1
Children
Hunger
Walid Alghamdi & Rakan Alharbi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduc*on 2 ..................................................................................................................................................
Methodology 3 ................................................................................................................................................
Key Findings 4 ..............................................................................................................................................
Hunger and lack of educa*on 4 ...................................................................................................................
Lack of nutri*ons 4 ......................................................................................................................................
Suppor*ng chari*es 4 .................................................................................................................................
Visual Data 5 ....................................................................................................................................................
Conclusion 5 ....................................................................................................................................................
2
INTRODUCTION
Imagine you have a kid that starving and asking for food, but you cannot buy this food!
This is what poor kids face. There are so many organiza=ons trying to help those kids to reduce
the number of kids who die every year because of hunger. For example, the children’s hunger’s
project in Brevard County provide poor kids with enough food during weekends, so they can
study and interact in schools.
Children’s hunger use technology which makes them beEer than other chari=es that
require to get into the charity place and pay. Unfortunately, hungry kids are not something new;
Since 1984, No Kid Hungry were officially help hungry kids to live which means there are kids
faced hunger before 1984. In 2018, the level of poverty level was $25,750 for a family of 4
members (the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services); this is a very high number and
that’s why people should start thinking about those kids because they are the future of this
country.
Something might be weird, but some wealthiest families have insecurity of food and they
think it is not a big issue. However, studies show that children who suffer from hunger will do
poorly in their study (Lancaster University, 2019)
3
P R O D U C T / S E R V I C E /
METHODOLOGY
In this research we were commiGed to obtain the data from reliable source. Such as American
Psychological Associa*on, World Hunger News and Habitat for Humanity of Brevard County. APer the
process of collec*ng data, the team reviewed, and filtered them as applicable.
In an aGempt to be accurate and credible; the team decided to eliminate any informa*on ...
3. Since 1984, No Kid Hungry were officially help hungry kids to
live which means there are kids
faced hunger before 1984. In 2018, the level of poverty level
was $25,750 for a family of 4
members (the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services);
this is a very high number and
that’s why people should start thinking about those kids because
they are the future of this
country.
Something might be weird, but some wealthiest families have
insecurity of food and they
think it is not a big issue. However, studies show that children
who suffer from hunger will do
poorly in their study (Lancaster University, 2019)
3
P R O D U C T / S E R V I C E /
METHODOLOGY
In this research we were commiGed to obtain the data from
reliable source. Such as American
Psychological Associa*on, World Hunger News and Habitat for
Humanity of Brevard County. APer the
4. process of collec*ng data, the team reviewed, and filtered them
as applicable.
In an aGempt to be accurate and credible; the team decided to
eliminate any informa*on that
might risk the trustworthiness and truthfulness of the research.
Addi*onally, the informa*on that we
took from our sources were peer reviewed and most resent.
We will provide the audience with what they should
know about the issue, so people who does
not have *me they will get the idea real quick. Also, we provide
interested poten*al donators who want
to read more. Donators will read sta*cs and how the problem
can be solved not showing the problem
only. Furthermore, if they have any other solu*ons, they will be
able to provide them to us.
4
KEY FINDINGS
Hunger & lack of Education
The issue of hunger is indirectly affected by lack of educa*on;
These days, jobs
are now hard to get because of the requirements and the number
of people applying for the
5. same job. Without higher educa*on, people cannot get a job
with a high salary. Unemployed
people; cannot afford the price of their daily food, and it is even
harder for those who have a
family with kids. According to Mercy Corps organiza*on,
around nine million humans die every
year because of hunger and disease related to hunger ("Quick
facts: What you need to know
about global hunger," 2020). So, if the individual is not able to
buy food, she/he would suffer
from hunger or the disease that comes with it. Kids have a
higher chance of dying more than
adults because of their limited endurance. Kids make up around
three million out of nine
million dying because of hunger (UNICEF, 2018a).
