2. An oil is any substance that is liquid at ambient
temperatures and does not mix with water but
may mix with other oils and organic solvents.
Types of Oil:
vegetable oils,
volatile essential oils,
petrochemical oils,
synthetic oils.
3. Organic oils
Organic oils are produced in remarkable diversity by plants, animals,
and other organisms through natural metabolic processes.
Mineral oils
Crude oil, or petroleum, and its refined components, collectively
termed petrochemicals, are crucial resources in the modern economy.
Crude oil originates from ancient fossilized organic materials, such as
zooplankton and algae, which geochemical processes convert into oil
Cosmetics
Oils are applied to hair to give it a lustrous look, to prevent tangles
and roughness and to stabilize the hair to promote growth.
Painting
Color pigments are easily suspended in oil, making it suitable as a
supporting medium for paints. The oldest known extant oil paintings
date from 650 AD
4. Heat transfer
Oils are used as coolants in oil cooling, for instance in electric
transformers.
Lubrication
Oils are commonly used as lubricants. Mineral oils are more more
commonly used as machine lubricants than biological oils are.
Fuel
Some oils burn in liquid or aerosol form, generating heat which
can be used directly or converted into other forms of energy such
as electricity or mechanical work. To obtain most of these oils,
crude oil is pumped from the ground and is shipped via oil tanker
to an oil refinery. There, it is converted from crude oil to diesel
fuel (petro-diesel), ethane (and other short-chain alkanes), fuel oils
(heaviest of commercial fuels, used in ships/furnaces), gasoline
(petrol), jet fuel, kerosene, etc and is used as fuel.
5. Oil has been produced in what is now the republic of Pakistan
from the early 1920's.
A number of fields were discovered in the upper Indus basin in
the 1930's and 1940's.
around 1980 a large number of hydrocarbon discoveries have been
made in the central and southern parts of the country
In 1999 there were at least 70 oil and condensate fields in
production, although none of them was of any great size.
In 2006, Pakistan produced an average of 58,000 bbl/d of crude
oil, but has ambitious plans to increase its current output to
100,000 bbl/d by 2010.
According to the 2008 BP Statistical Energy Survey, Pakistan
consumed an average of 362.38 thousand barrels a day of oil in
2007.
According to the 2008 BP Statistical Energy Survey, Pakistan had
2007 natural gas production of 30.8 billion cubic meters and
consumption of 30.8 billion cubic meters.
9. Overall Oil production is less than the oil
consumption so it is the need of hour to
overcome this less production by discovering
more oil fields and by searching out some other
means of energy like wind energy, solar energy
etc.
