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Linked Data Applications:
There is no One-Size-Fits-All
          Formula

                         Asunción Gómez-Pérez
        Facultad de Informática, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
      Campus de Montegancedo sn, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid
                         http://www.oeg-upm.net
                             asun@fi.upm.es


Acknowledgements:
O.Corcho, D. Garijo, D. Vila, L.Vilches, B. Villazón
  Work distributed under the license Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0
Table of content


1.    The concept
2.    Foundations
3.    The process
4.    Examples
       •         Libraries: http://datos.bne.es
       •         Geo: http://geo.linkeddata.es/
       •         Metereology:http://aemet.linkeddata.es/
       •         Travelling: http://webenemasuno.linkeddata.es/


     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   2
Complex queries using data from heterogeneous Web
                                                        pages




                          http://www.bne.es/


                                                                                         http://elviajero.elpais.com/




Cervantes enthusiast from Germany
visiting Madrid and willing to know
more about Cervantes’ work and life




                        http://www.viaf.org/
                                                                                                        http://www.aemet




      SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering andattribution: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Gugerell
                                                        *Picture the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain                          3
BD              BD          BD IGN    BD            BD
       BD BNE          VIAF           AEMET                  Prisa        DBpedia                        Data Integration

                                BNE


                                       Ubicado en
                                                                                                      Alcalá de Henares
  1605                        El Quijote
                 Año de                                                                                         Same as
                Publicación            Autor                                             birthPlace

                                                                         M. Cervantes                  Alcalá de Henares
                         M. Cervantes




                          M. Cervantes

                    creator
 Year of
publication       Don Quixote

1960                                                                                                      Alcalá de Henares
                                                                     Alcalá de Henares
Translated
into
                                                                                                                              Temperatura
                        located                                              guía
Hebrew
                                                                                                                              20º
                                                                        Tapas Siglo
                                                                        de Oro
                VIAF


           SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain                            4
Table of content


1.    The concept
2.    Foundations
3.    The process
4.    Examples
       •         Libraries: http://datos.bne.es
       •         Geo: http://geo.linkeddata.es/
       •         Metereology:http://aemet.linkeddata.es/
       •         Travelling: http://webenemasuno.linkeddata.es/


     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   5
The model (Ontology) and the data
                                 Idiom



                   translation
                                             Is creator of                 birthPlace
Year                               Work                       Person                          Place                    Ontology
       Publication date


          Located at

                                          Has subject
         Library




                                                              Catalán



                                                translation
                                                                            Is creator of
                                                                                                          birthPlace
                            1960                              El Quijote                    Cervantes                  Alcalá de Henares
                                     Publication date

                                                                        Has subject

                                                Located in                                                                  Data
                                                                                      Vida de Cervantes
                          BNE


       SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain                                13
The model (Ontology) and the data
          Language
         http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/C1002
                                                                                                                                                      Ontology

                          translation
                                                                           Is creator of
                      work                                                                            Person
Año                   http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/C1001                    http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/C1005
           Publication date
                                                                                                                                               birthPlace
                                                                          Has subject
                      Located in                                                                                             http://geo.linkeddata.es/ontology/Municipio


             Biblioteca
              http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization




                                   Catalán
                                   http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1924295


                                                                 translation                                           http://geo.linkeddata.es/resource/Alcalá de Henares

                                   Don Quijote de la Mancha
                                                                                                   Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de
                                                                                   Es autor                                                           birthPlace
1960                               http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX3383563                        http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1718747
       Publication date


                                                                                                  Has subject


                                                         Located in                         http://datos.bne.es/resource/bimo0002045496

                                             BNE                                                 Vida de Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra

                                             http://datos.bne.es/#                                                                                            Data
          SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
                                                                                                    14
Table of content


1.    The concept                                                 Specification



2.    Foundations                                                  Modelling



3.    The process                                                    RDF
                                                                   Generation

4.    Examples                                                      Links
                                                                  Generation


                                                                  Publication



                                                                  Exploitation




     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   15
Specification

                         • Data sources analysis
  Modelling



    RDF
                         • URI Design
  Generation


   Links                 • License definition
 Generation


  Publication



 Exploitation




Reunión bilateral CNIG – OEG
       SSSW-12: 9th Summer
Proyecto OTALEX
                               School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   16
Specification
                                                                                                      URI design

 Specification           •      Meaningful URIs vs opaque URIs
                         •      Separate TBox (ontology model) from ABox

  Modelling              •      Base URI
                                http://linkeddata.es/
    RDF                         http://geo.linkeddata.es/
  Generation                    http://otalex.linkeddata.es/

   Links                 •      Ontología (TBox URIs)
 Generation                     http://phenomenontology.linkeddata.es/ontology/{concept|property}
                                http://phenomenontology.linkeddata.es/ontology/Municipality
  Publication


                         •      Datos (ABox URIs)
 Exploitation
                                http://geo.linkeddata.es/resource/{resource type}/{resource name}
                                http://geo.linkeddata.es/resource/Municipio/Azuaga




Reunión bilateral CNIG – OEG
       SSSW-12: 9th Summer
Proyecto OTALEX
                               School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain         17
Specification
                                                                                       License Definition
                         • Several possibilities
 Specification
                                  • The UK Open Government License
                                  • Open Database License
  Modelling
                                  • Public Domain Dedication and License
    RDF                           • Open Data Commons Attribution License
  Generation
                                  • The Creative Commons Licenses (CC)
   Links
 Generation
                         • It is also possible to reuse and apply an existing
  Publication              license of the (government) data sources.

 Exploitation




Reunión bilateral CNIG – OEG
       SSSW-12: 9th Summer
Proyecto OTALEX
                               School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain         18
Modelling
                                                                                                     Ontology


  Specification        • Ontologies:
                             •   A set of terms
                             •   A set of explicit assumptions regarding the intended meaning of
   Modelling                     the terms.
                                   • Almost always including concepts and their classification
                                   • Almost always including properties between concepts
 RDF Generation



Links Generation
                       • Shared understanding of a domain of interest

   Publication         • Ontologies expressed in OWL or RDF(S), both based on
                         RDF
  Exploitation
                       • The NeOn methodology helps to build ontologies


     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain          19
2. Vocabulary development

     Identification                   • Features
 of the data sources
                                             • Lightweight :
       Vocabulary                                • Taxonomies and a few properties
      development
                                             • Consensuated vocabularies
                                                 • To avoid the mapping problems
        Generation
     of the RDF Data                         • Multilingual
                                                 • Linked data are multilingual
       Publication
    of the RDF data                   • The NeOn methodology can help to
                                             • Re-enginer Non ontological resources into ontologie
    Data cleansing
                                                 • Pros: use domain terminology already
                                                   consensuated by domain experts
        Linking
      the RDF data                           • Withdraw in heavyweight ontologies those features
                                               that you don’t need
   Enable effective                          • Reuse existing vocabularies
      discovery


Asunción Gómez Pérez 9th
       SSSW-12:            Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   21
NeOn Methodology
                                               Knowledge Resources

    Non Ontological Resources                                   Ontological Resources

Glossaries                                       O. Design Patterns     O. Repositories and Registries        3   4
                     Dictionaries   Lexicons

                                                                                       Flogic
                                                                                                                   5       6
Classification
                      Taxonomies    Thesauri                                          RDF(S)
  Schemas
                                                                                       OWL                         Ontological Resource
                      2                                                                                                   Reuse


                 2                                                                                                                           5 6
                                                 Ontology Design                                4                              O. Aligning
 Non Ontological Resource
                                                  Pattern Reuse              3
         Reuse
                                                                                                          6                    O. Merging