Lack of nutritions
Children's hunger is noted by malnutri4on. Malnutri4on greatly
inhibits cogni4ve
development and makes them unproduc4ve. Hunger is both a
cause of poverty and may result
from poverty. Despite efforts to curb hunger, global childhood
hunger is s4ll widespread.
According to the world health organiza4on, in 2016, an
6. es4mated 5.6 million children below the
age of five died (Lam). Much of the malnutri4on problem
occurs in Africa whose rate is 8 4mes
the rate of malnutri4on deaths in Europe.
5
Supporting charity organizations
Habitat for Humanity of Brevard County is a non-profit
organiza4on that is Chris4an
based (Brevard). It offers low-income families with decent,
affordable and safe homes. In
addressing children's hunger, the organiza4on helps low-income
families with homes to prevent
children's deaths that arise from poverty and living in unhealthy
environments (Humanity). The
assump4on is that if parents have a decent home they can be
able to feed their children with
healthy meals and adequate amounts of food to prevent
malnutri4on and under-nutri4on. The
organiza4on works with volunteers who supply them with cash
and in-kind dona4ons that are
channeled to the organiza4on programs and beneficiary
families. The organiza4on is commiSed
7. to figh4ng poverty which is the leading cause of childhood
hunger.
6
Additional Data
7
4%
7%
89%
Food Secure house holds
House holds with low food security
House holds with very low food security
CONCLUSION
That’s what hungry kids ask for, and they die every year with a
number of 3 millions. What if
your kid was one of them. How will you react? All what
people’s needs to save the future of the U.S is to
save those poor people because they are the only people who
will help to raise their country. A
minimum of $10 dona*on monthly to charity, will save a kid
life thus a Country's future.
8. 8
IntroductionProduct/Service/MethodologyKey FindingsHunger
& lack of EducationLack of nutritionsSupporting charity
organizationsAdditional DataConclusion
Answer_SheetDO NOT WRITE IN THIS TAB!!!!!!!Question
SheetPartPointsAnswerQ11A2DQ11B2AQ11C2BQ11D2BQ11E2
CQ11F2BQ11G2DQ11H2CQ11I8Nothing to
SubmitQ22A288.7051701852Q22B222.5853729642Q22C222271
203.5555556Q22D223491893.0332999Q22E284.0200005Q22F2
13028700Q22G41.4572451129Q22H4SECONDQ33A20.035355
3391Q33B25.6568542495Q33C40.0000000077Q33D4REJECTQ
33E40.0000000154Q33F22.5260074194Q33G20.4206044555Q3
3H20.3085375387Q33I40.0145398585Q33J40.0018284237Q33
K2495Q33L42400.9117629338Q33M2NQ33N40.718256966Q33
O40.0949128951Q44A2-
457129.583350942Q44B49492.8404176904Q44C2-
1.806835499Q44D49242.7902357367Q44E2LOGQ44F2SAMEQ
44G612591.2479687789Q44H20.3034774094Q44I2NQ44J2YQ4
4K20.0049174795Q44L2FEATQ44M20.5290309924Q44N2YQ4
4O212438.8917062984Q44P2-
0.064644784Q44Q20.5394134353Q44R2YTotal134
InstructionsInstructionsAnswer all the questions on the tabs that
say Q on them. Put all answers in the red shaded cells in the Q
sheets.Follow the directions on the Q tabs AND put your
answers in the red cells there as indicated.You may create new
tabs for work if you wish. I will not read them. I try to not read
any of the exams. That is why I write a python program to grade
them.Answers should have 3 significant figures (3 numbers) in
them. More is OK, as the computer is reading it.I have used
decimals for all %'s. Use decimals in your answers.Do not do
anything to the Answer_Sheet tab.I will auto grade the exams
using a python script.Answer as a number with no special
characters (, . ; for example) or you will lose points. Only
answer with text if the question indicates to do so in the Notes
column.Use decimals in your answer unless otherwise
9. specified.Failure to follow directions will result in loss of
points.Failure to uplaod your correctly named file to canvas will
result in loss of points. (see question 1H)Notes
DataZoom Q2 on returns:DateAdj CloseVolumeReturn
FirstReturn
Second4/15/1962257647000.2264516291.00354017624/22/1966.
