Vaccination and
Medication in
Poultry
Dr. Atif Rehman
Ph.D Poultry Science

What is Vaccine?
•A vaccine is a biological preparation that
improves immunity to a particular disease
•A vaccine typically contains an agent that
resembles a disease-causing
microorganism

Vaccine vs Bacterin

How Vaccine Prepared
•It is often made from weakened or killed forms of
the microbe,

Types of Vaccines
•Live
•Attenuated
•Killed/ Inactivated

Live vs Killed Vaccines

Why Vaccination is necessary?
•To induce high MDA (Maternally
Derived Antibodies)
•To prevent & control the disease
•To enhance the immune status

Vaccinal Immunity
•Live vaccine peak response after 10 days
•Killed after 21 days

What is required for good
immune response?

Vaccine and Immunosuppressive
Diseases
Don’t vaccine during immunosuppressive
disease i.e.
1. IBD
2. CIA
3. MD
4. Coccidiosis

Characteristics of ideal Vaccine
•Safe
•Efficacious
• Pure

Vaccine Transportation
•Prevent Temperature Fluctuations
•4°C for live vaccines,
•-80oC for cell associated Marek’s
•Prevent from sunlight

General procedures
•Timing
•Doses and types
•Record all vaccination procedures
•Don’t vaccine during stress, disease, immuno
suppression, off-feeding etc.

Vaccination at Farm
•Water
•Spray
•Eye drop
•S/C or I/M

Water Vaccination
5.5-7.5 pH
Water
deprivation
(Max. 1 hour)
1-2 hours
Ingestion time
No chlorination
before 72
hours
2.5 g skimmed
milk/ liter
water

.
Add liquefied
vaccine in
water
Add skim
milk (2.5 g/ l)
20 minutes
before mixing
Add diluent
to vaccine
vial and
shake gently

Vaccine through Injection

I/M, Breast

S/C

Medication

Purpose
•Prevention
•Cure
•Growth Promoter

Commonly Used Medicines
•Antibiotics
•Coccidiostates/ Anticoccidials
•Liver tonics

Commonly Used Antibiotics in Poultry
• Lincomycin
• Enramycin
• Avilamycin
• Penicillin
• Amoxicillin
• Colistin
• Tetracyclin
• Doxycycline
• Tylocin
• Tilmicosin
• Tiamulin
• Spiramycin
• Enrofloxacin
• Floramphenicol

Coccidiostates

Coccidiosis
•Protozoal disease of poultry with high
mortality
•Mostly affect birds of 3-6 weeks of age
•Broilers are more susceptible than layers
•Intestinal coccidiosis mostly occurs in
older birds
•Caused by 9 Eimeria spp

Coccidiosis Type Caused by
Intestinal E. necatrix, E. maxima, E. mivati, E.
acervulina
Caecal E. tenella and to some extent E.
necatrix
Rectal E. brunetti

Coccidiostates
•Used to prevent replication and growth of
coccidial population
•Prophylaxis is important that treatment
•Normally used in feed at preventive
doses

Categories of Coccidiostates
•Synthetic
•Ionophores or polyether antibiotics
•Mixed (combination of different
anticoccidials from same or different
groups)

Dosage
Coccidiostate Dosage (%)
Amprolium 0.0125
Nicarbazine 0.0125
Monensin 0.01-0.0121
Maduramicin 5-6 ppm
Salinomycine 0.01-0.0121
Lasalocid 0.005-0.0075
Clopidol (Pyridionol) 125 ppm
Buquinolate (Quinolones) 0.00825
Robenidine 0.0066
Sulphaquinoxaline 0.025-0.033

Liver Tonics
•Betaine
•Choline
•Inositol
•Silymarine