1.
Asanka Abeysinghe
Cell-based Architecture
Decentralized Architecture Pattern for Cloud-native Applications
Deputy CTO & VP of Architecture - CTO Office
WSO2 Inc.

2.
Objectives
#1 why: a new pattern
#2 how: created the pattern
#3 what: is Cell-based architecture

3.
Motivation

4.
Centralized & Layered
picture credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/kaktuslampa/

5.
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Powerpoint Architects

6.
picture credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/johnerlandsen/
Reality of the Enterprise

7.
Brownfield > Greenfield
picture credit: https://www.apstra.com/home/landscape-of-meadow-field-with-the-changing-environment-2/
Legacy, monolithic Microservices, sprawl

8.
Reference Implementations
picture credit: https://www.marinersmuseum.org/

9.
picture credit: http://unlocked.footlocker.com/
Underutilization of the Technology

10.
Gap: architecture | development | deployment
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11.
picture credit: https://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/2017/07/georgia-contractor-sells-farmers-solar-tough-market/
Dependency management

12.
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Architecture Patterns

13.
Timeline

14.
Background: Layered Architecture

15.
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A platform with an agile team
100 APIs, 60 message flows, 80 services, n DBs
Multi-tenanted, 3 active tenants
First release after 3 years

16.
picture credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/imcountingufoz/
Rise of Microservices

17.
Pragmatic Microservices
Netflix: APIs
Uber: Edge Gateway
eBay: API Facade
Gartner: Mini Services

18.
Background: Layered Architecture with MSA

19.
Background: Segmented Architecture
BS-1 BS-2 BS-n
G-1 G-2
US-1 US-n

20.
Platform of Platforms
Platform (shared capabilities)
Project1
Project2
Project3
Projectn
Platform (shared capabilities)
Project1
Project2
Project3
Projectn
Platform (shared capabilities)
Project1
Project2
Project3
Projectn
Platform (shared capabilities)
Project1
Project2
Project3
Projectn
CI/CD
User
Store

21.
picture credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/ableman/

22.
Making of……
picture credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Frank_Schulenburg CC BY 3.0

23.
Building the
Concept

24.
Business vs technical services
picture credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/arpadlukacs/

25.
Service: Technical definition
A code exposes through an
interface that describes a
collection of operations that
are network accessible using
a standardized messaging
protocol.

26.
Service: Business definition
Software components that
can be spontaneously
discovered, combined, and
recombined to provide a
solution to a business
problem.

27.
Microservice: Technical definition
A microservice must have a
single purpose and be loosely
coupled in design and
deployed independently of
other microservices.
"Micro" is a concept of scope
rather than size.

28.
Microservice: Business definition
Microservices is an approach to
application development in
which a large application is built
as a suite of modular
components or services.
These services are built around
business capabilities.

29.
Group of (Micro)services

30.
The cell is the basic structural,
functional, and
biological unit of all known
living organisms

31.
Cell-based Architecture

32.
Component: Atomic Units
A component represents a
process or business logic
running in a container,
serverless environment, or an
existing runtime. A component
is designed based on a specific
scope, which can be
independently run and reused
at the runtime.

33.
Cell: Units of Enterprise Architecture
A cell is a collection of
components, grouped from
design and implementation
into deployment. A cell is
independently deployable,
manageable, and observable.

34.
Cell:Component
1:M
1:1

35.
Connected Cells
picture credit: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/

36.
Control Plane:
- Signaling of the network
- Makes decisions about the traffic flow
Data Plane:
- Forwards traffic between hops
- Takes data packets
picture credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/teflon/
Management Plane:
- Configure
- Observeabiltty, Monitor

