8. Hyper-V
Capabilities
• 32-bit (x86) & 64-bit (x64) VMs
• Large memory support (64 GB) per VM
• SMP VMs (up to 4 cores)
• Integrated cluster support for HA & Quick Migration
• BitLocker: Seamless, secure data encryption
• Live Backup: Volume Shadow Service integration
• Pass-through disk access for VMs
• Virtual Machine snapshots
• New hardware sharing architecture (VSP/VSC/VMBus)
• Disk, networking, input, video
• Robust networking: VLANs and NLB
• DMTF standard for WMI management interface
• Support for Full or Server Core installations
9. Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V
• Building on the rock-solid architecture of Windows
Server 2008 Hyper-V
• Integration with new technologies
• Enabling new dynamic scenarios:
• Increased Server Consolidation
• Dynamic Data Center
• Virtualized Centralized Desktop
• Customer Driven
11. Live Migration
• #1 Customer Request
• Moving a virtual machine from one server to
another without loss of service
• Workload is unaware of the migration
• Maintain TCP connections of the guest OS
• Enables new dynamic scenarios
• No downtime host servicing
• Maintenance Mode with SCVMM R2
• Load Balancing with SCVMM R2 & PRO
12. Live Migration
• Live Migration via Cluster Manager
• In box UI
• Live Migration via Virtual Machine Manager
• Orchestrate migrations via policy
• Moving from Quick to Live Migration:
• Guest OS limitations?: No
• Changes to VMs needed?: No
• Changes to storage infrastructure: No
• Changes to network infrastructure: No
• Update to Windows Server 2008 R2
Hyper-V: Yes
13. Live Migration
Initiate Migration
I want to Migrate
this VM to another
physical machine
Client accessing VM
SAN
• IT Admin initiates a Live
Migration to
move a VM from one
VHD
host to another
14. Live Migration
Memory Copy: Full Copy
Memory content is
copied to new server
VM pre-staged
SAN
• First initial copy is of all
in memory content
VHD
15. Live Migration
Memory Copy: Dirty Pages
Client continues
accessing VM
Pages are
being dirtied
SAN
• Client continues to access
VM, which results in
memory being modified
VHD
16. Live Migration
Memory Copy: Incremental Copy
Recopy of changes
Smaller set of
changes
• Hyper-V tracks changed SAN
data, and re-copies over
incremental changes
• Subsequent passes get faster
as data set is smaller VHD
17. Live Migration
Final Transition
Partition State
copied
VM Paused
SAN
• Window is very small
and within TCP
connection timeout VHD
18. Live Migration
Post-Transition: Clean-up
Client directed to
new host
Old VM deleted once
migration is verified
successful
• ARP issued to have routing SAN
devices update their tables
• Since session state is
maintained, no reconnections
necessary VHD
20. Migration & Storage
• Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V
• NEW Cluster Shared Volume (CSV)
• CSV provides a single consistent file name space;
• All Windows Server 2008 R2 servers see
the same storage
• Easy setup; Uses NTFS
• No reformatting SANs
• Create one big data store
• No more drive letter problems
• Existing tools just work
22. Clustering VMs with CSV
1. Install Failover Clustering, Hyper-V from 2008 R2
2. Create & Validate your cluster
3. Enable CSV
4. Add storage to CSV
5. Copy VHD file to CSV storage
C:ClusterStorage...
6. Create VM, select CSV Path for VM and files
7. Add the VM to the cluster making it HA
8. Within the VM, configure your application
23. Individual VM Failover on a LUN
Disk
Resource
Disk
Resource
SAN
Same LUN
Solution
Today VHD 1 VHD 2 VHD 3
24. Individual VM Failover on a LUN
VMs running
on Node 1 are
unaffected
SAN
Coordinator
Node
Same LUN
The Solution
(R2) VHD 1 VHD 2 VHD 3
25. Optimized Capacity Planning
• In the past (2008) - 1 LUN for 1 VM
• LUN smallest unit of failover
• Run out of storage space Free Space
• Wasted storage space
VHD
Used VHD
• Storage management challenging
Space
Wasted Out of
Space Space
VHD VHD VHD
VHD VHD VHD VHD
VHD VHD VHD VHD VHD VHD
Many LUNs to Manage
26. Optimized Capacity Planning
• The Solution (R2): 1 LUN for many VMs
• VM smallest unit of failover
• VMs share the pool of unused space
• Flexible utilization and easy Free Space
management Used VHD
VHD
Space
VHD
VHD VHD VHD
VHD VHD
Free Space
VHD VHD VHD VHD
30. VM Memory Management
• Today, processors provide one level of
address translation, but hypervisor
needs to manage two
Guest Virtual Guest Virtual
Guest OS Address Address
Shadow page
defines GVA-to- tables combine
GPA mappings these mappings
Guest Physical because the
Address processor knows
Hypervisor how to perform
defines GPA-to- only one level of
SPA mappings System System translation
Physical Physical
Address Address
31. Shadow Page Tables
• Hypervisor maintains a Shadow Page Table
• Combines two layers of translation into a
single page table
• Demand-filled when Child OS touches a page
• Flushed any time the Child OS modifies
its page tables
• Shadow Page Table overhead
• Fills and flushes invoke the hypervisor
• Can account for up to 10% of total CPU time
• Consumes roughly 1MB of memory per VM
32. Second Level
Address Translation (SLAT)
• Goes by several names
• Intel: Extended Page Tables (EPT)
• AMD: Nested Page Tables (NPT)/Rapid Virtualization Indexing (RVI)
• Processor provides two levels of translation
• Walks the guest OS page tables directly
• No need to maintain Shadow Page Table
• No hypervisor code for demand-fill or flush operations
• Resource savings
• Hypervisor CPU time drops to 2%
• Roughly 1MB of memory saved per VM
• Benefits Large Memory Workloads
• Exchange, SQL, Terminal Services
33. Windows Server 2008 R2
Core Parking
• Overview
• Scheduling virtual machines on a single server for
density as opposed to dispersion
• This allows “park/sleep” cores by putting them in
deep C states
• Benefits
• Enhances Green IT by reducing
CPU power consumption
37. Hot Add/Remove Storage
• Overview
• Add and remove VHD and pass-through disks to a
running VM without requiring a reboot.
