1. 1

2. Parasitic effect of larval ectoparasitoid Bracon hebetor
on sugarcane early shoot borer
Muhammad Awais Ismail
Regd. No: BSAGL-13-11
Supervisor
Dr. Saqi Kosar Abbas
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Department of Entomology College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah

3. INTRODUCTION
Sugarcane is the second largest cash crop of
Pakistan
It is cultivated on 0.966 million hectares
It contributing around 3.6 % of Gross domestic
production (GDP).
Sugarcane currently accounts 4.8% of cropped area
11% value added of the total Crops.
( M. Asghar Qureshi and Shahid Afghan;2017)
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Department of Entomology College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah

4. SUGARCANE PEST
4
1. Sugarcane top borer
2. Sugarcane early shoot borer
3. Sugarcane gurdas pur borer
4. Sugarcane aphid
5. Sugarcane mealy bug
6. Sugar cane grub
7. Sugarcane white grub
8. Sugarcane pyrilla

5. Phylum – Arthropoda
Class – Insecta
Order – Lepidoptera
Family – Pyralidae
Genus – Chilo
Species – infuscatellus
Scintific name - Chilo infuscatellus 5
Scientific classification of sugarcane early shoot
borer
Department of Entomology College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah

6. LIFE CYCLE
6
adult
eggs
larvae
pupa
7-9
days
21 days
7 days
Department of Entomology College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah

7. DAMAGE SYMPTOMS
Infestation of pest in internodes makes the matured cane hard
Tunnels are also formed within the shoot
Quality and quantity of the juice is reduced
Damage done by this pest may be up to 50%. 7
Department of Entomology College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah

8. DISTRIBUTION.
It is a major pest of sugarcane and is prevalent in all the cane
growing areas of Pakistan.
Nature of Damage:
8
Fig : stem damage Fig: stem damage
Department of Entomology College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah

9. CONTROL PRACTICES
For many years, the management of lepidopteran are control by
different pesticides.
Moreover, insecticides pose a direct risk to human health and
the environment due to the presence of their residue in food
products and in processing facilities where workers are exposed
(Fields and White, 2010)
In recent years, interests have been focused for development of
non-chemical strategies( Phillips,2006)
Of these strategies, the use of natural enemies, including
parasitoids and predators is an important component of IPM
and has many advantages over chemical control
(Scholler et al. 1997; Scholler and Flinn, 2000) 9
Department of Entomology College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah

10. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION OF BRACON
HEBETOR
 Kingdom Animalia
 Phylum Arthropoda
 Class Insecta
 Order Hymenoptera
 Family Braconidae
 Genus Habrobracon
 Species B. hebetor 10

11. CONTI…
It attacks the larval stages of several species of Lepidoptera
including all types of larvae
(Mohapatra et al., 2008)
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Bracon hebetor is a highly polyphagous gregarious ecto-
parasitoid of several species of lepidopteran larvae. (Mohapatra
et al., 2008)
Department of Entomology College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah

12. CONTI…..
Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an idiobiont,
gregarious ectoparasitoid that attacks a variety of important
Lepidoptera's pests of stored product. The biology of B. hebetor has
been intensively studied because of its importance as a biological
control agent of the moths and also it is easy to rear in the laboratory.
(Gündüz et al., 2008).
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Department of Entomology College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah

13. LIFE CYCLE
13
ADULT
Adult
egg
laying
EggsLARVAE
PUPA
Department of Entomology College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah
1day
2 days
13 days

14. Objectives
 To check the maximum parasitation rate among different
host stages
 Among three host stages which host is batter for female
reproductive fitness
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15. IDENTIFICATION
15
Male Female
Department of Entomology College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah

