culture its types and how it effects the health and politics also have a concept of socialization and its agents.

3. Culture is derived from the english word “kulthra” and the
Sanskrit word “Samskar” which denotes social channel and
intellectual excellence. Culture is a way of life.
 To clarify, a culture represents the beliefs and practices of
a group, while society represents the people who share those
beliefs and practices. Neither society nor culture could exist
without the other

5. Different sociologist have differently defined the term culture
:
Taylor: culture is the complex whole which includes
knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, law, custom, habits and any
capabilities acquired by a man as a member of society.
John Beatte : culture is a way of life which is transmitted from
generation to generation.

6. Culture consists of the beliefs, behaviors,
objects, and other characteristics common
to the members of a particular group or
society.
Through culture, people and groups
define themselves, conform to society's
shared values, and contribute to society.

7. Culture is the non-biological or social
aspects of human life.
Culture refers to the way we understand
ourselves as individuals and as members
of

9. Cultural evolution, historically also known as sociocultural
evolution, was originally developed in the 19th century by
anthropologists stemming from Charles Darwin's research
on evolution.
Today, cultural evolution has become the basis for a growing field
of scientific research in the social sciences, including anthropology,
economics, psychology and organizational studies.
Previously, it was believed that social change resulted from
biological adaptations, but anthropologists now commonly accept
that social changes arise in consequence of a combination of social,
evolutionary and biological influences

10. Evolution of specific culture is difficult to identify .
From the discoveries and inventions cultural development can be
identified.
One thing is clear that culture is as old as man.
Though the material aspects does not us about the culture but
reveals the evolution of culture. Cultural evolution” is the idea that
human cultural change––that is, changes in socially transmitted
beliefs, knowledge, customs, skills, attitudes, languages, and so on––
can be described as a Darwinian evolutionary process that is similar in
key respects (but not identical) to biological/genetic evolution. More
specifically, just as Darwin described biological/genetic evolution as

11. Though the material aspects does not us about the culture
but reveals the evolution of culture. First-Cousin Marriage
Laws in the U.S.: in some states first-cousin marriage is legal.
Some states signifies that it is legal but has restrictions or
exceptions.

12. ANY QUESTION
?

13. Components of culture are as follows:
Symbols
Language
Values
Norms (Mores, Folkways, Law)

14. Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by
people who share a culture
It can be either material object like flags and it can be a non
material object like different gesture.

15. Language is a system of symbols that
allows people to communicate with one
another
A set of symbols that express ideas and
enable people to think and communicate
with one another.
Language is ability to communicate in
symbols_ orally, manual sign,or in
writing.

16. Culturally defined standard that people use to decide what is right or wrong, good or bad,
desirable or undesirable
Values aften come in pairs of positive and negative.
NORMS;
Norms are rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of it's members.
Established rules of behavior or standard of conduct.

17.  Folkways are accepted ways of behavior.
 According to Gillin and Gillin folkways are the behavior pattern
of every day life which unconsciously arises within a group
 Mores Standard of behavior that influences the moral conduct of
people conformity to mass is called as mores.
 Customs are formed on the basis of habits.
 Customs are social habits which through repetition become the
basis of an order of social behavior.

18.  Laws are enacted by the state or centre to have control over
individual.
 According to Green law is more or less systematic body of
generalized rules, balanced between the fiction of performance and
fact of change governing specifically defined relationship and
situations and employing force or the threat of force in defined and
limited ways.
 Laws applies equally to all Laws are definite, clear and precise.

19. ?

20. Culture and socialization.
 Culture is a word for the 'way of life' of
groups of people, meaning the way they
do things. Different groups may have
different cultures. A culture is passed on
to the next generation by learning,
whereas genetics are passed on by
heredity.
 Socialization is the process of knowing
another person`s culture and learning
how to live within it. When we talk about
culture, we are referring to the totality of
moral norms, values, language, attitudes
and other aspects comprising a society.

21. Definitions of Socialization
 Following are the some important definitions of socialization by
well known sociologists.
 1. DMacionis “The life long process by which as individual
becomes the proper member of society and develops human
characteristics.”
 2. Horton and Hunt "It is a learning process in which groups
interact and learn social norms also develop his/her self.”
 3. Definition of Socialization according to Ogburn: "It is the
process of learning the norms of the group and socierty.
 4.Bogardus: "A process of learning to live and work together is
called socialization."

