1. PO 375
Fall 2016

4.  Growing Autonomy of Parliaments
 Expansion of Suffrage
 Avenues to Political Power

6.  Elite or Cadre Parties
 Membership restricted to political elite
 Quality of membership
 Internal development within legislatures
 Example: “King Caucus” in United States
 Mass Parties
 Replaced elite control of parties
 Challenges from non-governmental actors
 Quantity of membership
 “Cradle-to-Grave” organizations
 Catch-All Parties
 Ideological flexibility
 What is their political strategy?

12.  Party-in-the-Electorate
 Loyalty and Identification with Party
 Party Identification (“PID”)
 Case Examples: United States, United Kingdom
 What happens if someone has different views?
▪ Likert Scale
Strong
Lib
Weak
Lib
Lean
Lib
Mod
Lean
Cons
Weak
Cons
Strong
Cons

13.  Party Organization
 Party Officials, Committees,Volunteers, Staff
 Functions of Party Organizations
 Party-in-Government
 Officeholders and Candidates
 Local, State, National Levels
 Examples: President, Majority/Minority Leaders

14.  Regional support for the parties change
 Social groups supporting the parties change
 New groups of citizens are mobilized and
become part of electorate
 Voters change not just which party they vote for,
but also the party that they identify with
 Realignments are typically caused by new
issues that divide citizens

17. “A body of men united,
for promoting by their
joint endeavors the
national interest, upon
some particular
principle in which they
are all agreed”
Edmund Burke

18. Sen. Joe Manchin
(D-WV)
Sen. Arlen Specter
(D-PA)
Sen. Jim Jeffords
(I-VT)

19.  Inter and Intra-PartyVariation
 Political Party vs. Political Ideology
 Conservative Democrats, Liberal Republicans
 Politicians’ Choices
▪ Vote or caucus with another party
▪ Defect party and join another

20.  A broad coalition of individuals who:
 (1) Recruit, nominate, and elect candidates for office
 (2) Under a given label
 (3)To control the government
 (4) In accordance with their ideas and policies.

22. Hamilton and
Jefferson both
served in
Washington’s
cabinet.
Despite being
influential to
our founding,
they had
different
conceptions
concerning
government.

25.  Presidential electors now popularly elected
 Property qualifications for voting dropped
 Voter turnout increased dramatically
 “King Caucus” replaced by nominating
conventions

26. The Whigs formed in opposition to
Jackson’s presidency and policies.

27. Racial issues
and sectional
strife in the
1850s divided
the North and
South in
America.
This resulted in theThird Party System—
and the birth of the Republican Party

29. The Whig party dissolved at this point. It could not survive the slavery
issue while also grappling with the anti-slavery Republican party.

30. The
Australian
Ballot was
adopted to
counteract
party
machines.
Women’s suffrage
occurred in 1920 with
the 19th Amendment.

32. Standard Oil
Company,
John D.
Rockefeller

33.  Death of Populist Movement
 Beginning of Republican Dominance
From L to R:
Presidents
Warren G.
Harding,
Calvin
Coolidge,
and Herbert
Hoover.

35. FDR’s decisive victory over Hoover led to the “New Deal,” which included social
welfare programs. These programs were continued under the Eisenhower
administration, and expanded on during the Kennedy and Johnson years.

37.  Changes Regarding Ideology and Party ID
 African-Americans: Republican  Democrat
 White Southerners: Democrat  Republican
 Rise of candidate-centered system
 Rise of Third-Party Candidates
 Defined by intense partisanship and gridlock