EL102
Lecture 7
1. Adjective ending –ing and -ed
2. Passive
3. Adverbs with past simple passive
4. Exercises

BORED-BORING
Adjectives ending with –ed and -ing

Use these adjectives to describe feelings and the
characteristics of a person or thing.
• The adjectives ending with –ed. Are used to describe your
feelings or how to do you feel about something or someone.
I am tired of working so much.
• The adjectives ending with -ing. Are used to describe
someone qualities or the characteristics of something.
The book is boring, so I didn’t read it.
My boss is scaring, every time we have a meeting he fires
someone.
Adjectives ending with –ed and -ing

Adjectives ending with – ed.
The spelling rules for these adjectives are the
same as the verb in the past participle.
• If it ends with “ e “ , add “ d “ : scare – scared
• If it ends with “ y “ preceded by a consonant,
the “y” is changed to “ I “ and then we add “
ed “ : gratify – gratified
• The rest if the adjectives that don’t follow
this rules just add –ed :
relax-relaxed
Adjectives ending with –ed and -ing

Examples:
The painter was inspired by the nature. You can
see it in his painting.
I am annoyed with you, because you didn’t help
me.
Danny was bored during the movie.
You didn’t sound convinced, when he told you
about the proposal.
Adjectives ending with –ed and -ing

Adjectives ending with –ed and - ing
• Adjectives ending with -ing.
The spelling rules for these adjectives are
the same as the present participle of
verbs:
• If the it ends with “e” , eliminate the “e”
and add “ing”
surprise-surprising
• For the rest just add –ing
tempt – tempting

Examples:
My new zumba class is so tiring.
Today’s news were shocking, I can’t believe it.
Frida Kahlo was a fascinating woman.
A competition was always encouraging for the kids.
My boss is so charming, he always has something good
to say.
Adjectives ending with –ed and -ing

practice
• 1. The people I work with are ____ with their
jobs.
– A. satisfying B. satisfied
• 2. John was ____ by the news report.
– A. disgusting B. disgusted
• 3. We thought that the instructions were ___ .
– A. confused B. confusing
• 4. It's an ___ little story. You should read it.
– A. amusing B. amused
• 5. Working late every day is ___ .
– A. tiring B. tired

• 6. I'm not really ___ in sport.
– A. interesting B. interested
• 7. Do you feel ___ about them?
– A. worrying B. worried
• 8. All this information is making me ___.
– A. confused B. confusing
• 9. I had a ___ weekend because of the
rain.
– A. bored B. boring
• 10. Young children are often ___ of the
dark.
– A. scaring B. scared

Answers
• 1. The people I work with are satisfied with their
jobs.
• 2. John was disgusted by the news report.
• 3. We thought that the instructions were confusing.
• 4. It's an amusing little story. You should read it.
• 5. Working late every day is tiring.
• 6. I'm not really interested in sport.
• 7. Do you feel worried about them?
• 8. All this information is making me confused.
• 9. I had a boring weekend because of the rain.
• 10. Young children are often scared of the dark.

Tense Active Passive
Present simple She cleans the house The house is cleaned
Present continuous She is cleaning the
house
The house is being
cleaned
Past simple She cleaned the house The house was cleaned
Future simple She will clean the house The house will be
cleaned
Present perfect simple She has cleaned the
house
The house has been
cleaned

Changing from Active into Passive
(Subject) (Verb ) (Object)
They made cars in factory.
Cars were made by them in factory
(Subject) (Verb ) (by + agent)

Use
• We use the passive when we want to show that the action of the verb
is more important than the person who carries out the action.
The bank robber was caught yesterday. (The action is more
important than the person who caught the bank robber.)
a) The object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the
passive sentence.
b) The active verb changes into a passive form.
c) The subject of the active sentence becomes the agent.

Forming Simple Present Passive
Affirmative Form Object + am / is / are + verb3 (past participle)
Question Form Am / Is / Are + Object + verb3 (past participle) ?
For example:
Active : The gardener waters the flowers every evening.
Passive: The flowers are watered by the gardener every evening.
Active : My mother doesn't paint the walls.
Passive: The walls aren't painted by my mother.

