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Celebrating the Spitzer Space Telescope: 5 Years and Counting! Presented to the American Astronautical Society by Michael Werner  Spitzer Project Scientist JPL/Caltech November 19, 2008
Not Only the AAS Celebrates Spitzer! Will Ferrell and Spitzer image share the screen in “Stranger than Fiction”
Spitzer Hubble Chandra Chandra This composite image of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A demonstrates the power of the Great Observatories
Hubble’s famed “Pillars of Creation” emerge from the darkness when observed in the infrared by Spitzer
The Spitzer Space Telescope A Assembled SIRTF Observatory at Lockheed-Martin*, Sunnyvale. Key Characteristics: Aperture – 85 cm Wavelength Range - 3-to-180um Telescope Temperature – 5.5K Mass – 870kg Height – 4m *Other key team members:  Ball Aerospace, U. Arizona, Cornell, U., Smithsonian, Goddard, Caltech ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Making It Possible - Solar Orbit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sun
Spitzer – Inside and Out
Spitzer Family Portrait Infrared Array Camera, G.G.Fazio, SAO, PI Wide-field (5x5 arcmin) imaging at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8   m Infrared Spectrograph, J.R.Houck, Cornell, PI. echelle spectrographs at 10-20 and 20-40   m   & long-slit spectrographs at 5-15um and 15-40   m, plus Imaging/Photometry at 15   m Multi-band Imaging Photometer, G.Rieke, Arizona, PI Imaging and photometry at 24, 70, 160   m & spectrophotometry at 50-100   m
The Infrared Array Revolution:  Single Detector/Strip Chart and Spitzer  Observations    of the Galactic Center in the Near Infrared 1967 Infrared Images: Then and Now 2007
 
The standard model of star formation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hubble Images of Protoplanetary Disks Around Young Stars….. … .Inform Spitzer’s Identification of Thousands of Potential Solar Systems in Dense Molecular Clouds Q: How Common are Planetary Systems Around Other Stars?  A:  Very, or Perhaps Very, Very!
Organic Molecules in a Protoplanetary Disk, Observed by Spitzer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Perhaps we are seeing buildup of organic material in inner regions of a young solar system
Spitzer has Found  “ The Mountains Of  Creation” L. Allen, CfA [GTO]
The Mountains Tell Their Tale – Interstellar erosion and star formation propagate through the cloud Young (Solar Mass) Stars are Shown in This Panel Really Young Stars are Shown in This Panel
New and improved!   “ Mountains of Creation” are only a small part Koenig et al. 2008 ApJ Dec 1 astro-ph/0808.3284 (today) W5 1.5 x 2 deg IRAC+MIPS “ Continents of Creation” ,[object Object],N E
Exoplanets Everywhere ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],G. Laughlin & J. Cho
How Spitzer Characterizes Extrasolar Planets –Transits and Eclipses N
HD 189733b: First [one-dimensional] temperature map of an exoplanet ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Model:  Assumes tidal locking of planet to star and extrapolates in latitude. Data – flux at 8um over more than half an orbit
Thermal pulse predicted for planet in elliptical orbit will demonstrate dynamics of planetary atmosphere Eccentric Orbits Produce Rapid Thermal Variations on Exoplanets
What are Exoplanets made of? Hubble and Spitzer are Finding out  Spitzer Data on Size vs. Wavelength Indicates Abundant Water Vapor in Planet’s Atmosphere
More Exoplanet Molecules NICMOS/HST [left] and Spitzer [right] spectra of transiting exoplanets show structure which reflects molecular composition and thermal structure of the exoplanet atmospheres
Exoplanet Pictures!!
