬﺍﻟ ﱠﻣﻪﺪﺗﻘ ﺍﻟﺬﻱﻓـﺈﻥ ﱠﺩ؛ﺮﺍﺠﻤﻟ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺍﻟ ﻣﻦ
ﰲ ﹶﻎﺃﺑﻠ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﻓﻪ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﻘﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻣﺴﻜﻨﺘﻪ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ُﺭﺇﺧﺒﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻧﻀﺎﻑ
ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ)٢(
.
٢-ﺑﺎﳋﻄﻴﺌﺔ ُﻑﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺮﺍ ﱠﻧﺐﺬﺑﺎﻟ ُﺭﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍ:ﱢﺪﻴﺳـ ﰲ ٌﻦﱢﻴﺑـ ٌﺢﻭﺍﺿـ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ؛)٣(
" :ﱠـﻨﺍﳌ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻑﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﱠﻔﺲﻨﺍﻟ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻭﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ."ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻭﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﺼـﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳊـﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ:
»ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ ُﺪﱢﻴﺳ:ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺧﻠﻘﺘﲏ ،ﺃﻧﺖ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﻻ ﺭﰊ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ
،ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻚ ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ،ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻭﻋﺪﻙ ﻋﻬﺪﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ،ﻋﺒﺪﻙ
ﻳﻐﻔـﺮ ﻻ ﺇﻧﻪ ،ﱄ ﻓﺎﻏﻔﺮ ،ﺑﺬﻧﱯ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﺀ ّﻲﻋﻠ ﺑﻨﻌﻤﺘﻚ ﻟﻚ ﺃﺑﻮﺀﺇﻻ ﺍﻟـﺬﻧﻮﺏ
)١(ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ٣٥٠٥ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺫﻱ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ،١٠٤٩١
)٦/١٦٨(ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ١٧٤٤،٤/٣٢٥.
)٢(ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺑﻞ ﻳﻨﻈﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺐ١٢٠-١٢٢.
)٣(ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﻲ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻫﻮ
ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﰲ ﻭﻟﺪ ،ﺑﺮﻛﺎﺕ٦٦٠ﲤﻴﺰ ،ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﺘﲔ
ﻭﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﺻﺎﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻳﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﻐﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﳉﺪ ﺍﳊﻔﻆ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ
ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ.ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ،ﻛﺜﲑ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ،ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ
ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﲦﺎﻥ ﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﺳﺠﻦ ﰲ ﺗﻮﰲ ،ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ.ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺭ
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺌﺔ ﺃﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ١/١٤٦.
- 23. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ٢٦
ﺃﻧﺖ«)١(
."ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻓﺠﻤﻊ:»ﺑـﺬﻧﱯ ﻭﺃﺑـﻮﺀ ،ﱠﻲﻋﻠـ ﺑﻨﻌﻤﺘﻚ ﺃﺑﻮﺀ«.
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻭﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﱠﺔﻨﺍﳌ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ.ﺍﻫـ
،ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ﻟﻮﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﺍﶈﺒﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﺐ ﱠﺔﻨﺍﳌ ﹸﺓﻓﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪ
ﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻓﺘﻘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻭﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ
ﻛﻞﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﻗﺮﺏ ،ﻣﻔﻠﺴﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻻ ﻭﺃﻥ ،ﻭﻗﺖ
ﻭﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺣﺎﻻ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻓﻼ ﺍﻹﻓﻼﺱ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﷲ
،ﺍﻟﺼـﺮﻑ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﻘـﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﻞ ﻬﺑﺎ؛ ﳝﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ
ﺗ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺣﱴ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻛﺴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ،ﺍﶈﺾ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﻼﺱﻠـﻚ
ﻭﺷـﻬﺪ ،ﺟﻬﺎﺗـﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺮﺓ ﻭﴰﻠﺘﻪ ،ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺪﻉ ﺳﻮﻳﺪﺍﺋﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺮﺓ
ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻓﻘﺮﻩ ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﻤﺎﻝ ،ﻭﺟﻞ ﻋﺰ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺗﻪ)٢(
ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺩﺍﻉ ﱠﻞﻛ ﱠﻥﻓﺈ ؛
ﻟﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﺎﺏ ﺃﻥ ﱞﻱَﺮﺤﹶﻟ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ.
٣-ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ:ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﺎﻝ:ْﺐَﺼْﻧﹶﺎﻓ َﺖﹾﻏَﺮﹶﻓ ﹶﺍﺫﹺﺈﹶﻓ
*ﹶﻏْﺭﹶﺎﻓ َﻚﱢﺑَﺭ ﹶﻰﻟﹺﺇَﻭْﺐ]ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ:٧-٨.[
ﺃﻱ:َﻚﺘﺣﺎﺟ ﻭﺳﻠﻪ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﺑﺎﻟ َﻚﺴﻧﻔ ﻓﺎﺟﻬﺪ ﺻﻼﺗﻚ ﻣﻦ َﺖﻓﺮﻏ ﺇﺫﺍ")٣(
.
ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ" :ﺻﻼﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﱢﻡﺪﻓﻘ ﺗﺪﻋﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ
ﺷﺌﺖ ﲟﺎ ﺍﺩﻉ ﰒ ﺧﲑ ﺃﻭ."ﳒـﻮﺍﻩ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﲔ ﱢﻡﺪﻳﻘ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ؛ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ
ﺻﺪﻗﺔ)١(
.
)١(ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ٥٩٧٤٥/٢٣٢٣.
)٢(ﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺑﻞ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ١٤-١٥.
)٣(ﺟﺎﻟﻠﻄﱪﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ)١٢/٦٢٨.(
)١(ﺹ ﺍﻷﺫﻛﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ١٢.
- 24. ﺍﻟﺪﻋـﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ٢٧
٤-ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻞ ﱠﺠﺮﻀﺍﻟ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ّﻜﺮﺍﺭﺘﻭﺍﻟ ﺍﻹﳊﺎﺡ:ﺑﺘﻜـﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﳊﺎﺡ ﻭﳛﺼﻞ
ﺗﻜﺮﻳـﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱡﻝﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ؛ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ
ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ُﻦﺍﺑ َﻯﻭَﺭ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ؛ ﺛﻼﺙ ﱡﻋﺎﺀﺪﻟﻠ-ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺿﻲ-ﺍﷲ ﹶﻝﺭﺳﻮ ﱠﻥﺃ
ﺛﻼﺛﺎ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﺎ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺠﺒﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ)١(
.
ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ َﻊﹶﻗَﻭَﻭ-ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺿﻲ-ﺳﺤﺮﻩ ﱠﺔﺼﻗ ﰲ:»ﻓﺪﻋﺎ
ﺩﻋﺎ ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎ ﰒ«)٢(
.
٥-ﱠﻌﺔﺴﻭﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻹﻛﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ:ﺷـﺄﻥ ﻣﻦ ﱠﻥﺇ
ﻻ ﱠﻪﻧﻓﺈ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ،ﱠﺓﺪﱢﺸﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺧﺎﺀﺮﺍﻟ ﺣﺎﻟﱵ ﰲ َﺀﱡﻋﺎﺪﺍﻟ َﻡُﻼﺯﻳ ﺃﻥ ﱠﺎﱀﺼﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ
ﺍ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﺄﻥ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻨﺴﺎﻩ؛ ﰒ ﱠﺓﺪﱢﺸﺍﻟ ﻭﻗﺖ ﰲ ﱠﺎﻟﺇ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻠﺘﺠﺊﻣﻦ ﱠﺎﻟﺇ ﱠﺎﺱﻨﻟ
ﻛﺘﺎﺑـﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ ﱠﺓﺪﻋ ﰲ ﱠﺔﻳﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﱠﺒﻴﻌﺔﻄﺍﻟ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﷲ؛ ﻋﺼﻤﻪ
ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ؛:ًـﺎﻤِﺋﹶﺎﻗ ْﻭﹶﺃ ًﺍﺪِﻋﹶﺎﻗ ْﻭﹶﺃ ِﻪﹺﺒْﻨَﺠِﻟ َﺎﻧَﺎﻋَﺩ ﱡﺮﱡﻀﺍﻟ ﹶﻥَﺎﺴْﻧﹺﺈﹾﻟﺍ ﱠﺲَﻣ ﹶﺍﺫﹺﺇَﻭ
َﻨُﻋْﺪَﻳ ْﻢﹶﻟ ﹾﻥﹶﺄﹶﻛ ﱠﺮَﻣ ُﻩﱠﺮُﺿ ُﻪْﻨَﻋ َﺎﻨﹾﻔَﺸﹶﻛ ﱠﺎﻤﹶﻠﹶﻓُﻪﱠﺴَﻣ ﱟﺮُﺿ ﹶﻰﻟﹺﺇ ﺎ]ﻳﻮﻧﺲ:١٢.[
ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﱠﺰﻋ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ:ﹶﺍﺫﹺﺇ ﱠﻢﹸﺛ ِﻪْﻴﹶﻟﹺﺇ ًﺎﺒﹺﻴﻨُﻣ ُﻪﱠﺑَﺭ َﺎﻋَﺩ ﱞﺮُﺿ ﹶﻥَﺎﺴْﻧﹺﺈﹾﻟﺍ ﱠﺲَﻣ ﹶﺍﺫﹺﺇَﻭ
ﱠﻞِـﻀُﻴِﻟ ًﺍﺩَﺍﺪْﻧﹶﺃ ِﻪﱠﻠِﻟ ﹶﻞَﻌَﺟَﻭ ﹸﻞْﺒﹶﻗ ْﻦِﻣ ِﻪْﻴﹶﻟﹺﺇ ُﻮﻋْﺪَﻳ ﹶﻥﹶﺎﻛ َﺎﻣ َﻲِﺴَﻧ ُﻪْﻨِﻣ ﹰﺔَﻤْﻌﹺﻧ ُﻪﹶﻟﱠﻮَﺧ
ِﻪِﻠﹺﻴﺒَﺳ ْﻦَﻋ]ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺮ:٨.[
ﺟﻼﻟﻪ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ:ِﻪﹺـﺒﹺﻧَﺎﺠﹺﺑ ﹶﻯﺄَﻧَﻭ َﺽَﺮْﻋﹶﺃ ِﻥَﺎﺴْﻧﹺﺈﹾﻟﺍ ﹶﻰﻠَﻋ َﺎﻨْﻤَﻌْﻧﹶﺃ ﹶﺍﺫﹺﺇَﻭ
ﹴﺾﹺﻳﺮَﻋ ٍﺀَﺎﻋُﺩ ﹸﻭﺬﹶﻓ ﱡﺮﱠﺸﺍﻟ ُﻪﱠﺴَﻣ ﹶﺍﺫﹺﺇَﻭ]ﻓﺼﻠﺖ:٥١.[
)١(ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ،ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺃﺑﻮ١/٤٧٧ﺭﻗﻢ ،١٥٢٤ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ،
ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺛﻼﺙ٦/١١٩ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﻧﺎﺅﻭﻁ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ،:
ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ.
)٢(ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺮ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ٥٥٤٣٠/٢١٧٤ﺑﺎﺏ ،ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ،
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺮ٢١٨٩٤/١٧١٩.