Pod1 –pbl4 : the morphology and structure of virus A/H1N1, the clinical features A/H1N1,the pathology and immune response of A/H1N1.
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Objectives: 1–Describe the morphology and structure of virus A/H1N1? 2-Describe the clinical features A/H1N1? 3-Describe the pathology and immune response of A/H1N1? 4-Describe the transmission and prevention of A/H1N1? 5-list the diagnostic tests A/H1N1? done by : asem shadid , college of medicine .
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Pod1 –pbl4 : the morphology and structure of virus A/H1N1, the clinical features A/H1N1,the pathology and immune response of A/H1N1.
- 2. Objectives: 1–Describe the morphology and structure of virus A/H1N1? 2-Describe the clinical features A/H1N1? 3-Describe the pathology and immune response of A/H1N1? 4-Describe the transmission and prevention of A/H1N1? 5-list the diagnostic tests A/H1N1? Objectives:
- 3. DEFINITION OF A VIRUS • a single nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat and capable of replication only within the living cells of bacteria, animals or plants. • A VIRUS is either DNA or RNA, that is protected by a protein coat called a CAPSID. • Viruses cause colds, flu, warts and diseases such as measles, AIDS and cancer. • BUT not all viruses cause diseases, • AND not all viruses are harmful to humans.
- 5. LET’S LOOK AT THE DEFINING PROPERTIES OF VIRUSES • Viruses are parasites that invade cells • Viruses have either DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) or RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) • Viruses direct the synthesis of new virus within a host cell. • Newly made viruses infect other cells.
- 6. WHY ARE SOME VIRUSES HARMFUL? Virus invades cell Virus forces cell to make copies of virus Eventually so many copies are made, the cell explodes, releasing all of the new viruses • When your cells make viruses instead of operating normally, YOU get sick
- 7. 1–DESCRIBE THE MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF VIRUS A/H1N1? Influenza A (H1N1) virus • Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of the influenza viruses. It is responsible for binding the virus to cells with sialic acid on the membranes • Neuraminidases are enzymes that cleave sialic acid groups from glycoproteins and are required for influenza virus replication. • Viral neuraminidase is a type of neuraminidase found on the surface of influenza viruses that enables the virus to be released from the host cell. The three main types of influeza viruses known to infect humans are influenzavirus A, B and C. Of these three types influenza virus A is common and endemic to pigs. This means that the influenza virus A commonly infects both humans and pigs.
- 8. • Influenza A (H1N1) virus is the subtype of influenza A virus that was the most common cause of human influenza (flu) in 2009. • Neuraminidase are a type of glycoside hydrolase enzyme which help to move the virus particles through the infected cell and assist in budding from the host cells. • Haemagglutinin causes red blood cells to clump together and binds the virus to the infected cell.
- 10. 2-DESCRIBE THE CLINICAL FEATURES A/H1N1?
- 11. 3-DESCRIBE THE PATHOLOGY AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF A/H1N1?
- 13. 4-DESCRIBE THE TRANSMISSION AND PREVENTION OF A/H1N1?
- 15. HOW DOES THE 2009 H1N1 VIRUS SPREAD? • Spread of the 2009 H1N1 virus is thought to occur in the same way that seasonal flu spreads. • Flu viruses are spread mainly from person to person through coughing, sneezing or talking by people with influenza. • Sometimes people may become infected by touching something – such as a surface or object – with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose.
- 17. 5-LIST THE DIAGNOSTIC TESTS A/H1N1? It's hard to tell whether you have swine flu or seasonal flu, because most symptoms are the same. People with swine flu may be more likely to feel nauseous and throw up than people who have seasonal flu. A number of flu tests are available to detect influenza viruses. The most common are called “rapid influenza diagnostic tests” that can be used in outpatient settings. These tests can provide results in 30 minutes or less. Unfortunately, the ability of these tests to detect the flu can vary greatly. Diagnostic testing is recommended on suspect cases of novel influenza A H1N1(swine flu). Active infection with swine influenza can only be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays.
Editor's Notes
- It is an Orthomyxovirus that contains the glycoproteins haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. For this reason, they are described as H1N1, H1N2 etc. depending on the type of H or N antigens they express.
- 2009 H1N1 (sometimes called “swine flu”) is a new influenza virus causing illness in people. This new virus was first detected in people in the United States in April 2009. This virus is spreading from person-to-person worldwide, probably in much the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses spread.