             2                                                              Ontological Resource
                                                    7                          Reengineering                        5                  Alignments
 Non Ontological Resource
      Reengineering                                                    4 6
1
                                                                                                                  RDF(S)
     O. Specification               O. Conceptualization O. Formalization            O. Implementation
                                                                                                                           Flogic

                                                      8
                                      9                    Ontology Restructuring
                 O. Localization                              (Pruning, Extension,                                  OWL
                                                          Specialization, Modularization)

                                                                                                         1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9
     Ontology Support Activities: Knowledge Acquisition (Elicitation); Documentation;
               Configuration Management; Evaluation (V&V); Assessment
         SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Modelling
                                                        Reuse available vocabularies

     Reuse suitable
     Ontologies and
      vocabularies


                                                                                    Linked Open Vocabularies

            …

    Search for suitable
 non-ontological resources




          are there              Yes                  Build the vocabulary by
           suitable                                   transforming available
         resources?                                          resources


                 No                                    Domain-related sites


Build the vocabulary from                                                       Government Catalogs
                                               Highly reliable Web Sites
         scratch

 SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain                 23
Publicación


Specification



 Modelling
                       Data publication

   RDF                 Metadata publicacion using VOID
 Generation


  Links
                       To facilitate the discovery
Generation
                             • Register in CKAN your dataset
Publication
                             • Use to sitemap4rdf to generate the site map
Exploitation
                             • Upload the site map to Google and Sindice




   SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Table of content


1.    The concept
2.    Foundations
3.    The process
4.    Examples
       •         Libraries: http://datos.bne.es
       •         http://linkeddata3.dia.fi.upm.es/bne-demo
       •         Geo: http://geo.linkeddata.es/
       •         Metereology: http://aemet.linkeddata.es/
       •         Travelling: http://webenemasuno.linkeddata.es/
     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   25
MARC21


  Specification
                         • Different communication formats:
                               • MARC 21 format for Bibliographic Data
   Modelling
                               • MARC 21 format for Authority Data
                               • Others: Holdings, Classification, etc.

 RDF Generation
                         • Three main elements:
                               • Record structure: ISO 2709. Fields, indicators,
Links Generation                 subfields…
                               • Content designation: "Meaning" of codes and
                                 conventions
   Publication
                               • Content: Defined outside the MARC standard (ISBD,
                                 AACR..)
  Exploitation




     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain       26
Specification@ BNE
                         •    Records in the MARC 21 format
                         •    3.9 million bibliographical records
  Specification
                         •    4.2 million authority records
   Modelling
                         •    Version: November, 2011

                               AUTHORITY                                            BIBLIOGRAPHIC
 RDF Generation



Links Generation
                                        Persons                                     76576   Maps
                                        Corporate bodies                            320727 Sound recordings
   Publication                          Conferences                                 166017 Gravings, drawings, pictures

                                        Titles                                      35770   Manuscripts

                                        Subject                                     143959 Ancient books
                                                                                    2696560 Modern books
  Exploitation
                                                                                    178473 Scores
                                                                                    3021    Electronic resources
                                                                                    156634 Serials
                                                                                    96672   Videos

     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain                    27
MARC21 record structure


Specification         • Authority record: Camus, Albert*
                      Control Field            001 XX1721208
                                               005 200012181124
                                               008 901120nn aijnnaabn n aaa
                                               016 $a BNE19900178994
                                               040 $a SpMaBN $b spa $c SpMaBN $e rdc $f
                                                  embne
   Field        Subfield       Content         100 10 $a Camus, Albert
                                                                                         HEADING
                Subfield       Content                                                        1XX
                                                      $d 1913-1960
                                               670 $a El mite de Sísif, 1987 $b port. (Albert
                                                  Camus)
                                               670 $a Dic. de filosofía, de J. Ferrater Mora,
                                                  1980$b(Camus., Albert (1913-1960); n.
                                                  Mondovi, Argel)
                                               670 $a Aut. BN-OPALE, 1995 $b (Camus, Albert)
    * http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1721208
   SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain    28
MARC21 record content designation

• Authority record: Camus, Albert*
     Control Number                              001 XX1721208
                                                                         HEADING – Personal
      Personal name             Name             100 10 $a Camus, Albert              Name
                                                                                        100
      Dates associated with name                           $d 1913-1960

    Source consulted            Citation         670      $a El mite de Sísif, 1987 $b port. (Albert
                                                       Camus)


• Human reading:
  An authority record that describes a Person, named
  Camus, Albert with associated dates 1913-1960


 * http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1721208
SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain          29
Frecuency of codes in records


  Specification



   Modelling



 RDF Generation



Links Generation



   Publication



  Exploitation




     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   30
Specification


                       • Source data: MARC 21 records, not RDB. Very flat
  Specification
                         structure difficult to map to richer models


   Modelling           • Domain experts (catalogers) need to be part of the mapping
                         process.
 RDF Generation
                       • Data quality good but still many errors: reporting.

Links Generation
                       • Iterative and incremental transformation process: measure
                         coverage and progress.
   Publication

                       • Highly specialized library models: FRBR, ISBD.
  Exploitation         • Multilinguality, collaboration with IFLA



     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Model: FRBR at a glance

                                                                           Work 2
  Specification
                                                                                                          Works

                                      Work 1
   Modelling                                                                    Work 3


 RDF Generation


                                                     Expression 2
Links Generation
                           Expression1                                                               Expressions


   Publication



  Exploitation
                                                                                               Manifestations
                            Manifestation1                     Manifestation2


     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain             32
The Ontology: based on IFLA vocabularies


Specification



 Modelling



   RDF
 Generation


  Links
Generation


Publication



Exploitation




   SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Who will be the mapping generator?

                       001   XX1721208
Specification
                       005   200012181124
                       008   901120nn aijnnaabn n aaa
                       016   $a BNE19900178994
 Modelling             040   $a SpMaBN $b spa $c SpMaBN $e rdc $f embne
                       100   10 $a Camus, Albert

                              $d 1913-1960
   RDF                 670 $a El mite de Sísif, 1987 $b port. (Albert Camus)
 Generation            670 $a Dic. de filosofía, de J. Ferrater Mora,
                           1980$b(Camus., Albert (1913-1960); n. Mondovi,
                           Argel)
  Links                670 $a Aut. BN-OPALE, 1995 $b (Camus, Albert)
Generation


Publication



Exploitation



  BNE



   SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Similar to mapping ontologies




                                100a               maps                   Person

                                                   maps
Content                        Content
 (100a)                        (100at)                                    is creator of
           contained in

                                                  maps
                                100at                                       Work

                          subfield
                                                                                 property

                                                  maps
                               100t                                       title of work




SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   35
Marimba allows librarians to create mappings

• Three spreadsheets:



     Classification                                   Basic structure
       mapping
                                  MARC21         Records count         Content sample            Mapping
                                   info
                                  100 $a $d          888.880             Camus, Albert          foaf:Person
                                                                          1913-1960

      Annotation                    100 $a           999.999          Cervantes, Miguel         foaf:name
       mapping                                                               de
                                  100 $a $m           10.000           Cervantes, iguel          ERROR



    Relationships
      mapping


SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain                 36
Librarians create mappings using excell
Classification
  mapping




          Classification                                   Basic structure
            mapping
                                       MARC21         Records count         Content sample            Mapping
                                        info
                                       100 $a $d          888.880             Camus, Albert          foaf:Person
                                                                               1913-1960

           Annotation                    100 $a           999.999          Cervantes, Miguel         foaf:name
            mapping                                                               de
                                       100 $a $m           10.000           Cervantes, iguel          ERROR



         Relationships
           mapping


     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain                 37
Librarians create mappings using excell
                                         Annotation
                                          mapping