22. Agents of socialization.

23. Types of socialization.
 Formal socialization is the organized learning of skills, norms and
information such as in a school environment.
 Informal socialization is the learning without formal structure, outside
of an institution, such as with friends.
 Primary socialization
This type of socialization happens when a child learns the values,
norms and behaviors that should be displayed in order to live
accordingly to a specific culture.Example: A child hears his father talk
bad words against an old lady. The child would think that this behavior
is socially acceptable, so he would start talking bad words against older
people.

24. Secondary socialization
This type of socialization occurs when a person learns an
appropriate behavior to be displayed within a smaller group
which is still part of a larger society.
Developmental socialization
This type of socialization involves a learning process wherein
the focus in on developing our social skills.
Anticipatory socialization
This type of socialization refers to the process wherein a
person practices or rehearses for future social relationships.
Resocialization
This type of socialization involves rejecting previous behavior
patterns and accepting new ones so the individual can shift
from one part of his life to another. Resocialization is said to
be happening throughout human life cycle.

25. culture is a set of behavior of a group. Therefore there are many
culture as there are many groups.
Culture of one group may differ completely or in certain aspects
from other.
These variations are known as cultural diversity. Factors
responsible for diverse culture are as follows-

26. Geographical location
Geografical location affect on culture diversity such as landforms , climates,
and natural vegition.
Landforms might include physical features like mountains or oceans . If you in
mountains , you might wear heaviour dresses and tend to be physically stronger
as a result of climbing often.On the other hand , living near the ocean might
mean you wear lighter clothing and incorporate swimming and fishing into
your culture to a great extent .
Climate can greatly affect culture , too compare the inuit people of Alaska
with the desert dewelling nomads of North Africa. These two cultures are
extremely different in many ways . Hot weather drives one group to travel
routinely in search of water and other necessities , while cold weather
prevents the other group from treveling for much of the year.

27. CONTINUE…. Technological advancement
 Agriculture , Social Media
 Religious belief
 In pakistan people have triditions according to Islam and sunnah and hindus
worship Idol
 Life style
 Language
 Technological advancement
Agriculture , Social Media
 Religious belief
In pakistan people have triditions according to Islam and sunnah and hindus
worship Idol

28.  Uniformity of culture is meant by sharing the same type of cultural pattern by the different
group of people.
Uniformity of culture is far more complex than it seems.
Uniformity is based on the belief of God’s superiority.
Benefits of multiculture
1. Benefit of cultural diversity in workplace is the increase in creativity among team, and the
ability to have a more diverse set of situation to specific problems.
2.Diversity in culture can increase innovation , creativity and prosperity in our city . New
residents also enrich the cultural febric of Burnaby by introducing new foods , music,
traditions , beliefs and interests.
3. Diversity in culture promotes acceptance , respect and teamwork despite difference in race ,
age, gender, native language , political beliefs , religion , or communication styles amoung
employees.

29. ANY QUESTION
?

31. IMPACT ON HEALTH
“Every culture have its own customs,which
influence diseases.”
e.G: liver cirrhosis in west due to smoking and
alcohol and oral cancer in india due to tobacco
intake.

32. Supernatural causes:
 Past sins:
leprosy and tuberculosis
 Evils eye:
children are consider to be more prone
To the effect of evil eye.
 Sprits and ghosts intrusion.

33. Other factors:
 Environmental sanitation like, waste water causes
mosquitoes, waste in waters then people drink the water
 Mother and child health.
 Personal hygiene.

34. Set of attitudes, beliefs and sentiments that give order
and meaning to a political process and which provide the
underlying assumptions and rules that govern behavior in
the political system".

35. Pop culture

36. It is generally recognized by members of a society as a set of the
practices, beliefs, and objects that are dominant or ubiquitous in a
society at a given point in time. ... Therefore, popular culture has a way
of influencing an individual's attitudes towards certain topics.
Popular culture—the music, movies, and stories that we hear and see
in the mass media every day of our lives—plays an important role in
American social life

37. Hollywood has produced many films that use
conspiracies as a central plotline.
Spies and spy rings were the focus of some
early conspiracy-based films.
 Mission Impossible (1996)

38. The 2005 film Syriana explored the
covert ties between the government and oil
companies doing business in the Middle
East, and many of the “superhero” films of
recent years
E.g., Captain America: The Winter
Soldier (2014) have a conspiracy as plot
drivers.

39. In the aftermath of 9/11, popular music
emerged as one of the major vehicles
through which Americans were able to deal
with the emotional scars left by the attacks.
Neil Young’s “Let’s Roll,” celebrated the
heroism of some of those who lost their lives
in the attacks.