Steps Toward Distant Galaxies….Images of the Whirlpool Galaxy Visible (Starlight) Infrared (Dustglow) from Spitzer
Optical  Alone Observations shortward of 1um  With Spitzer 4.5um band added Searching for Distant  Clusters of Galaxies Identification as true cluster in three dimensions requires redshift/distance determination <z> = 1.24
Due to cosmic expansion,  emission from distant galaxies shifts into the Spitzer bands
Clusters discovered in Bootes field greatly increase the number of known high redshift clusters [from red to blue].  Deeper observations are underway to find more. Potential Applications Include: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Bottom Line
Probing the Really Distant  Universe with the Great Observatories Here, Spitzer and Hubble have measured a galaxy almost 13 Billion light years away. We see it at an epoch when the Universe was only ~15% of its present size, and  ~7% of its current age.  Even so, this galaxy and others like it are surprising massive and mature…. Galaxy is not just a faint smudge as seen by Spitzer.  What will JWST uncover? Hubble Spitzer
Spitzer and Hubble  posed a Cosmic Conundrum by finding very massive galaxies in the early Universe….This caught the fancy of Science News and challenges theories of structure formation
Warm mission [starting mid 2009] includes:  3.6 and 4.5 um observations with current sensitivity   Robust program of research using archive from cryo mission and from warm mission   Coming Up:  The Spitzer Warm* Mission *Warm=30K.  The Spitzer outer shell is at 34K, passively cooled ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Warm Mission Science   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],In addition, new and emerging science themes can be addressed.  One timely example is the study of Near Earth Objects
Near Earth Objects   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],
  Spitzer Observations of NEO 1993GD ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Warm Spitzer is only mission capable of direct size determinations for thousands of small NEOs. This will be revolutionary, not incremental.
Spitzer’s Adventures with  Gamma Ray Burst 080319B First infrared detection of the afterglow of a gamma ray burst
Gamma Ray Bursts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Images of GR080319B – the first “naked-eye” Gamma Ray burst X-ray and UV/Optical [right] images from SWIFT Image from “Pi of the Sky” ground network Magnitude vs. time from Pi of the sky telegram shows naked eye brightness.  These observations overlap SWIFT trigger in time.  Spectroscopic follow up showed z~1, not at all unusual for Gamma Ray bursts
Now you see it, now you don’t! [with Spitzer, that is!] 2.5 days after explosion ~8 days after explosion
Let’s go to: http://grb.fuw.edu.pl/pi/index.html To see a movie of this remarkable event
SPITZER HUBBLE CHANDRA Circa 1985 Something Else to Celebrate…. FERMI
SPITZER HUBBLE CHANDRA Circa 1985 … A Dream Fufilled! FERMI
 
SPITZER HUBBLE CHANDRA GLAST Circa 1985 Something Else to Celebrate…..
SPITZER HUBBLE CHANDRA GLAST Circa 1985 … A Dream Fulfilled!
Spitzer Studies Exoplanets Water Vapor Found Here Spitzer has now characterized ~20 exoplanets, many more than in our Solar System.  These show a wide variety of characteristics, and are still only the tip of the iceberg.  Eventually, this work should illuminate our understanding if our own solar system – how it formed, how unique it is, etc. – and even point the way to searches for life on other worlds Exoplanets with and Without Warm Stratospheres

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AAS National Conference 2008: Michael Werner

  • 1. Celebrating the Spitzer Space Telescope: 5 Years and Counting! Presented to the American Astronautical Society by Michael Werner Spitzer Project Scientist JPL/Caltech November 19, 2008
  • 2. Not Only the AAS Celebrates Spitzer! Will Ferrell and Spitzer image share the screen in “Stranger than Fiction”
  • 3. Spitzer Hubble Chandra Chandra This composite image of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A demonstrates the power of the Great Observatories
  • 4. Hubble’s famed “Pillars of Creation” emerge from the darkness when observed in the infrared by Spitzer
  • 5.
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  • 8. Spitzer Family Portrait Infrared Array Camera, G.G.Fazio, SAO, PI Wide-field (5x5 arcmin) imaging at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8  m Infrared Spectrograph, J.R.Houck, Cornell, PI. echelle spectrographs at 10-20 and 20-40  m & long-slit spectrographs at 5-15um and 15-40  m, plus Imaging/Photometry at 15  m Multi-band Imaging Photometer, G.Rieke, Arizona, PI Imaging and photometry at 24, 70, 160  m & spectrophotometry at 50-100  m
  • 9. The Infrared Array Revolution: Single Detector/Strip Chart and Spitzer Observations of the Galactic Center in the Near Infrared 1967 Infrared Images: Then and Now 2007
  • 10.  