                                                                 place of publication




                                                                  has dimensions




                                                                                           Is part of work




                                                                                        Relationships
                                                                                          mapping
SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain                38
Marimba interprets the Mappings and generate the RDF
                       001 XX1721208
                       ……
Specification          100 10 $a Camus, Albert
                              $d 1913-1960
                       ……

 Modelling         •    Classify: Exploiting the heading field and subfield codes.
                             100 $a $d  Person (it has a personal name)
   RDF                       100 $a $d $t  Work (it has a title)
 Generation

                   •    Annotate: Using subfield codes and the content.
  Links
Generation                  100 $a "Camus, Albert"  frbr:3001 "Camus, Albert"
                            100 $t "La Peste"  frbr:P3039 "La Peste"
Publication
                       MARC 21 record               Action                        RDF (Output)
                       (Input)
Exploitation
                       100 $a $d                    Classify                      rdf:type frbr:C1005
                       100 $a Camus,                Annotate                      frbr:P3039 "Camus,
  BNE
                       Albert                                                     Albert"
                       100 $d 1913-1960             Annotate                            frbr:P3040 "1913-
                                                                                        1960"
   SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain         39
Mapping process more in detail

                       • But, what about the relationships between the entities?
     RDF               • Relationships between records are not explicit in MARC.
   Generation
                                         Goal: The work "La Peste" was created by Albert Camus




001 XX1721208                                         001 XX1910518

100 10 $a Camus, Albert $d 1913-1960                  100 10 $a Camus, Albert$d1913-1960 $tLa peste
        Common                                                   Common                             Diff

                                                      Work


        We know the type of R1 and R2, and we look at the heading diff

                   bne:XX1721208             frbr:2010    bne:XX1910518
                                           (isCreatorOf)
                               * http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1910518
    SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain          40
Marimba: Mapping process summary
                          (MARC records)
                         001 XX1721208                               001 XX1910518
Specification
                         100 10 $a Camus, Albert $d 1913-1960        100 10 $a Camus, Albert$d1913-1960 $tLa
                                                                          peste
 Modelling           Classify
                         bne:XX1721208 a frbr:Person                 bne:XX1910518 a frbr:Work

   RDF
 Generation
                     Annotate
  Links                  bne:XX1721208 a frbr:Person                 bne:XX1910518 a frbr:Work
Generation                   frbr:name "Camus, Albert" .                 frbr:title "La Peste"
                              frbr:hasDates 1913-1960

Publication
                     Relate
                      bne:XX1721208 a frbr:Person                     bne:XX1910518 a frbr:Work
                          frbr:name "Camus, Albert" .                     frbr:title "La Peste" .
Exploitation               frbr:hasDates 1913-1960 .                      frbr:isCreatedBy bne:XX1721208
                          frbr:isCreatorOf bne:XX1721208

  BNE



   SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain               41
Marimba uses the ontology to generate RDF


Specification



 Modelling



   RDF
 Generation


  Links
Generation


Publication



Exploitation



  BNE



   SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Marimba links with other resources:
                                                              VIAF, DNB, SUDOC, LIBRIS, DBpedia

                             http://d-nb.info/gnd/11851993X
Specification
                                                                   DNB




 Modelling                                               http://viaf.org/viaf/17220427
                                                                                                  VIAF


                           Same As
   RDF                                     Same As                 http://dbpedia.org/resource/Miguel_de_Cervantes
 Generation
                                                                                                                     DBpedia
                                                                    Same As
  Links
Generation
                                http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1718747

                                                                                              BNE
Publication                                                         Same As

                                            Same As
Exploitation                                                     http://www.idref.fr/026774771/id
                                                                                                         SUDOC



                                        http://libris.kb.se/resource/auth/45369

                                                                                         LIBRIS



   SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Marimba links with other resources:
                                                      VIAF, DNB, SUDOC, LIBRIS, DBpedia


Specification



 Modelling



   RDF
 Generation


  Links
Generation


Publication



Exploitation




   SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Publicación


Specification



 Modelling
                       Data publication

   RDF                 Metadata publicacion using VOID
 Generation


  Links
                       To facilitate the discovery
Generation
                             • Register in CKAN your dataset
Publication
                             • Use to sitemap4rdf to generate the site map
Exploitation
                             • Upload the site map to Google and Sindice




   SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Exploitation

                            Web Interface
Especification
Specification



 Modelling
  Model



    RDF
 Generation
 generation


  Links
Publication
Generation
                                  SPARQL queries
Exploitation
Publication
                                                                                                URI Cervantes
                                         select distinct COUNT(?Obras) where {

                                         http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1718747                      Is author
Exploitation
                                          <http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/P2010>
                                         ?Obras
                                         }



                           http://bne.linkeddata.es/
   SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   48
SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   49
SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   50
Technological Support

• Modelling:
      • Open Metadata Registry
      • Neon Toolkit


• Mapping and generation
      • MARiMbA: Library-oriented, supports and facilitates the
        entire process od transformation from MARC21 to RDF


• Publication:
      •   Virtuoso Universal Server
      •   Pubby
      •   CKAN registry
      •   Sitemap4rdf
• Exploitation:
      • Web Applications that visualize data using SPARQL
SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Results: datos.bne.es

•   Total number of authority records: 4.100.000
•   Total number of bibliographical records: 2.390.140
•   Total number of RDF triples: 58.053.215
•   Number of links: (15% authorities): 587.520
•   Linked sources:
     •    VIAF
     •    SUDOC (French collective university catalogue) FR
     •    GND (German National Library of authorities) GER
     •    LIBRIS Sweden
     •    DBPedia
     •    Soon BNF


         http://bne.linkeddata.es/

    SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   52
Table of content


1.    The concept
2.    Foundations
3.    The process
4.    Examples
       •         Libraries: http://datos.bne.es
       •         http://linkeddata3.dia.fi.upm.es/bne-demo
       •         Geo: http://geo.linkeddata.es/
       •         Metereology: http://aemet.linkeddata.es/
       •         Travelling: http://webenemasuno.linkeddata.es/
     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   53
Identification and selection of data sources

                                  Geographical
  Specification                     Spanish
                                    Institute
   Modelling



 RDF Generation



Links Generation

                                     Statistical
   Publication
                                        Spanish
                                        institute

  Exploitation




     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   54
• Geographic Spanish Institute
  Specification              •   Multilingual (Spanish, Vasc, Gallician, Catalan)
                             •   Conceptualization mistmatches
                             •   Granularity (scale concept)
   Modelling
                             •   Textual information
                                          Inform. Hidrográfica: reservoir, river, , etc.
 RDF Generation                           Transportes. Vía desdoblada, Ferrocarril, …
                                          Unidades Administrativas. Municipality
                             • Particularaties
Links Generation
                                • Longitude and latitude

   Publication
                             • Statistic Spanish Institute
                                   • Monolingual
  Exploitation
                                   • Numerical information
                                   • Particularaties
                                      • Geo (textual level) and Temporal
     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   55
1. Identification and selection of the data sources


IGN-E




SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Specification
                                                                        Statistical information

Specification



 Modelling



   RDF
 Generation


  Links
Generation


Publication



Exploitation




   SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain         57
2. Lightweight Ontology Development
                                                                                           WGS84 Geo
                                                                                        Positioning: an RDF
                                                                                            vocabulary                                             scv:Dimension
   Specification                     hydrographical
                                   phenomena (rivers,            W3C       4
                                                                                                                                                      scv:Item
                                                                                                                                                    scv:Dataset
                                       lakes, etc.)              Vocabulary

                                                                                                                                  O.
     Modelling                                                                                       hasStatisticalData        Statistics
                                                  hasLat/Long       WGS84          hasLat/Long
                                                                                                                             SCOVO

