2. Lee, C., & Han, S. (2002). Estimating the use
and preservation values of national parks’
tourism resources using a contingent valuation
method. Tourism Management, 23(5), 531-540.
2
13. Contingent valuation method (CVM)
measure the economic values of non-
market goods
ascertain from respondents what they
would be willing to pay under certain
hypothetical market scenarios
(Lee, 1997)
13
14. Contingent valuation method (CVM)
is able to value trips with multiple
purposes or multi-destinations
is the only approach to elicit existence
benefits of environment amenity from
both users and non-users
14
17. Pretest
Results
Nine offers were selected:
100, 200, 500,
1000, 2000, 5000,
10,000, 20,000, 50,000 won
17
Place Mt. Kayasan
WTP Maximum
Approach Open-ended
18. Payment vehicle
admission fees (use value)
tax (preservation value)
18
Survey method
face-to-face interview
on-site survey
Participants
2300 visitors leaving the national
parks
Duration
peak summer vacation period in
1999
19. Questionnaire
Part IV demographic characteristics
19
Part I
measurements of recreation use and
preservation values
Part II push and pull factors
Part III environmental attitudes
20. Use value question:
‘If the national park provides you with
opportunities for appreciating natural and/or
cultural resources, hiking, and resting, and it
charges χ1 won (Korean currency) as an
admission fee per person, would you be
willing to pay for it?’
20
21. Preservation value question:
‘If it charges χ2 won per person per year as a
tax for preservation of the national park,
would you be willing to pay for it?’
21
22. υ(1, Y – A; s) + ε1 ≥ υ(0, Y; s) + ε0 (1)
υ : indirect utility
Y: income
A: offer (admission fee or tax)
s: other socio-economic characteristics
ε1 , ε0: identically, independently distributed random
variables with zero means
22
23. ∆υ = υ(1, Y – A; s) – υ(0, Y; s) + (ε1 – ε0) (2)
υ : indirect utility
Y: income
A: offer (admission fee or tax)
s: other socio-economic characteristics
ε1 , ε0: identically, independently distributed random
variables with zero means
23
24. logit model
Pi = Fη(∆υ) =
= (3)
Pi: probability that the individual will accept an offer (A)
Fη(∙): cumulative distribution function of a standard
logistic variate
β , γ, θ : coefficients to be estimated
24
1
1 + exp(–∆υ)
1
1 + exp{–(α – βA +γY + θS)}
30. 30
the use value of each national park is far
greater than the current admission fees of
1000 won/visitor and maintenance costs of
3700 won/visitor
increase admission fees to maintain
the quality of the natural environment
31. 31
resources from the national parks are
found to provide considerable use
and preservation value for citizens
Korean government should continue to
provide money for parks management
in order to maintain citizens’ welfare
32. five national parks were thoughtfully
selected
reasons for applying CVM were explained
disadvantages of using the dichotomous
choice (DC) approach were not included
32
33. strategic bias may be generated
interview method was inconsistent
five national parks does not seem enough to
show a strong relationship between location
and the use and preservation values
33