  • 11.
  • 12. Hubble Images of Protoplanetary Disks Around Young Stars….. … .Inform Spitzer’s Identification of Thousands of Potential Solar Systems in Dense Molecular Clouds Q: How Common are Planetary Systems Around Other Stars? A: Very, or Perhaps Very, Very!
  • 13.
  • 14. Spitzer has Found “ The Mountains Of Creation” L. Allen, CfA [GTO]
  • 15. The Mountains Tell Their Tale – Interstellar erosion and star formation propagate through the cloud Young (Solar Mass) Stars are Shown in This Panel Really Young Stars are Shown in This Panel
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. How Spitzer Characterizes Extrasolar Planets –Transits and Eclipses N
  • 19.
  • 20. Thermal pulse predicted for planet in elliptical orbit will demonstrate dynamics of planetary atmosphere Eccentric Orbits Produce Rapid Thermal Variations on Exoplanets
  • 21. What are Exoplanets made of? Hubble and Spitzer are Finding out Spitzer Data on Size vs. Wavelength Indicates Abundant Water Vapor in Planet’s Atmosphere
  • 22. More Exoplanet Molecules NICMOS/HST [left] and Spitzer [right] spectra of transiting exoplanets show structure which reflects molecular composition and thermal structure of the exoplanet atmospheres
  • 24. Steps Toward Distant Galaxies….Images of the Whirlpool Galaxy Visible (Starlight) Infrared (Dustglow) from Spitzer
  • 25. Optical Alone Observations shortward of 1um With Spitzer 4.5um band added Searching for Distant Clusters of Galaxies Identification as true cluster in three dimensions requires redshift/distance determination <z> = 1.24
  • 26. Due to cosmic expansion, emission from distant galaxies shifts into the Spitzer bands
  • 27.
  • 28. Probing the Really Distant Universe with the Great Observatories Here, Spitzer and Hubble have measured a galaxy almost 13 Billion light years away. We see it at an epoch when the Universe was only ~15% of its present size, and ~7% of its current age. Even so, this galaxy and others like it are surprising massive and mature…. Galaxy is not just a faint smudge as seen by Spitzer. What will JWST uncover? Hubble Spitzer
  • 29. Spitzer and Hubble posed a Cosmic Conundrum by finding very massive galaxies in the early Universe….This caught the fancy of Science News and challenges theories of structure formation
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34. Spitzer’s Adventures with Gamma Ray Burst 080319B First infrared detection of the afterglow of a gamma ray burst
  • 35.
  • 36. Images of GR080319B – the first “naked-eye” Gamma Ray burst X-ray and UV/Optical [right] images from SWIFT Image from “Pi of the Sky” ground network Magnitude vs. time from Pi of the sky telegram shows naked eye brightness. These observations overlap SWIFT trigger in time. Spectroscopic follow up showed z~1, not at all unusual for Gamma Ray bursts
  • 37. Now you see it, now you don’t! [with Spitzer, that is!] 2.5 days after explosion ~8 days after explosion
  • 38. Let’s go to: http://grb.fuw.edu.pl/pi/index.html To see a movie of this remarkable event
  • 39. SPITZER HUBBLE CHANDRA Circa 1985 Something Else to Celebrate…. FERMI
  • 40. SPITZER HUBBLE CHANDRA Circa 1985 … A Dream Fufilled! FERMI
  • 41.  
  • 42. SPITZER HUBBLE CHANDRA GLAST Circa 1985 Something Else to Celebrate…..
  • 43. SPITZER HUBBLE CHANDRA GLAST Circa 1985 … A Dream Fulfilled!
  • 44. Spitzer Studies Exoplanets Water Vapor Found Here Spitzer has now characterized ~20 exoplanets, many more than in our Solar System. These show a wide variety of characteristics, and are still only the tip of the iceberg. Eventually, this work should illuminate our understanding if our own solar system – how it formed, how unique it is, etc. – and even point the way to searches for life on other worlds Exoplanets with and Without Warm Stratospheres