       RDF
                                                                                                                      on
     Generation                        hydrOntology             hasLocation/isLocated              FAO
                                                                                                                                                       Vocabulary for
                                                                                                                                    O.                 instants, intervals,
                                                                                                   FAO                                                 durations, etc.
     Links                                                                                                                         Time
                                UNESCO                                                             Geopolitical
   Generation
                              EGM / ERM      4      hasGeometry
                                                                                 hasGeometry
                                                                                                   ontology
                                                                                                                             W3C Time
                              GeoNames
                              …                                       GML
    Publication
                                                                                                              Names and                          Legend
                                                                                                              international code
                                 Ontology for OGC                 GML         4                               systems for
                                                                                                              territories and
                                                                                                                                            Ontology
                                 Geography Markup                 Specification                               groups
    Exploitation                 Language                                                                                                   Specification     4
                                                                                                                                            Thesaurus
Classes                  33       33
Object Properties        44       44                                                                                                               reused
Data Properties         318      318              Following the INSPIRE
                                                  (INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe) recommendation.
                                                   hydrOntology,SCOVO, FAO Geopolitcal, WGS84, GML, and Time
          SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Hydroontology

                                                                                                    Nivel superior




Nivel inferior

    SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Implementation

                                                                                   + Pellet

                      1                                            4
                                                                                                2




                                                                       5




                                                                                                    3




SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Geospatial Model

                                                            geoes: http://geo.linkeddata.es/
                                                            geo: http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#




                                           geoes:ontology/Geometry

                      rdfs:subClassOf                                        rdfs:subClassOf
                                          rdfs:subClassOf


          geo:Point                          geoes:ontology/Curve                       geoes:ontology/Polygon


                                              Composed by                                 Composed by


geo:lat       geo:long
                                                Collection of 2 or                             Collection of 3 or
                                                more geo:Points                                more geo:Points




62


     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
3. Generation of RDF

    Identification
of the data sources
                               • From the Data sources
    Vocabulary                        • Geographic information (Databases)
   development
                                      • Statistic information (.xsl)
     Generation                       • Geospatial information
  of the RDF Data

    Publication                • Different technologies for RDF
 of the RDF data
                                 generation
  Data cleansing
                                      • NOR20 (from excell, XML, text files, …)
                                      • R20 and ODEMapster (from Databases)
     Linking                          • Geometry2RDF and SPh2RDF (for Geo
   the RDF data                         data)

 Enable effective
    discovery


 SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
3. Generation of the RDF Data / instances


                · Classification
                schemes
                 · Thesauri                 NOR2O
                 · Lexicons



•    PR-NORs define a procedure that transforms a Non-Ontological Resource
     (NOR) components into ontology elements. http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/




                                                    NOR2O




      FAO Water classification
      · Classification scheme
      · Path enumeration data model
      · Implemented in a database

SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
3. Generation of the RDF Data – NOR2O
Industry Production Index          Year




Province




                                                           NOR2O




       SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
RDF geoespatial

   Specification



     Modelling



        RDF
     Generation
                                                                     geometry2RDF
     Links
   Generation


    Publication



   Exploitation                                                 shp2RDF




                                                                          shp2RDF

Reunión bilateral CNIG – OEG
        SSSW-12: 9th
Proyecto OTALEX
                               Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   70
Generación
                                Generación de RDF geoespacial (geometry2RDF)

   Specification

                                                                                       Oracle STO UTIL package

     Modelling

                                                               SELECT TO_CHAR(SDO_UTIL.TO_GML311GEOMETRY(geometry))
                                                                           AS Gml311Geometry
        RDF                                                    FROM "BCN200"."BCN200_0301L_RIO" c
     Generation                                                WHERE c.Etiqueta='Arroyo'


     Links
   Generation


    Publication



   Exploitation




Reunión bilateral CNIG – OEG
        SSSW-12: 9th
Proyecto OTALEX
                               Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain         71
Generación
                                            Generación de RDF geoespacial (shp2RDF)

   Specification



     Modelling



        RDF
     Generation


     Links
   Generation


    Publication



   Exploitation




Reunión bilateral CNIG – OEG
        SSSW-12: 9th
Proyecto OTALEX
                               Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain         72
3. Generation of the RDF Data – Geometry2RDF




SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
RDF geoespatial
                                                             geoes: http://geo.linkeddata.es/
                                                             otalex: http://otalex.linkeddata.es/
                                                             geo: http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#

                         otalex:resource/wgs84/…


  74     otalex:resource/wgs84/38.98531526569159_-                                               38.985
                     5.498594084713078                                           geo:lat


                                                                           geo:long
 otalex:resource/wgs84/38.982575823226234_-                                                      -5.498
              5.495821779307759


 otalex:resource/ 38.984222213320045_-
           5.49938294416971
                                                                            Embalse de Orellana

                                                                                           rdfs:label
                                                    geo:geometry
               otalex:resource/4e994dad1c44d2                         geoes:resource/Embalse/Embalse
                b50597dd64ddfbcac30de06d80                                   %20de%20Orellana


                                    rdf:type                                               rdf:type


                        geoes:Polígono                                    geoes:ontology/Embalse
                          (Polygon)                                             (reservoir)
SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain                74
Specification



 Modelling



   RDF
 Generation


  Links
Generation


Publication



Exploitation




   SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain   75
Statistics in RDF
RDF Data Cube – DataSet                                  rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
                                                         qb: http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
                            qb:DataSet                   ota: http://otalex.linkeddata.es/resource/

                      rdf:type


                        ota:ds/population



      qb:dataSet                                     qb:dataSet                                     8396

                                                                                        otaonto:population

 ota:ds/population/Atala            ……            ota:ds/population/Azu
                                                                                             otaonto:geoArea
        ya_2008                                         aga_2008


             rdf:type                                  rdf:type                      ota:Municipio/Azuaga

                              qb:Observation


    SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain            76
Specification

                                  http://dbpedia.org/resource/Azuaga
 Modelling
                                                                                         DBpedia


   RDF                             Same As
 Generation


  Links
Generation
                                  http://geo.linkeddata.es/page/resource/Municipio/Azuaga
Publication                                                                                           IGN



Exploitation
                                          Same As


                                      http://www.geonames.org/2521436/
                                                                                           Geonames


   SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Exploitation
                                                                                                      Exploitation
Especification
Specification                                                                                Visualización
                                   Web Interface
   Modelling
    Model



     RDF
  Generation
  generation
                              map4rdf:
   Links
                                 • Google maps viewer of RDF resources
 Publication
 Generation                                     • Resources with spatial information

 Exploitation
                                      • Used in other applications like AEMET, Goodrelations,
 Publication
                                      GeoLinked Data, El Viajero…

 Exploitation                                                                                    SPARQL



                                                     map4rdf

http://oegdev.dia.fi.upm.es/projects/map4rdf/                                                   Triplestore
     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
• Simple SPARQL Query
   • To get the RDF instances of the Laguna concept, and their
     geometry property.
                     SELECT ?x ?geo WHERE {?x rdf:type <http://geo.linkeddata.es/ontology/Laguna> .
                     ?x <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#geometry> ?geo}




• Complex SPARQL Query:
   • To get resources near the city of Azuaga, at a distance of 10Km
     (0.1) and with labels in spanish. The query has a limit of 50
     resources.

