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The Scientific Method Steps in the Scientific Method There is a great deal of variation in the specific techniques scientists use explore the natural world. However, the following steps characterize the majority of scientific investigations: Step 1: Make observations Step 2: Propose a hypothesis to explain observations Step 3: Test the hypothesis with further observations or experiments Step 4: Analyze data Step 5: State conclusions about hypothesis based on data analysis Each of these steps is explained briefly below, and in more detail later in this section. Step 1: Make observations A scientific inquiry typically starts with observations. Often, simple observations will trigger a question in the researcher's mind. Example: A biologist frequently sees monarch caterpillars feeding on milkweed plants, but rarely sees them feeding on other types of plants. She wonders if it is because the caterpillars prefer milkweed over other food choices. Step 2: Propose a hypothesis The researcher develops a hypothesis (singular) or hypotheses (plural) to explain these observations. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation of a phenomenon or observation(s) that can be supported or falsified by further observations or experimentation. Example: The researcher hypothesizes that monarch caterpillars prefer to feed on milkweed compared to other common plants. (Notice how the hypothesis is a statement, not a question as in step 1.) Step 3: Test the hypothesis The researcher makes further observations and/or may design an experimentto test the hypothesis. An experiment is a controlled situation created by a researcher to test the validity of a hypothesis. Whether further observations or an experiment is used to test the hypothesis will depend on the nature of the question and the practicality of manipulating the factors involved. Example: The researcher sets up an experiment in the lab in which a number of monarch caterpillars are given a choice between milkweed and a number of other common plants to feed on. Step 4: Analyze data The researchersummarizes and analyzes the information, or data, generated by these further observations or experiments. Example: In her experiment, milkweed was chosen by caterpillars 9 times out of 10 over all other plant selections. Step 5: State conclusions The researcher interprets the results of experiments or observations and forms conclusions about the meaning of these results. These conclusions are generally expressed as probability statements about their hypothesis. Example: She concludes that when given a choice, 90 percent of monarch caterpillars prefer to feed on milkweed over other common plants. Often, the results of one scientific study will raise questions that may be addressed in subsequent research. For example, the above study might lead the researcher to wonder why monarchs seem to prefer to feed on milkweed, and she may plan additional experiments to explore this question. For example, perhaps the milkweed has higher ...
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AS & A2 Exam Prep Tips
AS & A2 Examinator Expectations
AS & A2 Examinator Expectations
AS Sociology & the Family
AS Sociology & the Family
AS Sociology: An in Depth Look at Giddens, Beck, Stacey & Weeks
AS Sociology: An in Depth Look at Giddens, Beck, Stacey & Weeks
Recently uploaded
https://medicaleducationelearning.blogspot.com/2024/02/using-micro-scholarship-to-incentivize.html
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Poh-Sun Goh
For more information about my speaking and training work, visit: https://www.pookyknightsmith.com/speaking/
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
Pooky Knightsmith
The pricing and discounting feature is very essential for Odoo POS. Global discount is actually a discount that will apply to the entire order. And it indicates that the discount is applied to every item in the order, regardless of how much each item costs separately. This slide will show how to manage global discounts in odoo 17 POS.
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
Celine George
Importance of information and communication (ICT) in 21st century education. Challenges and issues related to ICT in education.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
MaryamAhmad92
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Property (IP), Intellectual Property Protection (IPP), Intellectual Property Rights (IPR);
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
Poonam Aher Patil
Students will get the knowledge of the following- meaning of the pricing, its importance, objectives, methods of pricing, factors affecting the price of products, An overview of DPCO (Drug Price Control Order) and NPPA (National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority)
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
VishalSingh1417
Wednesday 20 March 2024, 09:30-15:30.
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)
Jisc
The Graduate Outcomes survey exists to improve the experience of future students.
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
neillewis46
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? webinar Thursday 2 May 2024 A joint webinar created by the APM Enabling Change and APM People Interest Networks, this is the third of our three part series on Making Communications Land. presented by Ian Cribbes, Director, IMC&T Ltd @cribbesheet The link to the write up page and resources of this webinar: https://www.apm.org.uk/news/making-communications-land-are-they-received-and-understood-as-intended-webinar/ Content description: How do we ensure that what we have communicated was received and understood as we intended and how do we course correct if it has not.
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Association for Project Management
This Presentation is about the Unit 5 Mathematical Reasoning of UGC NET Paper 1 General Studies where we have included Types of Reasoning, Mathematical reasoning like number series, letter series etc. and mathematical aptitude like Fraction, Time and Distance, Average etc. with their solved questions and answers.
UGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdf
UGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdf
Nirmal Dwivedi
SOC 101 Final Powerpoint
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
camerronhm
An introduction on the challenges that face food testing labs.
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
Sherif Taha
This presentation is from the Paper 210A: Research Project Writing: Dissertation Writing and I choose the topic Beyond Borders: Understanding Anime and Manga Fandom: A Comprehensive Audience Analysis.
Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...
Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...
Pooja Bhuva
Wednesday 20 March 2024, 09:30-15:30.
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Jisc
national learning camp 2024
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
MaritesTamaniVerdade
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges •This presentation gives an overall view of education in 21st century and how it is facilitated by the integration of ICT. •It also gives a detailed explanation of the challenges faced in ICT-based education and further elaborates the strategies that can help in overcoming the challenges.
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
AreebaZafar22
Meaning of Emotional intelligence, Dimension of Emotional Intelligence- Selfawareness, self-motivation, empathy, Social Skills, Mayer &Saloveys(1997) Cognitive model of EI, Golemans (1995) model of EI B. Spiritual intelligence, Methods to learn & develop spiritual Intelligence- Meditation, Detached Observation, Reflection, Connecting, Practice
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
Dr Vijay Vishwakarma
38 K-12 educators from North Carolina public schools
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
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Mebane Rash
Here is the slideshow presentation from the HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief on May 9th, 2024.
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
marlenawright1
Setting up a development environment for odoo using pycharm is highly preferred by odoo developers to develop and debug odoo modules and other related functionalities .
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
Celine George
Recently uploaded
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Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)
Jamworks pilot and AI at Jisc (20/03/2024)
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
UGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdf
UGC NET Paper 1 Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude.pdf
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
Food safety_Challenges food safety laboratories_.pdf
Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...
Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
AS Sociology: Experiments
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As Sociology Topic
3: Experiments
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What is our
Learning Objective? In Topic 3 we will examine and understand the different forms of experiment and their strengths and limitations as ways of investigating the social world.
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This concludes Lab
Experiments & Reliability
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Up Next… Lab
Experiments: Practical Problems
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Download now