220001271004004/29/1979.18143529005/6/1979.629997919580
05/13/1989.980003152733005/20/1976.25136420005/27/1979.7
3000367437006/3/1994.050003165130006/10/19100.290001174
553006/17/19100.470001124268006/24/1988.790001186835007
/1/1991.879997124816007/8/1993.30000398843007/15/1993.37
9997120531007/22/19102.19999799194007/29/1993.660004100
280008/5/1994.19999755253008/12/1992.52999955513008/19/1
991.62999749835008/26/1991.66999847094009/2/1985.410004
162211009/9/1978.849998149125009/16/1982.62999793221009
/23/1976.04000180139009/30/1976.529999852860010/7/1971.3
499981075290010/14/1966.0800022717230010/21/1963.450001
1660560010/28/1970.3899991697200011/4/1969.849998729700
011/11/1970.010002817980011/18/1973.1600041034030011/25/
1974.5564140012/2/1962.7400022258550012/9/1963.54000118
62210012/16/1966.931163270012/23/1966.639999456910012/3
0/1967.27999949575001/6/2073.089996170464001/13/2075.559
998135758001/20/207360475001/27/2076.30000386694002/3/2
088.639999338086002/10/2090.949997121760002/17/20101.76
0002302144002/24/20105676890003/2/20114.32844188003/9/2
0107.470001587234003/16/20130.550003796475003/23/20151.
699997873504003/30/20128.199997767911004/6/20124.510002
873014004/13/20150.259995562082004/17/20152.34919783633
92
OJ_DataLOGS:Second Regression with fewer
variables:weeksales1sales2sales3sales4sales5price1price2price3
price4price5disp1disp2disp3disp4disp5feat1feat2feat3feat4feat5
grmar1grmar2grmar3grmar4grmar5LOGsales1LOGsales2LOGsa
les3LOGsales4LOGsales5LOGprice1LOGprice2LOGprice3LOG
price4LOGprice5feat2disp2LOGprice1LOGprice2feat240652884
4847040422424320.0570.0600.0300.0470.0250.284313725500.4
27. typing the corresponding letter in the Answer Column.Question
NumberPointsQuestionABCDEAnswer:1A2Consider 2 events, A
and B. A = getting an A in this class. B = getting a B in this
class. Which of the following is true?A and B are independent
events.A and B are mutually exclusive events.A and B are not
independent events.B and CNone of the aboveDThe events are
both mutually exclusive and not independent. You cannot get
both an A and a B, so they rae mutually exclusive. If you get an
A, then you know you did NOT get a B, so they are not
independent.1B2In a symmetric distribution, which of the
following is true?median = meanmedian > meanmedian <
meanNot enough information given.None of the aboveAIn a
symetric distribution, the mean = the median.1C2The null
hypothesis, H not, should beWhat you want to show.The
opposite of what you want to show.Unrelated to what you want
to show.Not enough information given.None of the aboveBThe
null hypothesis should be the opposite of what you want to
show. 1D2The Central Limit Theorem states the following about
sample statistic distributions:for small sample sizes, the sample
statistic distribution will be normally distributed.For large
sample sizes, the sample statistic distribution will be normally
distributed.The sample statistic distribution will look similar to
the population distribution.The sample statistic standard
deviation increases as the sample size increases.None of the
aboveBAnswer B is basically a restatement of the Central Limit
Theorem.1E2Which of the following best measures accuracy of
a regression model?p-valuesresidual plotsR^2 or adjusted R^2t-
statisticNone of the aboveCR^2 (simple regression) or Adjusted
R^2 (multiple regression) tells us about accuracy of the
model.1F2If your data is growing exponentially over time, the
best way to display it isA line graph using a linear scaleA line
graph using a log scaleA scatterplot using a linear scaleA
scatterplot using a log scale.None of the aboveBA line graph is
required because the data is linked over time. A log scale is
better for exponential growth because it makes exponential
growth appear linear.1G2If you run a regression and your R^2 =
28. 0.9 and your p-values are very low, thenYour model is ready to
use.Your model is not good based on the low p-values.Your
model is not good based on the high R^2. You must look at the
residual plots to draw any conclusions.None of the aboveDYou
must look at residual plots. All 3 diagnostic tools must be good
before you should use the model (R^2, p-values, and residual
plots).1H2If you try 100 models, how many do you expect to be
significant at the 5% level simply due to random
chance?01005Not enough information given.None of the
aboveCYou expect 5% of the models to appear good at the 5%
level due to random chance. This means 5% of 100 =
5.1I8Upload your file to canvas with the correct name. This is
worth 6% of the final exam grade. Nothing to submit.Total24
Work_Q1Work can be done on this page for Q1
Q2Question 2: Shorter ProblemsQuestionPointsInstructionsUse
the data from the Data tab to answer the following questions.