        PREFIX geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#>
        SELECT ?subject ?label ?latitude2 ?longitude2 WHERE
        {<http://geo.linkeddata.es/resource/Municipio/Azuaga>
        <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#geometry> ?g. ?g geo:lat ?latitude. ?g geo:long ?longitude.
        ?subject <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#geometry> ?g2. ?g2 geo:lat ?latitude2. ?g2 geo:long
        ?longitude2. ?subject rdfs:label ?label. FILTER(xsd:double(?latitude2) - xsd:double(?latitude) <= 0.1 &&
        xsd:double(?latitude) - xsd:double(?latitude2) <= 0.1 && xsd:double(?longitude2) - xsd:double(?longitude) <=
        0.1 && xsd:double(?longitude) - xsd:double(?longitude2) <= 0.1 && lang(?label) = "es"). } limit 50


 SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain                         81
SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
geo.linkeddata.es




SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
aemet.linkeddata.es




SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
webenemasuno.linkeddata.es/




SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Phase                BNE                IGN               AEMET                 PRISA                 INE

                                     hydrontology                                                       Scovo
  Modeling                                                 SSN ontology
                                      Wgs84
                             DC                                                          SIOC         Data cube
                                      time

                      MARiMbA
RDF generation
                                     geometry2rdf
                                        NOR2O                CSV parser            CSV parser           NOR2O

                                            Silk                 Silk                 Silk
                                                                                                        NOR2O
                                                                                DBPEDIA
    Links               DNB               DBPEDIA
                        VIAF                              Geolinkeddata.es                           Geolinkeddata.es
  generation            LIBRIS            Geonames                              Geolinkeddata.es
                        DBPEDIA



  Publication                                            Pubby
                                                                                                     sitemap4rdf


                                                                         SPARQL
 Exploitation         map4rdf
     SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain               87
Linked Data

Data & Knowledge
  Visualization




     Linking




     RDF
   Generation




       SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
Results
       http://datos.bne.es                                            http://webenemasuno.linkeddata.es/

•     Total number of authority records: 4.100.000                •   Total number of guides: 27.876
•     Total number of bibliographic records:                      •   Total number of posts: 32.502
      2.390.140                                                   •   Total number of locations: 6.838
•     Total number of RDF triples: 58.053.215                     •   Total number of RDF triples: 9.462.339
•     Links (15% authority): 587.520                              •   Linked sources: 12.750
•     Linked sources:                                                   DBPedia (6024 links)
       •   VIAF                                                         GeoLinkedData (6726 links)
       •   SUDOC (Sistema Universitario de
           Documentación) FR
       •   GND (Auth German National Library) GER
       •   LIBRIS Sweden
       •   DBPedia


    http://geo.linkeddata.es/

Number of geo type phenomenon: 95 (Rivers, mountains, etc.)
Number of geo entities: 155.000
Total number of RDF triples: 21.564.199
Links: 1002 (outlinks) y 6782 (coming)
Linked sources: DBpedia y GeoNames (outlinks)
                AEMET y El Viajero (entry)


      SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain        89
Lessons learnt
• URI                                                                          Learn about Linked Data
      •   Follow existing design guidelines for new URIs                      with UPM official courses in
      •   Reuse existing URIs from authoritative sources                              one week
• Models
      •   Reuse existing models when available
      •   Create new models from authoritative sources
      •   Do not forget to align your model with existing models
• Generation
      •   Vertical domains usually require specific tools for generation
• Link
      •   Generic link discovery tools performs well in vertical domains
      •   Link to other data sets using
                                                 bne:Cervantes                                 Dbpedia:cervantes
            • Equivalence links (sameAs)                                sameAs
                                                  Person                                       Municipality
            • Typed links                                          birthPlace

• Discovery
      •   Use sitemap4rdf to allow search engines to find your data
•    Use an iterative-incremental life cycle in your development

    SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain                  90
Linked Data Applications:
There is no One-Size-Fits-All
          Formula

                         Asunción Gómez-Pérez
        Facultad de Informática, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
      Campus de Montegancedo sn, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid
                         http://www.oeg-upm.net
                             asun@fi.upm.es


Acknowledgements:
O.Corcho, D. Garijo, D. Vila, L.Vilches, B. Villazón
  Work distributed under the license Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0

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Linked DAta Applications: There is no One-Size-Fits All Formula (Long presentation)