16.  For many years, the management of lepidopteran pests has
traditionally involved the use of fumigants, aerosols and other
chemical insecticides. However, these moth species have become
resistant to insecticides (Zettler et al.,1973).
 Moreover, insecticides pose a direct risk to human health and the
environment due to the presence of their residue in food products
and in processing facilities where workers are exposed (Fields and
White, 2002).
 For many years, the management of lepidopteran pests has
traditionally involved the use of fumigants, aerosols and other
chemical insecticides. However, these moth species have become
resistant to insecticides (Zettler et al.,1973).
 Moreover, insecticides pose a direct risk to human health and the
environment due to the presence of their residue in food products
and in processing facilities where workers are exposed (Fields and
White, 2002).
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17. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Location of Experiment
The experiment were carried out in IPM lab, BZU, Bahadur Sub
Campus Layyah
Insect Collection
Insect parasitoid Bracon hebetor were taken from Insect
Molecular Biology Lab, University of agriculture Faislabad.
While host insect sugarcane shoot borer was collected from the
surroundings of layyah
Rearing of Insects
Both the parasitoid and host culture was reared on in the
incubator at Temperature of 28±2 ⁰C and 60±5% R.H in the
IPM laboratory of BZU Bahadur sub-Campus Layyah
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18. BIOASSAY
 The adults of the parasitoid was reared in the laboratory, on
the larvae of sugarcane shoot borer as a host by using glass
vials of (2 cm × 10 cm)
 Each vial contains 3rd , 4th and 5th instar larvae of the host and
one fertilized female of the parasitoid, provided with cotton
swabs/ pads soaked in 50% honey and water as food source
for B. hebetor adult.
 A parasitization time of 24 hour was provided to each host
instar larvae
 After 24 hours, the parasitoid female was take off from each
glass vials
 The data regarding the parasitoid egg laying, larvae, pupae
and adult emergence was recorded on daily basis
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19. TREATMENT
3rd instar
4th instar
5th instar
Total replication: Treatment* Replication (3*5): 15
Parameters
Number of Eggs laying/host larvae
Number of Larvae
Number of pupae formation
Number of adult emergence
Male and female sex ratio
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20. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The data will be statistically analyzed by
using 8.1(analytical software)
Treatments means will be separated by
Tukey HSD test at 5% probability level(p
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21. DATA RECORDING
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22. 22

23. Results23

24. FOR THE PARASITIC EFFECTS OF BRACON HEBETOR ON
THE DIFFERENT STAGES OF HOST LARVAE, SUGARCANE
SHOOT BORER ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)(TABLE.1)
Sources of
Variations
Degree of
Freedom
Sum of Square Mean Square F-Value P-Value
Eggs
Treatment 2 138.533 69.2667 6.37 0.0130*
Error 12 130.400 10.8667
Total 14 268.933
Larvae
Treatment 2 102.933 51.4667 4.05 0.0452*
Error 12 152.400 12.7000
Total 14 255.333
Pupae
Treatment 2 20.133 10.0667 0.73 0.5008ns
Error 12 164.800 13.7333
Total 14 184.933
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Department of Entomology College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah

25. TABLE 1: ) CONT.….
Sources of
Variations
Degree of
Freedom
Sum of
Square
Mean
Square
F-Value P-Value
Male
Treatment 2 68.133 34.0667 4.10
0.0438*
Error 12 99.600 8.3000
Total 14 167.733
Female
Treatment 2 78.533 39.2667 13.7
0.0008*
Error 12 34.400 2.8667
25Total 14 112.933
Department of Entomology College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah

26. MEAN NUMBER OF EGGS, LARVAE, PUPAE AND
PERCENTAGE OF MALE AND FEMALE EMERGENCE BY THE
PARASITIZATION DIFFERENT STAGES OF SUGARCANE
SHOOT BORER
Host
Stages
Egg
Emerge
nce
Larvae pupae Male
(%age)
Female
(%age)
3rd host
instars
11.80 b 10.60 b 10.00 a 79.04 20.8
4th host
instars
16.20 ab 13.40 ab 12.00 a 36.33 63.78
5th host
instars
19.20 a 17.00 a 13.00 a 63.51 36.48
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Department of Entomology College of Agriculture BZU, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah
ADULT
11.80
11.50
12.50

27. REFERENCES
 Akinkurolere R.O., Boyer S., Chen H. & Zhang H. 2009: Parasitism
 and host-location preference in Habrobracon hebetor
 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Role of refuge, choice, and host
 instar. — J. Econ. Entomol. 102: 610–615.
 Baker J.E. & Fabrick J.A. 2000: Host hemolymph proteins and
 protein digestion in larval Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera:
 Braconidae). — Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 30: 937–946.
 Bandani A.R., Kazzazi M. & Mehrabadi M. 2009: Purification
 and characterization of midgut α-amylases of Eurygaster integriceps.
 — Entomol. Sci. 12: 25–32.
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