This document summarizes information from a seminar on major credit and poverty in India. It discusses poverty levels among social groups and occupations. It also provides statistics on malnutrition, agriculture contribution to GDP, land holding patterns, poultry production statistics, and the role of the poultry sector in nutrition, poverty reduction, and employment. Challenges for small scale poultry farmers are also outlined.

1. MAJOR CREDIT SEMINAR
TO
ON
PRESENTER:-
Dr BALARAJU BL
DIV. OF EXTENSION EDUCATION
IVRI, IZATNAGAR

2. Poverty ratio for social group:- In this 33.8% of the rural poor
ST-47.4% , SC-42.3% and OBC-31.9%.
Poverty based on the occupation:- 50% of the agricultural
labourers in rural area and 47.1% casual laboures in urban area
were poor.
Poverty based on the head of the household:- 29.4% of the
female headed household comes below the poverty line.
(Tendulkar committee, planning commission, GOI 2012)
2004-05 42% 325.81M 25.5% 81.41 M 37.2% 407.22 M
2009-10 33.8% 278.12 M 20.9% 76.47 M 29.8% 354.68 M
YEAR RURAL URBAN TOTAL

3.  Malnutrition is an unbalanced diet in which some nutrients are
in excess, lacking or wrong proportion.
 India is ranked 2nd in the world of the number of children
suffering from malnutrition.
 47% of the children exhibit a degree of malnutrition.
 Mainly in pre-school going children.
 More than 6,000 Indian children below the age of five die
every day due to malnourishment.
(World bank 2005)
(National family health survey 2005-06)

4.  Ag contribution to GDP:-17.8%.
 Livestock contribution to AgGDP is 31.9%.
 LS contribute to 5.1% to GDP.
( FAO, 2007)
LAND HOLDING %.
CATEGORY LAND HOLDING
IN HECTARE
% OF
HOUSEHOLD
LANDLESS < 0.002 31.9
MARGINAL 0.002-1.0 47.1
SMALL 1.0-2.0 11.2
MEDIUM 2.0-4.0 6.2
LARGE > 4.0 3.4
( Jabir Ali, IIM 2007 )

5. Total poultry population : 645.37 millions. (5th).
Annual meat production : 4.01MTs (Total livestock meat)
Poultry Meat : 2.02 MTs
Annual egg production :60 billion eggs (3rd)
Annual growth rate
Chicken : 7.80%
Duck : -1.99%
Egg :5.60%
Value of output from poultry
Poultry meat :18059 crores
Egg : 9366 crores
(DAHD, BAHS, GOI,2009-10)

6. Distribution of poultry birds among Indian rural household, 2003
(GOI ,2006)
0.5 bird/person
179 birds/ sq. km
( FAO 2007)

7. Product ICMR
( per person)
Per Capita
Availability
Egg 180 Eggs/Yr 51 Eggs/Yr
Meat 11 kg/ Yr 3.1 kg/ Yr

9.  Growth of the poultry sector can contribute to enhanced nutrition
and poverty reduction in India.
 Large share of the rural poor are dependent on poultry for food and
income.
 Demand for animal source food – including milk, meat and eggs – is
massively increasing in India.
 Large commercial producers benefiting from the expanding demand
for animal protein and the landless, marginal and small landholders
unable to participate in the competitive poultry market.
(Ali, 2007; GOI, 2002).

10.  Livestock sector has been one of the fastest growing sectors in
Indian agriculture, currently accounting for about 25% to
agriculture GDP, as compared to 14% in in 1980.
 Both demand and supply factors responsible for the growth.
 Within the livestock sector, poultry has been the fastest growing
sub-sector.
 Between 1985 and 2005 poultry meat and egg production grew by
about 12 and 5 % per year, compared to an annual growth rate of 1.5
to 2.0 percent for beef, milk and mutton .
(GOI, 2006)

11. www.Faostat.fao.org

12.  Growth in India’s poultry sector mainly from growth of a large
commercial producers.
 Rapid Southern India, environmental conditions are mild.
 At a slower pace in the Western and Eastern States.
(Mehta and Nambiar, 2007)
 Landless, marginal and small scale farmers, in India, hold
about 85 % of the poultry stock of the country.
 These agricultural household keeps avg 1.2 ND birds in the
backyard, which would translate into an average flock size of
8 to 9 birds per poultry keeping household.
(NSS Report on Livestock Ownership GoI,2006)