  • 1. Linked Data Applications: There is no One-Size-Fits-All Formula Asunción Gómez-Pérez Facultad de Informática, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Campus de Montegancedo sn, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid http://www.oeg-upm.net asun@fi.upm.es Acknowledgements: O.Corcho, D. Garijo, D. Vila, L.Vilches, B. Villazón Work distributed under the license Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0
  • 2. Table of content 1. The concept 2. Foundations 3. The process 4. Examples • Libraries: http://datos.bne.es • Geo: http://geo.linkeddata.es/ • Metereology:http://aemet.linkeddata.es/ • Travelling: http://webenemasuno.linkeddata.es/ SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 2
  • 3. Complex queries using data from heterogeneous Web pages http://www.bne.es/ http://elviajero.elpais.com/ Cervantes enthusiast from Germany visiting Madrid and willing to know more about Cervantes’ work and life http://www.viaf.org/ http://www.aemet SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering andattribution: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Gugerell *Picture the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 3
  • 4. BD BD BD IGN BD BD BD BNE VIAF AEMET Prisa DBpedia Data Integration BNE Ubicado en Alcalá de Henares 1605 El Quijote Año de Same as Publicación Autor birthPlace M. Cervantes Alcalá de Henares M. Cervantes M. Cervantes creator Year of publication Don Quixote 1960 Alcalá de Henares Alcalá de Henares Translated into Temperatura located guía Hebrew 20º Tapas Siglo de Oro VIAF SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 4
  • 5. Table of content 1. The concept 2. Foundations 3. The process 4. Examples • Libraries: http://datos.bne.es • Geo: http://geo.linkeddata.es/ • Metereology:http://aemet.linkeddata.es/ • Travelling: http://webenemasuno.linkeddata.es/ SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 5
  • 6. The model (Ontology) and the data Idiom translation Is creator of birthPlace Year Work Person Place Ontology Publication date Located at Has subject Library Catalán translation Is creator of birthPlace 1960 El Quijote Cervantes Alcalá de Henares Publication date Has subject Located in Data Vida de Cervantes BNE SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 13
  • 7. The model (Ontology) and the data Language http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/C1002 Ontology translation Is creator of work Person Año http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/C1001 http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/C1005 Publication date birthPlace Has subject Located in http://geo.linkeddata.es/ontology/Municipio Biblioteca http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization Catalán http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1924295 translation http://geo.linkeddata.es/resource/Alcalá de Henares Don Quijote de la Mancha Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de Es autor birthPlace 1960 http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX3383563 http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1718747 Publication date Has subject Located in http://datos.bne.es/resource/bimo0002045496 BNE Vida de Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra http://datos.bne.es/# Data SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 14
  • 8. Table of content 1. The concept Specification 2. Foundations Modelling 3. The process RDF Generation 4. Examples Links Generation Publication Exploitation SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 15
  • 9. Specification • Data sources analysis Modelling RDF • URI Design Generation Links • License definition Generation Publication Exploitation Reunión bilateral CNIG – OEG SSSW-12: 9th Summer Proyecto OTALEX School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 16
  • 10. Specification URI design Specification • Meaningful URIs vs opaque URIs • Separate TBox (ontology model) from ABox Modelling • Base URI http://linkeddata.es/ RDF http://geo.linkeddata.es/ Generation http://otalex.linkeddata.es/ Links • Ontología (TBox URIs) Generation http://phenomenontology.linkeddata.es/ontology/{concept|property} http://phenomenontology.linkeddata.es/ontology/Municipality Publication • Datos (ABox URIs) Exploitation http://geo.linkeddata.es/resource/{resource type}/{resource name} http://geo.linkeddata.es/resource/Municipio/Azuaga Reunión bilateral CNIG – OEG SSSW-12: 9th Summer Proyecto OTALEX School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 17
  • 11. Specification License Definition • Several possibilities Specification • The UK Open Government License • Open Database License Modelling • Public Domain Dedication and License RDF • Open Data Commons Attribution License Generation • The Creative Commons Licenses (CC) Links Generation • It is also possible to reuse and apply an existing Publication license of the (government) data sources. Exploitation Reunión bilateral CNIG – OEG SSSW-12: 9th Summer Proyecto OTALEX School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 18
  • 12. Modelling Ontology Specification • Ontologies: • A set of terms • A set of explicit assumptions regarding the intended meaning of Modelling the terms. • Almost always including concepts and their classification • Almost always including properties between concepts RDF Generation Links Generation • Shared understanding of a domain of interest Publication • Ontologies expressed in OWL or RDF(S), both based on RDF Exploitation • The NeOn methodology helps to build ontologies SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 19
  • 13. 2. Vocabulary development Identification • Features of the data sources • Lightweight : Vocabulary • Taxonomies and a few properties development • Consensuated vocabularies • To avoid the mapping problems Generation of the RDF Data • Multilingual • Linked data are multilingual Publication of the RDF data • The NeOn methodology can help to • Re-enginer Non ontological resources into ontologie Data cleansing • Pros: use domain terminology already consensuated by domain experts Linking the RDF data • Withdraw in heavyweight ontologies those features that you don’t need Enable effective • Reuse existing vocabularies discovery Asunción Gómez Pérez 9th SSSW-12: Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 21
  • 14. NeOn Methodology Knowledge Resources Non Ontological Resources Ontological Resources Glossaries O. Design Patterns O. Repositories and Registries 3 4 Dictionaries Lexicons Flogic 5 6 Classification Taxonomies Thesauri RDF(S) Schemas OWL Ontological Resource 2 Reuse 2 5 6 Ontology Design 4 O. Aligning Non Ontological Resource Pattern Reuse 3 Reuse 6 O. Merging 2 Ontological Resource 7 Reengineering 5 Alignments Non Ontological Resource Reengineering 4 6 1 RDF(S) O. Specification O. Conceptualization O. Formalization O. Implementation Flogic 8 9 Ontology Restructuring O. Localization (Pruning, Extension, OWL Specialization, Modularization) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9 Ontology Support Activities: Knowledge Acquisition (Elicitation); Documentation; Configuration Management; Evaluation (V&V); Assessment SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 15. Modelling Reuse available vocabularies Reuse suitable Ontologies and vocabularies Linked Open Vocabularies … Search for suitable non-ontological resources are there Yes Build the vocabulary by suitable transforming available resources? resources No Domain-related sites Build the vocabulary from Government Catalogs Highly reliable Web Sites scratch SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 23
  • 16. Publicación Specification Modelling Data publication RDF Metadata publicacion using VOID Generation Links To facilitate the discovery Generation • Register in CKAN your dataset Publication • Use to sitemap4rdf to generate the site map Exploitation • Upload the site map to Google and Sindice SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 17. Table of content 1. The concept 2. Foundations 3. The process 4. Examples • Libraries: http://datos.bne.es • http://linkeddata3.dia.fi.upm.es/bne-demo • Geo: http://geo.linkeddata.es/ • Metereology: http://aemet.linkeddata.es/ • Travelling: http://webenemasuno.linkeddata.es/ SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 25
  • 18. MARC21 Specification • Different communication formats: • MARC 21 format for Bibliographic Data Modelling • MARC 21 format for Authority Data • Others: Holdings, Classification, etc. RDF Generation • Three main elements: • Record structure: ISO 2709. Fields, indicators, Links Generation subfields… • Content designation: "Meaning" of codes and conventions Publication • Content: Defined outside the MARC standard (ISBD, AACR..) Exploitation SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 26
  • 19. Specification@ BNE • Records in the MARC 21 format • 3.9 million bibliographical records Specification • 4.2 million authority records Modelling • Version: November, 2011 AUTHORITY BIBLIOGRAPHIC RDF Generation Links Generation Persons 76576 Maps Corporate bodies 320727 Sound recordings Publication Conferences 166017 Gravings, drawings, pictures Titles 35770 Manuscripts Subject 143959 Ancient books 2696560 Modern books Exploitation 178473 Scores 3021 Electronic resources 156634 Serials 96672 Videos SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 27
  • 20. MARC21 record structure Specification • Authority record: Camus, Albert* Control Field 001 XX1721208 005 200012181124 008 901120nn aijnnaabn n aaa 016 $a BNE19900178994 040 $a SpMaBN $b spa $c SpMaBN $e rdc $f embne Field Subfield Content 100 10 $a Camus, Albert HEADING Subfield Content 1XX $d 1913-1960 670 $a El mite de Sísif, 1987 $b port. (Albert Camus) 670 $a Dic. de filosofía, de J. Ferrater Mora, 1980$b(Camus., Albert (1913-1960); n. Mondovi, Argel) 670 $a Aut. BN-OPALE, 1995 $b (Camus, Albert) * http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1721208 SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 28