Present Progressive Passive
Affirmative Form Object + am / is / are + being + verb3
Question Form Am / is / are + Object + being + verb3 ?
For example:
Active : The postman is delivering the mail.
Passive: The mail is being delivered by the postman.
Active : The coach is congratulating the team at the moment.
Passive: The team is being congratulated by the coach.

Turn the following active constructions into passive:
1. They are building a new town hall in our town.
2. Does your mum pick you up?
3. They wear blue shoes.
4. They are mending my piano at the moment.
5. What books are people reading this year?
6. He doesn't open the book.
7. Mrs Brown is making the beds.
A new town hall is being built in our town
Are you picked up by your mum?
Blue shoes are worn by them
My piano is being mended at the moment
What books are being read this year?
The book is not opened by him.
The beds are being made by Mrs Brown

Past simple passive
• We use the passive when we want to show that action of the
verb is more important than the person who carries out the
action.
EX: The thief was arrested by police yesterday.
The cakes weren’t baked by the famous chef.

Form (Be + past participle)
• To form the passive, we use the appropriate tense of the verb
to be+ the past participle of the main verb.
• We use the passive when the action is more important than the
agent (the person or thing doing the action)
• EX: The window was broken.
(We are more interested in the action than the person who did it.)

Form
Affirmative Interrogative
Subject + form of to be +past
participle
Form of to be +subject
+past participle
The book was taken to the
classroom
Was the letter sent by him?
Negative
Subject +form of be + not + past participle
Their beds weren’t made by them

Questions with question words in passive
• Form: Question words +was/were +subject +past participle
• Where was book taken?
• The book was taken to the classroom.
• Why were the students taught at home?
• The students were taught at home because the school was
closed.

Past simple Past simple passive
They painted the door. The door was painted by them
The teacher gave me these
books.
These books were given by the
teacher.
My grandfather built this
house.
This house was built by my
grandfather.
They canceled the flight. The flight was canceled by
them

Change the following sentences to passive voice.
1. People used this bridge.
2. They built a new bank in our city last year.
3. The Vikings threw James into the water.
4. Shakespeare wrote poems as well as plays.
This bridge was used by people.
A new bank was built by them in our city last year.
James was threw the Vikings into the water.
Poems as well as plays were written by Shakespeare.

Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.
1. She sang a song.
2. We stopped the bus.
3. A thief stole my car.
4. They didn't let him go
5. She didn't win the prize.
6. They didn't make their beds.
7. Did he send the letter?
A song was sung by her.
The bus was stopped by us.
My car was stolen by a thief.
He wasn’t let go by them
The prize wasn’t won by her.
Their beds weren’t made.
The letter wasn’t sent.

Put in the correct form of the verb in Passive into the gaps. Use
Simple Past
1. The meal………………………………….(cook)
2. The trees ………………………………….(plant)
3. The words………………………………....(substitute)
4. The question …………………………..….(answer)
5. The correct answers ……………………....(tick)
6. The door…………………………………(lock)
7. The children …………………………….(pick up)
8. The house ………………………………..(burn down)
9. He ………………………………………..(rob)
was cooked
were planted
were substituted
was answered
were ticked
was locked
were picked up
was burnt down
was robbed

Adverbs with past simple passive
• These adverbs are used in news reports and they show the
extension or degree of verbs.
• Form : Subject + was/were + adverb +past participle
 The car was badly damaged after the accident.
 The passengers weren’t seriously injured.
 The airport was completely closed.
 The electricity was temporarily cut.
 The town was partially destroyed.

Rewrite the sentences using the simple past passive and given
adverbs.
1. The fire damaged the building. (partially)
2. The storm disrupted train services.(temporarily)
3. Flash floods damaged several houses in the area. (badly)
4. A wildfire injured three firefighters. (seriously)
5. A tornado destroyed a small farm. (completely)

Answer
1. The building was partially damaged by the fire.
2. Train service was temporarily disrupted by the storm.
3. Several houses in the area were badly damaged by flash
floods.
4. Three firefighters were seriously injured by a wildfire.
5. A small farm was completely destroyed by a tornado.