The data are weekly adjusted closing prices and volumes for the
stock of Zoom (the conferencing software).
QuestionsNotes:Answer Guide:2A2Average Weekly Adjusted
Close of ZM.88.7051701852Use formula in Excel2B2Weekly
standard deviation of ZM Adjusted
Closes22.58537296422C2Average Weekly Volume of
ZM22271203.55555562D2Weekly standard deviation of
ZM23491893.03329992E2Median Weekly Adjusted Close of
ZM84.02000052F2Median Weekly Volume of
ZM130287002G4What percentage return has ZM generated over
this time period?1.4572451129Use (final - initial)/initial to
compute percentage return.146% increase!2H4Did ZM generate
more of these returns in the FIRST or SECOND half of the data
set?SECONDAnswer FIRST or SECONDEasiest way to answer
is to compute for first and second half returns. Then compare.
Second half return is almost 100%, first half return is much
lower. Work done on data tab.Total20
Work_Q2Work can be done on this page for Q2
Q3Question 3: Longer ProblemsAssumptions and
Information:QuestionsQuestion NumberPointsHuman Resources
29. and Sick DaysAnswers:Notes:Answer Notes:You work as an
analyst at a large firm and are planning schedules for the
upcoming month (pretend there is no Covid-19). From
examining the entire population of workers, you know that an
average employee misses 2.5 days of work each month with a
standard deviation of 0.5. You may assume all months are
identical for your business (stupid assumption in the real world,
but it makes this problem much easier). You study a sample of
200 employees and see that on average they missed 2.7 days
each last month. 3A2What is your best guess for the standard
deviation of sample statistic for this 200 person
sample?0.0353553391Use Central Limit Theorem Formula,
sigma/square root nYour boss is concerned that people are
missing more days of work than they did in the past. Your
sample of 200 will be used to test this. 3B2What is the z-score
associated with your measured mean from the
sample?5.6568542495Use z-score formula: (X-mu)/sigmaNull is
that people are missing the same or fewer days.3C4What is the
p-value associated with the observed mean from your
sample?0.0000000077Draw picture. You want area to right of
5.6 z-score. You could also calculate this area on the raw
variables by feeding the norm.dist command that info.3D4Based
on your sample of 200, would you accept or reject the null
hypothesis at the 1% level?REJECTAnswer Accept or
Rejectreject, as p-value is less than alphaSuppose now that your
boss is concerned that people are missing more or fewer days
than in the past.3E4What is the p-value associated with your
sample under the new null?0.0000000154Double the old p-
value, as now we are considering extreme values on both sides
(2-Tailed)Assume that people are missing days at the same rate
as the entire population of workers from the beginning of the
question.3F2What is the upper bound of the 90% confidence
level for a sample of 1000 workers on average days
missed?2.52600741940.0260074194CONFIDENCE.NORM
gives us the 'garbage' term, or the +- term away from the
middle. So add that garbage term to the middle (mean) to get
30. upper bound.Data Analysis and ProbabilityAnswers:Suppose
you work for the Centers for Disease Control in the US. From
studying the data, you conclude that the number of deaths each
day is drawn from a normal distribution with mean 2000 and
standard deviation 500. 3G2What is the probability that deaths
tomorrow are between 1900 and 2500?0.4206044555Draw a
picture. You want the area between 1900 and 2500. Formulas at
left take area left of 2500 and subtract area left of 1900, leaving
you the area in between.3H2What is the probability that deaths
tomorrow are below 1750?0.3085375387Simpler question, same
logic.Suppose now you are drawing cards from a standard
deck.3I4What is the probability of drawing at least 5 red cards