  • 21. MARC21 record content designation • Authority record: Camus, Albert* Control Number 001 XX1721208 HEADING – Personal Personal name Name 100 10 $a Camus, Albert Name 100 Dates associated with name $d 1913-1960 Source consulted Citation 670 $a El mite de Sísif, 1987 $b port. (Albert Camus) • Human reading: An authority record that describes a Person, named Camus, Albert with associated dates 1913-1960 * http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1721208 SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 29
  • 22. Frecuency of codes in records Specification Modelling RDF Generation Links Generation Publication Exploitation SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 30
  • 23. Specification • Source data: MARC 21 records, not RDB. Very flat Specification structure difficult to map to richer models Modelling • Domain experts (catalogers) need to be part of the mapping process. RDF Generation • Data quality good but still many errors: reporting. Links Generation • Iterative and incremental transformation process: measure coverage and progress. Publication • Highly specialized library models: FRBR, ISBD. Exploitation • Multilinguality, collaboration with IFLA SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 24. Model: FRBR at a glance Work 2 Specification Works Work 1 Modelling Work 3 RDF Generation Expression 2 Links Generation Expression1 Expressions Publication Exploitation Manifestations Manifestation1 Manifestation2 SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 32
  • 25. The Ontology: based on IFLA vocabularies Specification Modelling RDF Generation Links Generation Publication Exploitation SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 26. Who will be the mapping generator? 001 XX1721208 Specification 005 200012181124 008 901120nn aijnnaabn n aaa 016 $a BNE19900178994 Modelling 040 $a SpMaBN $b spa $c SpMaBN $e rdc $f embne 100 10 $a Camus, Albert $d 1913-1960 RDF 670 $a El mite de Sísif, 1987 $b port. (Albert Camus) Generation 670 $a Dic. de filosofía, de J. Ferrater Mora, 1980$b(Camus., Albert (1913-1960); n. Mondovi, Argel) Links 670 $a Aut. BN-OPALE, 1995 $b (Camus, Albert) Generation Publication Exploitation BNE SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 27. Similar to mapping ontologies 100a maps Person maps Content Content (100a) (100at) is creator of contained in maps 100at Work subfield property maps 100t title of work SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 35
  • 28. Marimba allows librarians to create mappings • Three spreadsheets: Classification Basic structure mapping MARC21 Records count Content sample Mapping info 100 $a $d 888.880 Camus, Albert foaf:Person 1913-1960 Annotation 100 $a 999.999 Cervantes, Miguel foaf:name mapping de 100 $a $m 10.000 Cervantes, iguel ERROR Relationships mapping SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 36
  • 29. Librarians create mappings using excell Classification mapping Classification Basic structure mapping MARC21 Records count Content sample Mapping info 100 $a $d 888.880 Camus, Albert foaf:Person 1913-1960 Annotation 100 $a 999.999 Cervantes, Miguel foaf:name mapping de 100 $a $m 10.000 Cervantes, iguel ERROR Relationships mapping SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 37
  • 30. Librarians create mappings using excell Annotation mapping place of publication has dimensions Is part of work Relationships mapping SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 38
  • 31. Marimba interprets the Mappings and generate the RDF 001 XX1721208 …… Specification 100 10 $a Camus, Albert $d 1913-1960 …… Modelling • Classify: Exploiting the heading field and subfield codes. 100 $a $d  Person (it has a personal name) RDF 100 $a $d $t  Work (it has a title) Generation • Annotate: Using subfield codes and the content. Links Generation 100 $a "Camus, Albert"  frbr:3001 "Camus, Albert" 100 $t "La Peste"  frbr:P3039 "La Peste" Publication MARC 21 record Action RDF (Output) (Input) Exploitation 100 $a $d Classify rdf:type frbr:C1005 100 $a Camus, Annotate frbr:P3039 "Camus, BNE Albert Albert" 100 $d 1913-1960 Annotate frbr:P3040 "1913- 1960" SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 39
  • 32. Mapping process more in detail • But, what about the relationships between the entities? RDF • Relationships between records are not explicit in MARC. Generation Goal: The work "La Peste" was created by Albert Camus 001 XX1721208 001 XX1910518 100 10 $a Camus, Albert $d 1913-1960 100 10 $a Camus, Albert$d1913-1960 $tLa peste Common Common Diff Work We know the type of R1 and R2, and we look at the heading diff bne:XX1721208 frbr:2010 bne:XX1910518 (isCreatorOf) * http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1910518 SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 40
  • 33. Marimba: Mapping process summary (MARC records) 001 XX1721208 001 XX1910518 Specification 100 10 $a Camus, Albert $d 1913-1960 100 10 $a Camus, Albert$d1913-1960 $tLa peste Modelling Classify bne:XX1721208 a frbr:Person bne:XX1910518 a frbr:Work RDF Generation Annotate Links bne:XX1721208 a frbr:Person bne:XX1910518 a frbr:Work Generation frbr:name "Camus, Albert" . frbr:title "La Peste" frbr:hasDates 1913-1960 Publication Relate bne:XX1721208 a frbr:Person bne:XX1910518 a frbr:Work frbr:name "Camus, Albert" . frbr:title "La Peste" . Exploitation frbr:hasDates 1913-1960 . frbr:isCreatedBy bne:XX1721208 frbr:isCreatorOf bne:XX1721208 BNE SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 41
  • 34. Marimba uses the ontology to generate RDF Specification Modelling RDF Generation Links Generation Publication Exploitation BNE SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 35. Marimba links with other resources: VIAF, DNB, SUDOC, LIBRIS, DBpedia http://d-nb.info/gnd/11851993X Specification DNB Modelling http://viaf.org/viaf/17220427 VIAF Same As RDF Same As http://dbpedia.org/resource/Miguel_de_Cervantes Generation DBpedia Same As Links Generation http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1718747 BNE Publication Same As Same As Exploitation http://www.idref.fr/026774771/id SUDOC http://libris.kb.se/resource/auth/45369 LIBRIS SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 36. Marimba links with other resources: VIAF, DNB, SUDOC, LIBRIS, DBpedia Specification Modelling RDF Generation Links Generation Publication Exploitation SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 37. Publicación Specification Modelling Data publication RDF Metadata publicacion using VOID Generation Links To facilitate the discovery Generation • Register in CKAN your dataset Publication • Use to sitemap4rdf to generate the site map Exploitation • Upload the site map to Google and Sindice SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 38. Exploitation Web Interface Especification Specification Modelling Model RDF Generation generation Links Publication Generation SPARQL queries Exploitation Publication URI Cervantes select distinct COUNT(?Obras) where { http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1718747 Is author Exploitation <http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/P2010> ?Obras } http://bne.linkeddata.es/ SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 39. SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 48
  • 40. SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 49
  • 41. SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 50
  • 42. Technological Support • Modelling: • Open Metadata Registry • Neon Toolkit • Mapping and generation • MARiMbA: Library-oriented, supports and facilitates the entire process od transformation from MARC21 to RDF • Publication: • Virtuoso Universal Server • Pubby • CKAN registry • Sitemap4rdf • Exploitation: • Web Applications that visualize data using SPARQL SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 43. Results: datos.bne.es • Total number of authority records: 4.100.000 • Total number of bibliographical records: 2.390.140 • Total number of RDF triples: 58.053.215 • Number of links: (15% authorities): 587.520 • Linked sources: • VIAF • SUDOC (French collective university catalogue) FR • GND (German National Library of authorities) GER • LIBRIS Sweden • DBPedia • Soon BNF http://bne.linkeddata.es/ SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 52
  • 44. Table of content 1. The concept 2. Foundations 3. The process 4. Examples • Libraries: http://datos.bne.es • http://linkeddata3.dia.fi.upm.es/bne-demo • Geo: http://geo.linkeddata.es/ • Metereology: http://aemet.linkeddata.es/ • Travelling: http://webenemasuno.linkeddata.es/ SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 53
  • 45. Identification and selection of data sources Geographical Specification Spanish Institute Modelling RDF Generation Links Generation Statistical Publication Spanish institute Exploitation SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 54
  • 46. • Geographic Spanish Institute Specification • Multilingual (Spanish, Vasc, Gallician, Catalan) • Conceptualization mistmatches • Granularity (scale concept) Modelling • Textual information Inform. Hidrográfica: reservoir, river, , etc. RDF Generation Transportes. Vía desdoblada, Ferrocarril, … Unidades Administrativas. Municipality • Particularaties Links Generation • Longitude and latitude Publication • Statistic Spanish Institute • Monolingual Exploitation • Numerical information • Particularaties • Geo (textual level) and Temporal SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 55
  • 47. 1. Identification and selection of the data sources IGN-E SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 48. Specification Statistical information Specification Modelling RDF Generation Links Generation Publication Exploitation SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 57
