1. Strategies for Improvement on Ohio’s State Tests

3. Step-by-Step Item Analysis

10. Is it Really a Strength or Weakness?

15. Which Method Works Best? Risk of false negatives. Some standards can randomly be harder than others. Can give a false positive about the students’ actual knowledge. Con: Demonstrates students' familiarity with the subject. More likely to be based on content than question difficulty. Pro: Actual Performance Compare to State Average

16. Observed Trends District

19. A Word of Caution

21. Extended-Response Questions

24. Patterns of a Four-Point Question

28. Two Special Keywords for One Subject

29. Four Keywords

30. One Special Keyword for Two Subjects

34. 8 Most Often Used Keywords Produce a list of words, sentences, or comments. List Give reasons for. Explain Describe giving the details and explaining the pros and cons of the subject. Discuss Write a detailed account or verbal picture in a logical sequence or story form. Describe Give the formal meaning by distinguishing it from related terms. This is often a matter of giving a memorized definition. Define Give your judgment or reasoned opinion of something, illustrating its good and bad points. It is not necessary to attack it. Criticize Compare by showing differences. Contrast Show both the similarities and differences. Compare Action Required Clue Word

41. Classroom Practices that Develop Needed Knowledge and Skills

48. Thank You! [email_address]