13. • Back yard
poultry
• Few to less than
100 birds
• Mostly ND birds
• Scavenging type
• Rarely
vaccinated
• No bio-security
• Rural area
• Medium scale
• 100-1000 birds
• Commercial
hybrid birds
• Intensive or
semi-intensive
• Vaccinated
• No bio-security
• Rural area
• Marketing
problem
• Large scale
• >10000 birds
• Exotic or
commercial
hybrid birds
• Intensive type
• Vaccinated
• bio-security
followed
• Urban area
(B.S.Sathe 2004)

14.  Definition:-
Family poultry as a flock of less than 100 birds, of
unimproved or improved breed, raised in either scavenging or
semi-scavenging farming systems. Labour is not salaried, but
drawn from the family household .
(Sonaiya 1990)

15.  Acts as livestock ladder. (Dolberg, 2003)
 Supplementary income to rural household.
 Minimum capital investment & High rate of return.
 Ensures availability of egg & meat even in remote rural areas.
 Much easier for women and children who stay at home.
 Indigenous bird meat & egg fetch 25-33% more market price.
 There is no antibiotic residue in the meat and egg.
 Acts as tool for reducing poverty and malnutrition.

16.  Mortality may lead to economic losses.
 Predators problem like dog, cat, eagle, snakes, etc
 Limited contact with extension personnel.
 Poor support from the government.
 Vaccination and medication not done properly.
 No bio-security measures i.e. the birds easily come in contact
with the wild birds and pigs, disease like HPAI will outbreak
and spread rapidly.

17.  Indigenous or ND birds are generally used.
 E.g. Assel, Kadakanath, Naked neck, etc.
 Improved varieties from central avian research institute(CARI)
Izatnagar like
CARI NIRBHEEK, CARI SHYAMA. UPCARI, HITCARI.
CARI- PRIYA, CARI-SONALI, CARIBRO-DHANRAJA
 Other improved varieties are:- vanaraja, giriraja, gramapriya,
swaranadhara, kroiler, krishna-j

18. Year
State
Breed
2007
West Bengal
ND bird
2008
Madhya Pradesh
Kadaknath
Parameters No, unit (rs) total
value value
No, unit total
value value
Egg laid
Egg spoiled
Egg sold/consumed
Chick hatched
Birds dead
Cock sold
Hen sold
46 _ _
06 _ _
25 2.5 62.5
15 _ _
04 _
5.5 60 330
5.5 60 330
84 _ _
25 _ _
20 4.5 90
39 _ _
06 _ _
16.5 250 4125
16.5 150 2475
Gross income (Rs) 722.5 6690
Hen
Feed/bird
Health care
Total cost (Rs)
01 60 60
12 2.2 26.4
13 5.9 70.8
157.2
01 200 200
34 120 4080
34 5 170
4450
Net income( Rs)
Net income/ rural
poverty line
565.3
10.9%
2240
42.6%
Hen economics in scavenging and semi-scavenging system
(SA-PPLPP 2010)

19.  Few hundred birds are kept in farm.
 These farm efficient in selling there produced in rural market.
 Efficient in creating the part time jobs.
 Moderate input cost and moderate profit margin.
 70% expenditure is on feeding.
 financial support is needed through bank loans and subsidies.
 One major NGO, PRADAN working with women SHGs for
medium scale poultry farming. 16 cooperative societies (5360).
(Pica et al, 2008)

20.  >10000 Birds. High input-High output sector.
 Organized marketing sector.
 Owned by private agencies.
 The leading commercial poultry industries are Venkateshwar,
Suguna, Godrej, Pioneer, Diamond Riverdale, Starchick,
Goldchick, Peninsula, Skylark etc.
 Mainly involved in mass production of the meat and egg.
 Supplying to urban and semi-urban area.
 Full time employment creating sector.