• Hot-add/remove disk applies to VHDs and pass-through
disks attached to the virtual SCSI controller
• Benefits
• Enables storage growth in VMs without downtime
• Enables additional datacenter backup scenarios
• Enables new SQL/Exchange scenarios
38. Performance
• Major Performance Improvements
• Dynamic Virtual Hard Disks
• 64k Sequential Writes: 3x Faster
• 4k Random Writes
• 15x Faster
• 85% of Native
• Fixed Disks
• Hyper-V R1: 94% of native
• Hyper-V R2: Almost Equal to native
40. TCP Offload Support
• Overview
• TCP/IP traffic in a VM can be offloaded to a
physical NIC on the host computer.
• Benefits
• Reduce CPU burden
• Networking offload to improve performance
• Live Migration is supported with Full TCP Offload
• Major performance improvement on 10 Gb/E
41. Virtual Machine Queue
(VMQ)
• Overview
• NIC can DMA packets directly into VM memory
• VM Device buffer gets assigned to one of the queues
• Avoids packet copies in the VSP
• Avoids route lookup in the virtual switch (VMQ Queue ID)
• Allows the NIC to essentially appear as multiple NICs
on the physical host (queues)
• Benefits
• Host no longer has device DMA data in its own buffer
resulting in a shorter path length for I/O (performance
gain)
42. Jumbo Frames
• Jumbo Frame Support
• Ethernet frames >1,500
bytes
• Ad hoc standard is ~9k
• Overview
• Enables 6x larger
payload per packet
• Benefits
• Reduce CPU utilization of
large file transfers
• Reduces TCP/IP overhead
by up to 84%
44. Microsoft Hyper-V Server V2
New Features
• Live Migration
• High Availability
• New Processor Support
• Second Level Address Translation
• Core Parking
• Networking Enhancements
• TCP/IP Offload Support
• VMQ & Jumbo Frame Support
• Hot Add/Remove virtual storage
• Enhanced scalability
• Enhancements to SCONFIG
45. Hyper-V Server R1 vs. R2
Microsoft Hyper-V Server Microsoft Hyper-V Server
2008 R2
Processor Support Up to 4 processors Up to 8 processors
up to 24 LPs Up to 32 LPs
Physical Memory Support Up to 32 GB Up to 1 TB
Virtual Machine Memory Up to 32 GB total 64 GB of memory per VM
Support (e.g. 31 1 GB VMs or
5 6 GB VMs)
Live Migration No Yes
High Availability No Yes
Management Options Free Hyper-V Manager Free Hyper-V Manager
MMC MMC
SCVMM SCVMM R2
47. Terminal Services
Virtualization
• Overview
• TSV - Virtualized “Centralized Desktop” provisioning,
access and management solution on top of Hyper-V
• Unified user and admin experience for traditional TS
(session per user) and TSV (VM per user).
• Deployment Scenarios
• Temporary (until Logoff) VM per user Assignment
• Permanent VM per user assignment
• Built-in solution for low complexity deployments
• Features and management are tuned for Entry Level
deployments. Example: 4 TS/TSVM Servers with few apps.
49. Virtualization Management
“Virtualization without good management
is more dangerous than not using
virtualization in the first place.”
– TOM BITTMAN, GARTNER VP AND ANALYST, 9 MAY, 2007
Virtualization Will Drive Major Change in IT Infrastructure and Operations in the Next Three Years, Tom Bittman, May 8, 2007
51. Virtual Machine Manager 2008
A centralized, heterogeneous management solution for the virtual datacenter
• Centralized virtual machine deployment and
management for Hyper-V, Virtual Server, and
VMware ESX servers
• Intelligent placement of Virtual Machines
• Fast and reliable P2V and V2V conversion
• Comprehensive application and service-level
monitoring with Operations Manager
• Integrated Performance and Resource
Optmization (PRO)
• Increase Agility
• Rapid provisioning of new and virtual machines
with templates