37.
Inter and Intra Cell communication
Local-mesh
Global-mesh
DP- data plane
CP- control plane
MP- management plane

38.
Connected Cells
Cell gateway (ingress)
Sidecar (egress)
Adaptor (egress)
Ambassador (egress)

39.
API-first Architecture
picture credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/hugh_nelson/

40.
API-first Architecture Pull APIs
- RESTful HTTP, gRPC
Push APIs
- Events JMS, AMQP, SMTP
- Streams Kafka, MQTT

41.
Gateway Pattern
picture credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/ell-r-brown/

42.
Automated Governance (Re)-enables Flow
Policy Store
(Registry)
Observability
(Monitoring/
Analytics)
Policy
Enforcement
(GW)
Automated governance is made
of three things:
A source of truth:
Policy store/registry
Enforcement of the policy
Gateway or plugin attempting to keep
the desired state
Observability
How close to the desired state are we?

43.
Security of Cells

44.
Developer Experience (DX)
of a Cell

45.
Creating Cells
Brand new Cell
Existing (micro)services
Update an existing Cell
Create a new version

46.
Lifecycle of a Cell

47.
picture credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/rincon_de_lula/

48.
Structured Agility
Versioned Components
Versioned Cells
Dependency managed
Autowired
Reusable
Enhanced MSA & CNA

49.
Cell-based Enterprise
Architecture

50.
Cell Types
Cell Type Components
Logic Microservices, Functions, MicroGateways, lightweight storages
Integration MicroESB or other integration microservices, lightweight storage and/or cache
Legacy Existing systems, legacy services
External SaaS and partner systems
Data RDBMS, NoSQL, File, Message Broker*
Identity IDP, user stores
Channel Web Apps, IoT, mobile apps

51.
Reference Implementation L0

52.
Reference Implementation L1

53.
Human-centric Architecture
picture credit: https://www.vertoanalytics.com/human-vs-data-centric-marketing/

54.
Cells and Podular (cellular) Organizations

55.
Measure the success
picture credit: https://www.marketingdonut.co.uk/direct-marketing/running-a-direct-mail-campaign/getting-the-measure-of-your-marketing

56.
https://www.tasktop.com/blog/5-best-metrics-youve-never-met/
https://dzone.com/articles/reducing-mttr
Mean Time to Repair

57.
Self-contained
Deployable as a unit
Independently elastic
Local data & control plane
Summary: Cell

58.
Decentralized, MSA, Cloud-native
Technology neutral
Human-centric
APIs as products
Summary: Cell-based Architecture

59.
Contribution: walk the talk
picture credit: https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/06/microsoft-buying-github

60.
picture credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/josephmorris/
Just a (steady) start
https://github.com/wso2/reference-architecture

61.
picture credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/vasile23/
https://github.com/wso2/reference-methodology
Reference Methodology

62.
https://cellery.io/
Build, run, and
manage
code-first
composites
on
Kubernetes

63.
Cellery - simple composition and graphical view

64.
Cellery - 0.4.0
• Stateful cells
• Composites (naked cells)
◦ Includes Observability, Composite
patch, and Composite advanced
deployments with Blue-Green and
Canary.
• Simpler cell testing (telepresence) and inline
tests
• Enhanced routing based on incoming
headers
• Support for ConfigMaps, and Secrets
• Performance improvements on Cell startup
• Support for Envoy as Cell gateway
• Istio upgrade to 1.2.2
• WSO2 SP as mixer adapter to collect

65.
A cloud-native programming language for microservices and APIs
- A compiled, transactional, statically and
strongly typed programming language with
textual and graphical syntaxes.
- Incorporates fundamental concepts of
distributed system integration
- Offers a type safe, concurrent environment
to implement microservices with
distributed transactions, reliable
messaging, stream processing, and
workflows
- Compiles into container images for
deployment on Kubernetes and Docker
https://ballerina.io/

66.
Ballerina - code and visual syntax in sync

67.
picture credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/infomatique/
Invitation to consume and contribute
https://github.com/wso2/reference-architecture
https://github.com/wso2/reference-methodology
https://ballerina.io
https://cellery.io

68.
@asankama
THANK YOU
https://www.linkedin.com/in/asankaabeysinghe/
asankaa AT wso2.com