21.  More than 3 million people employed in poultry sector part-
time or full time.
 In this 80% created by POULTRY FARMS.
 20% by feed mills, pharmaceuticals, equipment manufactures.
(FAO, poultry sector review, India version 2008)
 IFPRI IMPACT model predicts that about 30-35 thousand jobs
will created along poultry meat & egg value chain between
1997-2020. (Rosegrant.et,al 2001)
 OECD-FAO COSIMO model concludes that about 27000
additional broiler related job will be created b/w 2008-2017.
(OECD-FAO. 2008)

22.  For Women empowerment, in livestock sector nearly 71% of
the labour force supplied by the women.
 Socio-economic development & Gender equity.
(Ali, 2004)
Job opportunity in general:-
 Job for veterinarian and NGO
 Research & development station.
 Poultry slaughter houses.
 Hotels and restaurants.
 Retail egg seller.
 Logistic.

23.  “gold standard” for nutritionist
 Egg is complete diet, except vitamin-C and fiber.
 Only food which is unadulterated with high biological value.
 Cheap animal protein source having more shelf life.
(D.V.Reddy,2007)
 No social taboos.
 Meat & egg are cheap and best animal protein sources.

24. Whole sale price of selected food products in India 1996 - 2006
(GOI, 2006)

25.  AICRP on poultry breeding.
 Central Poultry Development Organization.
 Assistance to state poultry farms.
 Micro Credit Scheme.
 Assistance to states for feed and fodder development.
 Assistance to Cooperatives Poultry Venture Capital Funds.
 “Poultry Estates” & Mother Units For Rural Backyard Poultry.
(DAHD, GOI)

26.  Current extension is inadequate to support small scale poultry.
 Providing the training to the rural people through SDAH,
SDA, KVKs, SVUs, SAUs.
 Motivate the people for making the SHGs.
 Use of ICT tools in transfer technology e.g. kisan call center
 Holistic approach for solving the problems.
 Should acts as communication bridge between rural people
and the research station.
 Helps in building the poultry cooperatives.

27.  Many fallow a top-down “transfer of technology”
 Most extension organization focus on only large ruminants.
 Focuses on intensive systems & particularly on milk production.
 Services are concentrated inn high potential areas.
 Extension is generally provided by men for men.
(Matthewman and Ashley, 1996)

28. Financial and other constraints:
• Insufficient funds for transfer of sustainable technologies.
• Lack of organized marketing system.
• Access to credit and financial institutions.
Physical constraints:
 No Government infrastructure facilities at village level for
training of beneficiaries.
 High prices of medicines and feed ingredients.
 Unskilled people appointed by NGOs.
 Shortage of skilled manpower for extension activities.

29. Biological constraints:
 Shortage of suitable good quality poultry breed.
 Only few breeding farms and hatcheries for chick production.
 Low productivity of the indigenous breed.
 New poultry diseases
 Non-availability of vaccines against them.
(Kazi Abdul Fattah)

30.  Poultry is the one of the tool for reducing poverty and
malnutrition in India .
 Effectively providing employment opportunity in rural area.
 Strong Government Support is needed in the form of subsidy,
training, veterinary services.
 Provision ideal marketing, i.e. better connectivity between
producer and consumer.
 Maintain positive links in GOVT-NGO-SHG.
 Financial support like loans, micro-credits are required.
 Efforts should be made for conserving the native chicken.

32.  Ali J. (2007). Livestock sector development and implications for
rural poverty alleviation in India. Livestock Research for Rural
Development.
 GOI (2006). Livestock Ownership Across Operational Land
Holding Classes in India, 2002-2003. NSS 59th Round, Report No.
493 , , Government of India, New Delhi
 GOI (2010). Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics. Ministry of
Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi.
 GOI (2012). Poverty Estimates for 2009-10. Press Bureau
Information, Government of India, New Delhi.
 Mehta R., Nambiar R.G. (2007). The poultry industry in India.
Paper delivered at the FAO Conference on ‘Poultry in the 21st
Century’. 5-7 November, Bangkok.

33.  OECD-FAO (2008). OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2008-
2017. OECD, Paris, and FAO, Rome.
 World Bank (2005). India’s Undernourished Children: A Call
for Reform and Action. World Bank, Washington.
 U. Pica - Ciamarra and J. Otte (2009). Poultry, Food Security
and Poverty in India: Looking Beyond the Farm-Gate.
 Dolberg, F. (2003) Review of Household Poultry Production
as a Tool in Poverty Reduction with Focus on Bangladesh and
India. Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative Working Paper No.
6. Rome: FAO.