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Migrant samples in the
Giving in the Netherlands Panel Survey
Sampling and method bias
Arjen de Wit
Exchange meeting German Centre of
Gerontology (DZA), Berlin
November 4, 2013
Our experiences with...


Sampling of migrants in the GINPS



Method effects in data analysis



Issues in questionnaire design
Migrants in the GINPS


Giving in the Netherlands Panel Survey



Migrant cross-sectional sample from 2008



Turks, Moroccans, Surinamese and Antilleans



In 2008, Afghans too



N > 140 per group
Migrants in the GINPS


Giving in the Netherlands Panel Survey



Migrant cross-sectional sample from 2008



Turks, Moroccans, Surinamese and Antilleans



In 2008, Afghans too



N > 140 per group
Sampling



Quota sampling
Snowballing, but different groups (families,
tribes) may dislike each other



Incentives



CAWI preferred among native Dutch



Complemented with CAPI
Sampling
CAWI

CAPI

N

%

N

%

Turkish
Moroccan
Surinam
Antillean
Dutch

108
93
105
98
139

20
17
19
18
26

41
46
42
44
2

23
26
24
25
1

Age: 18-29
Age: 30-44
Age: >45

107
235
201

20
43
37

64
50
64

36
28
36

Lower educated
Middle educated
Higher educated

104
302
137

19
56
25

76
81
21

43
46
12
Sampling
CAWI

CAPI

N

%

N

%

Turkish
Moroccan
Surinam
Antillean
Dutch

108
93
105
98
139

20
17
19
18
26

41
46
42
44
2

23
26
24
25
1

Age: 18-29
Age: 30-44
Age: >45

107
235
201

20
43
37

64
50
64

36
28
36

Lower educated
Middle educated
Higher educated

104
302
137

19
56
25

76
81
21

43
46
12
Weighting


Age



Education



Household size



Region
Weighting
Example: empathic concern


Measured on a 5 points scale
– I often feel concern for people who are less
fortunate materially than me
– Other people's problems do not usually bother
me
– Other people's misfortune does not usually
bother me
– I am often touched by what other people go
through
Example: empathic concern
5

4

Migrants
Non-migrants

3

2

1

Unweighted

Weighted
Example: empathic concern
5

4

(F(1, 714) = 5.48, p = 0.02)

Migrants
Non-migrants

3

2

1

Unweighted

Weighted
Example: empathic concern
5

4

F(1, 714) = 5.48, p = 0.02

F(1, 713) = 4.29, p = 0.04

Migrants
Non-migrants

3

2

1

Unweighted

Weighted
BREAKING

Migrants are more empathic
AMSTERDAM – Values of empathic concern
are more strongly developed among
migrants than among native Dutch, VU
University research shows.
Example: empathic concern
I

III

0.15 *
(0,06)

0,11
(0,07)

0,03
(0,07)

0,12
(0,06)

Migrant (0/1)

II

0,08
(0,06)
0,27 **
(0,05)

Unstandardized regression coefficients
Standard errors in parentheses
* p < 0.05
** p < 0.01
Example: empathic concern
I
Migrant (0/1)

II

III

0.15 *
(0.06)

0.11
(0.07)

0,03
(0,07)

0.12
(0.06)

0,08
(0,06)

CAPI (0/1)
Being religious (0/1)
Unstandardized regression coefficients
Standard errors in parentheses
* p < 0.05
** p < 0.01

0,27 **
(0,05)
Example: empathic concern
I
Migrant (0/1)

II

III

0.15 *
(0.06)

0.11
(0.07)

0.03
(0.07)

0.12
(0.06)

0.08
(0.06)

CAPI (0/1)
Being religious (0/1)
Unstandardized regression coefficients
Standard errors in parentheses
* p < 0.05
** p < 0.01

0.27 **
(0.05)
Questionnaire


Modules
–
–
–
–
–
–

Values
Household giving
Individual giving
Zakath and sadaqah
Self-reported altruism
Vignette experiment

–
–
–
–
–
–

Attitudes
Volunteering
Informal helping
Global citizenship
Remitttances
Background
Questionnaire issues: translating


Translate the questionnaire into Turkish,
Arabic, Polish, ...



Includes people who don't speak Dutch



But can annoy respondents who do
Questionnaire issues: donations


Household donations to organizations
– Methods; areas; org's; areas (goods); local
causes



Individual donations to organizations
– Methods of solicitation; methods of giving



Remittances
– Recipients; areas; recipients (goods); areas
(goods); gifts/loans/business



Zakath and sadaqah
Questionnaire issues: donations
1200
Mean yearly amount in euros among donors, weighted
1000
800
Migrants
Native Dutch

600
400
200
0

Money

Goods

Zakath

Sadaqah Remittances
Questionnaire issues: donations
1200
Mean yearly amount in euros among donors, weighted
1000
800
Migrants
Native Dutch

600
400
200
0

Money

Goods

Zakath

Sadaqah Remittances
Questionnaire issues: donations
1200
Mean yearly amount in euros among donors, weighted
1000
800
Migrants
Native Dutch

600
400
200
0

Money

Goods

Zakath

Sadaqah Remittances
Questionnaire issues: donations
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0

Remittances over 4000 euros per year
Questionnaire issues: donations


What are charitable donations in the eyes of
migrants and non-migrants?



Are Zakath and Sadaqah part of it?



Are remittances part of it?



And are donations to organizations part of
Zakath and Sadaqah?
Questionnaire issues: volunteering


Area module for volunteering in organizations
– Areas; asked to volunteer; activities; hours;
statements



Informal helping
– Activities; recipients; hours
Questionnaire issues: volunteering
80
70
%

60
50
Migrants
Native Dutch

40
30
20
10
0

Volunteering

Informal helping
Questionnaire issues: volunteering
80
70
%

60
50
Migrants
Native Dutch

40
30
20
10
0

Volunteering

Informal helping
Questionnaire issues: overlapping
concepts?
1%

17%
4%

Giving

Volunteering

24%
38%

7%

3%

6%

Informal helping
Questionnaire issues: volunteering





What is volunteering in the eyes of migrants
and non-migrants?
Is informal helping part of it?
People may be annoyed by a question like 'Do
you sometimes ask your family for help?'
Conclusions


Different sampling strategies...
...leading to possible bias in results





Migrant groups may have different
conceptions of 'donating' and 'volunteering'
Direct, unorganized ways of participating are
more common among migrant groups...
… so measure them
Arjen de Wit
Center for Philanthropic Studies
VU University Amsterdam
a.de.wit@vu.nl

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Migrant samples in the GINPS: Sampling and method bias