  • 49. 2. Lightweight Ontology Development WGS84 Geo Positioning: an RDF vocabulary scv:Dimension Specification hydrographical phenomena (rivers, W3C 4 scv:Item scv:Dataset lakes, etc.) Vocabulary O. Modelling hasStatisticalData Statistics hasLat/Long WGS84 hasLat/Long SCOVO RDF on Generation hydrOntology hasLocation/isLocated FAO Vocabulary for O. instants, intervals, FAO durations, etc. Links Time UNESCO Geopolitical Generation EGM / ERM 4 hasGeometry hasGeometry ontology W3C Time GeoNames … GML Publication Names and Legend international code Ontology for OGC GML 4 systems for territories and Ontology Geography Markup Specification groups Exploitation Language Specification 4 Thesaurus Classes 33 33 Object Properties 44 44 reused Data Properties 318 318 Following the INSPIRE (INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe) recommendation. hydrOntology,SCOVO, FAO Geopolitcal, WGS84, GML, and Time SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 50. Hydroontology Nivel superior Nivel inferior SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 51. Implementation + Pellet 1 4 2 5 3 SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 52. Geospatial Model geoes: http://geo.linkeddata.es/ geo: http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos# geoes:ontology/Geometry rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subClassOf geo:Point geoes:ontology/Curve geoes:ontology/Polygon Composed by Composed by geo:lat geo:long Collection of 2 or Collection of 3 or more geo:Points more geo:Points 62 SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 53. 3. Generation of RDF Identification of the data sources • From the Data sources Vocabulary • Geographic information (Databases) development • Statistic information (.xsl) Generation • Geospatial information of the RDF Data Publication • Different technologies for RDF of the RDF data generation Data cleansing • NOR20 (from excell, XML, text files, …) • R20 and ODEMapster (from Databases) Linking • Geometry2RDF and SPh2RDF (for Geo the RDF data data) Enable effective discovery SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 54. 3. Generation of the RDF Data / instances · Classification schemes · Thesauri NOR2O · Lexicons • PR-NORs define a procedure that transforms a Non-Ontological Resource (NOR) components into ontology elements. http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/ NOR2O FAO Water classification · Classification scheme · Path enumeration data model · Implemented in a database SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 55. 3. Generation of the RDF Data – NOR2O Industry Production Index Year Province NOR2O SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 56. RDF geoespatial Specification Modelling RDF Generation geometry2RDF Links Generation Publication Exploitation shp2RDF shp2RDF Reunión bilateral CNIG – OEG SSSW-12: 9th Proyecto OTALEX Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 70
  • 57. Generación Generación de RDF geoespacial (geometry2RDF) Specification Oracle STO UTIL package Modelling SELECT TO_CHAR(SDO_UTIL.TO_GML311GEOMETRY(geometry)) AS Gml311Geometry RDF FROM "BCN200"."BCN200_0301L_RIO" c Generation WHERE c.Etiqueta='Arroyo' Links Generation Publication Exploitation Reunión bilateral CNIG – OEG SSSW-12: 9th Proyecto OTALEX Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 71
  • 58. Generación Generación de RDF geoespacial (shp2RDF) Specification Modelling RDF Generation Links Generation Publication Exploitation Reunión bilateral CNIG – OEG SSSW-12: 9th Proyecto OTALEX Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 72
  • 59. 3. Generation of the RDF Data – Geometry2RDF SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 60. RDF geoespatial geoes: http://geo.linkeddata.es/ otalex: http://otalex.linkeddata.es/ geo: http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos# otalex:resource/wgs84/… 74 otalex:resource/wgs84/38.98531526569159_- 38.985 5.498594084713078 geo:lat geo:long otalex:resource/wgs84/38.982575823226234_- -5.498 5.495821779307759 otalex:resource/ 38.984222213320045_- 5.49938294416971 Embalse de Orellana rdfs:label geo:geometry otalex:resource/4e994dad1c44d2 geoes:resource/Embalse/Embalse b50597dd64ddfbcac30de06d80 %20de%20Orellana rdf:type rdf:type geoes:Polígono geoes:ontology/Embalse (Polygon) (reservoir) SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 74
  • 61. Specification Modelling RDF Generation Links Generation Publication Exploitation SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 75
  • 62. Statistics in RDF RDF Data Cube – DataSet rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# qb: http://purl.org/linked-data/cube# qb:DataSet ota: http://otalex.linkeddata.es/resource/ rdf:type ota:ds/population qb:dataSet qb:dataSet 8396 otaonto:population ota:ds/population/Atala …… ota:ds/population/Azu otaonto:geoArea ya_2008 aga_2008 rdf:type rdf:type ota:Municipio/Azuaga qb:Observation SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 76
  • 63. Specification http://dbpedia.org/resource/Azuaga Modelling DBpedia RDF Same As Generation Links Generation http://geo.linkeddata.es/page/resource/Municipio/Azuaga Publication IGN Exploitation Same As http://www.geonames.org/2521436/ Geonames SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 64. Exploitation Exploitation Especification Specification Visualización Web Interface Modelling Model RDF Generation generation map4rdf: Links • Google maps viewer of RDF resources Publication Generation • Resources with spatial information Exploitation • Used in other applications like AEMET, Goodrelations, Publication GeoLinked Data, El Viajero… Exploitation SPARQL map4rdf http://oegdev.dia.fi.upm.es/projects/map4rdf/ Triplestore SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 65. • Simple SPARQL Query • To get the RDF instances of the Laguna concept, and their geometry property. SELECT ?x ?geo WHERE {?x rdf:type <http://geo.linkeddata.es/ontology/Laguna> . ?x <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#geometry> ?geo} • Complex SPARQL Query: • To get resources near the city of Azuaga, at a distance of 10Km (0.1) and with labels in spanish. The query has a limit of 50 resources. PREFIX geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> SELECT ?subject ?label ?latitude2 ?longitude2 WHERE {<http://geo.linkeddata.es/resource/Municipio/Azuaga> <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#geometry> ?g. ?g geo:lat ?latitude. ?g geo:long ?longitude. ?subject <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#geometry> ?g2. ?g2 geo:lat ?latitude2. ?g2 geo:long ?longitude2. ?subject rdfs:label ?label. FILTER(xsd:double(?latitude2) - xsd:double(?latitude) <= 0.1 && xsd:double(?latitude) - xsd:double(?latitude2) <= 0.1 && xsd:double(?longitude2) - xsd:double(?longitude) <= 0.1 && xsd:double(?longitude) - xsd:double(?longitude2) <= 0.1 && lang(?label) = "es"). } limit 50 SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 81
  • 66. SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 67. geo.linkeddata.es SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 68. aemet.linkeddata.es SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 69. webenemasuno.linkeddata.es/ SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 70. Phase BNE IGN AEMET PRISA INE hydrontology Scovo Modeling SSN ontology Wgs84 DC SIOC Data cube time MARiMbA RDF generation geometry2rdf NOR2O CSV parser CSV parser NOR2O Silk Silk Silk NOR2O DBPEDIA Links DNB DBPEDIA VIAF Geolinkeddata.es Geolinkeddata.es generation LIBRIS Geonames Geolinkeddata.es DBPEDIA Publication Pubby sitemap4rdf SPARQL Exploitation map4rdf SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 87
  • 71. Linked Data Data & Knowledge Visualization Linking RDF Generation SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain
  • 72. Results http://datos.bne.es http://webenemasuno.linkeddata.es/ • Total number of authority records: 4.100.000 • Total number of guides: 27.876 • Total number of bibliographic records: • Total number of posts: 32.502 2.390.140 • Total number of locations: 6.838 • Total number of RDF triples: 58.053.215 • Total number of RDF triples: 9.462.339 • Links (15% authority): 587.520 • Linked sources: 12.750 • Linked sources: DBPedia (6024 links) • VIAF GeoLinkedData (6726 links) • SUDOC (Sistema Universitario de Documentación) FR • GND (Auth German National Library) GER • LIBRIS Sweden • DBPedia http://geo.linkeddata.es/ Number of geo type phenomenon: 95 (Rivers, mountains, etc.) Number of geo entities: 155.000 Total number of RDF triples: 21.564.199 Links: 1002 (outlinks) y 6782 (coming) Linked sources: DBpedia y GeoNames (outlinks) AEMET y El Viajero (entry) SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 89
  • 73. Lessons learnt • URI Learn about Linked Data • Follow existing design guidelines for new URIs with UPM official courses in • Reuse existing URIs from authoritative sources one week • Models • Reuse existing models when available • Create new models from authoritative sources • Do not forget to align your model with existing models • Generation • Vertical domains usually require specific tools for generation • Link • Generic link discovery tools performs well in vertical domains • Link to other data sets using bne:Cervantes Dbpedia:cervantes • Equivalence links (sameAs) sameAs Person Municipality • Typed links birthPlace • Discovery • Use sitemap4rdf to allow search engines to find your data • Use an iterative-incremental life cycle in your development SSSW-12: 9th Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web. Cercedilla. Spain 90
  • 74. Linked Data Applications: There is no One-Size-Fits-All Formula Asunción Gómez-Pérez Facultad de Informática, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Campus de Montegancedo sn, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid http://www.oeg-upm.net asun@fi.upm.es Acknowledgements: O.Corcho, D. Garijo, D. Vila, L.Vilches, B. Villazón Work distributed under the license Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0