Put these sentences into the passive (present or past)
a) People export Spanish tortilla to the US.
b) Farmers grow soy in Argentina.
c) You don’t find penguins at the North Pole.
d) Columbus didn’t discover America in 1491.
e) Did Spain win the last basketball Olympics?
f) How do people make sushi?
g) The child broke all the plates in the cupboard.
Spanish tortilla is exported by them to the US
Soy is grown by farmers in Argentina
Pinguins aren't found at the north pole
America wasn't discovered by Columbus in 1491
Were the last basketball Olympics won by Spain?
How is sushi made by people?
All the plates in the cupboard were broken by the child

Simple Future Passive
Affirmative Form Object + will + be + verb3 (past participle)
Question Form Will + object + be + verb3 (past participle)
Active : The manager will sign the contract tomorrow.
Passive: The contract will be signed by the manager tomorrow.
Active : Will the boss give me a job?
Passive: Will I be given a job by the boss?
Affirmative Form Object + am / is / are + going to + be + verb3(past participle)
Question Form Am / is / are + object + going to + be + verb3 (past participle)
Active : The police are going to investigate the case.
Passive: The case is going to be investigated by the police.

Passive voice - Simple Future
1. People will show the visitors the new buildings
2. The teacher will correct the student’s homework
3. Mrs Brown will look after the cat
4. She will bake a cake for my birthday
The new buildings will be shown to the visitors
The student’s homework will be corrected
The cat will be looked after by Mrs Brown
A cake will be baked for my birthday

Forming Present Perfect Passive
Affirmative Form Object + have / has + been + verb3 (past participle)
Question Form
Have / has + object + been + verb3 (past participle)
Active : Thomas has written many books.
Passive: Many books have been written by Thomas.
Active : Have the police caught the man?
Passive: Has the man been caught by the police?
Active : They have cleaned the clinic.
Passive: The clinic has been cleaned by them.

Write passive sentences in Present Perfect.
1. the postcard / send ………………………………………………
2. the pencils / count ……………………………………………….
3. the door / close ……………………………………………….
4. the beds / make ………………………………………………..
5. the mail / write ………………………………………………..
6. the trees / plant ………………………………………………..
7. the money / spend ………………………………………………..
8. the rent / pay / not …………………………………………………
9. the people / inform / not …………………………………………….
The postcard has been sent
The pencils have been counted
The door has been closed
The beds have been made
The mail has been written
The trees have been planted
The money has been spent.
The rent has not been paid
The people have not been informed

Complete the sentences in passive voice with the verbs in
brackets.
1. Letters…………………………. by the postman at 8 every day. (deliver)
2. This bag ……………………………….. in the bus yesterday. (find)
3. The dress ………………………………in hot water. ( wash)
4. …………… your motorbike………………………………yet? (repair)
5. The message……………………………….tomorrow. (send)
6. These offices …………………………..now. (clean)
7. This building ………………………... since the 1930's. (not reconstruct)
8. The last umbrellas………………………….…in the morning. (sell)
9. The plan…………………………………... in two days. (announce)
10. All the halls ……………………………………. at the moment. (paint)
are delivered
was found
is washed
Has been repaired
will be sent
are being cleaned
has not been reconstructed
were sold
will be announced
are being painted

Rewrite the sentences in active voice.
1. Poems are written by the boy .
2. The blue car was driven by the girl.
3. Enough money has been collected.
4. A new restaurant will be opened.
5. Pictures is drawn by the little boy.
6. The prisoner was watched by the guard.
7. Soccer will not be played.

Answer
1. The boy writes poems.
2. The girl drove the blue car.
3. They have collected enough money.
4. They will open a new restaurant.
5. The little boy draws pictures.
6. The guard watched the prisoner.
7. They will not play soccer.