if you draw 6 cards from a standard 52 card deck without
replacement?0.0145398585answer = probability of getting 5 red
cards + probability of getting 6 red cards = 26 choose 5/52
choose 6 + 26 choose 6/52 choose 6. Excel uses COMBIN for
the choose.Suppose you draw 4 cards without
replacement.3J4What is the probability of drawing exactly 4
face cards (Jack, Queen, King, or 3 for every suit, 12
total)0.001828423712 choose 4/52 choose 43K2How many
combinations of exactly 4 face cards are there in a standard
deck?49512 choose 4 = all the ways you can combine 12 cards
into groups of 4These questions deal with election
polls.Election PollsSuppose you work for Joe Biden's
presidential campaign. You have been tasked with answering
the following quantitative questions about his campaign polls.
You may assume there are only two outcomes, Y for Joe or N
for Joe.3L4How many potential voters do you need to sample to
provide a 2% margin of error at the 95% confidence
interval?2400.9117629338See lecture 9 slies for formula
deriviation. Derived from the formula for the error term or
'garbage'. You change error to known and sample size to the
unknown and use algebra to solve for sample size. Use 0.5 as p
and p' as that is the worst case scenario. N = Zalpha^2 p'(1-
p')/e^2Use NORM.INV of 0.025 to get Zalpha-1.9599639845A
rival analyst challenges your answer to 3L by saying that rather
31. than sampling a certain number, you must sample a certain
percentage of the population to have a good guess at who will
win the election. 3M2Does the rival analyst's claim have any
merit?NAnswer Y, NIt does not matter what portion of the
population you sample. It is the sample size that determines the
error (statistical sampling error).Suppose you run a poll of 300
voters in Texas and find that 155 support Biden. 3N4Using only
your poll, what is the probability that Biden will win Texas?
(assume you must win 50% of the vote to win). 0.718256966Use
proportions formulas from class. Technicallly speaking, we are
using the normal distribution to approximate the binomial
distrbution. For sigma, use CLT version for proportions and
plug in 155/300 for psigma = (155/300*(1-
155/300)/300)^0.5What is the margin of error associated with
the poll in 3N?3O4What is the margin of error associated with
the poll in 3N at the 90% confidence
level?0.0949128951Answer in decimal form, giving the width
of the confidence interval. e = Zalpha * sigma (where sigma
already has square root of n in it). Note I asked for width of the
interval, so I made the answer positive. I also doubled the error,
as the width of the interval is twice the error.-
1.6448536270.0288514715Total46
Work_Q3Work can be done on this page for Q3
Q4Question 4: Working with OJ
DataQuestionPointsInstructionsUse the information on the 5
SKU's from the OJ_Data tab to answer these questions. The
Data Description is posted on canvas if you need to review
it.QuestionsAnswerNotes:Answer Notes:Regress sales2 on
price2.4A2What is the slope coefficient on price2?-
457129.583350942See regression output4B4Using the model
generated by the regression, forecast sales if price =
0.055.9492.8404176904Y = mx + b2Regress LN(sales2) on
LN(price2)4C2What is the slope coefficient on LN(price2)?-
1.806835499See regression output4D4Using the model
generated by the regression, forecast sales if price =
0.055.9242.7902357367EXP(Y=mx+b)4E2Which model has a
32. better R^2?LOGAnswer LOG, LINEAR4F2Which model as
better residual plots?SAMEAnswer LOG, LINEAR,
SAMEReally both residual plots look fine, so I added an answer
'SAME'Regress LN(unit sales of SKU2) on LN of all SKU
prices and marketing strategies (feat and disp) of SKU2. Do
NOT LN feat2 and disp2. (7 Right Hand Side variables).4G6Use
this regression to forecast the unit sales of SKU2 when price2 =
0.055, all other prices equal their historical average, and SKU2
is both featured and displayed that month.
12591.2479687789See work on REG_2_LOG_MULT
sheet4H2Based on this model, what % change in sales would
you expect if you feature SKU2?0.3034774094It is a 30%
change.4I2Are the signs of all of the regression coefficients
sensible?NAnswer Y, NMany are wrong, see highlighting.4J2Do
the relative magnitudes of the coefficients on LN(prices) make
sense?YAnswer Y, NYes, as the coefficient on OWN price
(price2) is largest4K2Based on this model, what % change to
sales would you expect if you raised the price of SKU3 by
10%?0.00491747951/2 of 1% increase in sales of SKU2 when
you increase price of SKU34L2Assuming feature and display
cost the same amount to implement, which is more cost-
effective based on this model?FEATAnswer FEAT, DISPFEAT
has higher coefficient, so it affects sales by more.4M2What is
the R^2 of your regression?0.5290309924You MUST answer
adjsuted R^2 here as it is a multiple regression. This is how the
language is used in the real world. Improve your model by
removing the variables with bad p-values to create a new model.
You need to run a new regression.4N2Are the signs of all of the
regression coefficients sensible?YAnswer Y, NRerun the
regression dropping all the variables with high p-values. Those
are highlighted in red in the REG_2_LOG_MULT sheet.4O2Use
this regression to forecast the unit sales of SKU2 when price2 =
0.055, all other prices equal their historical average, and SKU2
is both featured and displayed that month.
12438.8917062984See work on REG_2_LOG_MULT_2 sheet.
Note that we dropped display from the model, so you do not use
33. it in the prediction.4P2Based on this model, what % change to
sales would you expect if you lowered the price of SKU1 by
20%?-0.0646447846.5% drop. This makes sense, as the
calculated elasticity is roughly 1/3 (0.32). 1/3 of 20% is roughly
6.5%.4Q2What is the R^2 of this new
model?0.53941343534R2Are all of the p-values for this new
model good?YAnswer Y, NTotal46
REG_2_LINSUMMARY OUTPUTRegression StatisticsMultiple
R0.5945602386R Square0.3535018773Adjusted R
Square0.3478308412Standard
Error3566.3962422843Observations116ANOVAdfSSMSFSignifi
cance
FRegression1792845370.931884792845370.93188462.33461877
870Residual1141449986765.895712719182.1569799Total11522
42832136.82759CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower
95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper
95.0%Intercept34634.96750199222915.760180787411.8785377
9271.14621392917241E-
2128858.869041107740411.065962876728858.86904110774041
1.0659628767price2-457129.58335094257899.4814074441-
7.89522759510-571828.010075885-342431.156625998-
571828.010075885-342431.156625998RESIDUAL
OUTPUTObservationPredicted
sales2Residuals17064.33950613861383.660493861427064.3395
0613861287.660493861437064.3395061386711.6604938614470
64.3395061386903.660493861457064.3395061386231.6604938
61467064.3395061386135.660493861477064.3395061386903.6
60493861487064.3395061386135.660493861497064.339506138
64647.6604938614107064.33950613863303.6604938614117064
.339506138639.6604938614127064.3395061386-
632.3395061386137064.3395061386135.6604938614147064.33
950613863111.6604938614157320.8021848786-
1176.8021848786167368.8485154591271.1514845411712778.4
5929802536133.5407019747188492.8694541103-
1772.8694541103198492.8694541103243.1305458897208492.8
694541103723.1305458897218492.86945411034083.130545889