Deputy Director General, Sanjaya, outlines Internet infrastructure in Taiwan, demonstrating how the BGP routing table can be used as a data source to visualise Internet infrastructure in an economy by mapping transit paths of Autonomous System Numbers delegated to that economy.

1. Issue Date:
Revision:
Taiwan Internet
Infrastructure
12 June 2015
1.0

2. Overview
Internet Infrastructure
Visualising the interconnection
Taiwan Internet Infrastructure
Regional views
What about IPv6?
Looking ahead

3. Internet
Infrastructure
An introduction to Internet
numbers

4. What do I mean by Infrastructure
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
Layer 3
and
below

5. Sending data over the Internet
• Data is sent over the Internet in discrete packets
– Each packet can be a few bytes or a few hundred bytes, or even
larger
• Packets are sent from ‘source’ to ‘destination’
– When streaming YouTube movie on your mobile phone:
• YouTube server is mainly the source
• Your mobile phone is mainly the destination
• Every source and destination in the Internet must have an
IP address
– IPv4 example 203.0.113.15 (32 bit number)
– IPv6 example 2001:db8:200:ff:1:dc:77:ab (128 bit number)

6. IP addresses and ASNs
6

7. Routing and ASN
• RFC 1930:
– An AS (Autonomous System) is a connected group of one or more IP
prefixes run by one or more network operators that has a SINGLE
and CLEARLY DEFINED routing policy.
– An AS has a globally unique number (sometimes referred to as an
ASN, or Autonomous System Number) associated with it. This
number is used in both the exchange of exterior routing information
(between neighbouring AS’s), and as an identifier of the AS itself.

8. Connecting to the Internet
202.178.112.0/24
2400:3E00:DD::/48 202.178.112.0/24
2400:3E00:DD::/48
Multi-homed network
MAY have a need for BGP and public ASN
Single-homed network
No need for public ASN

9. Why multihome with BGP and use a
public ASN?
Good interconnection strategy can lower cost of
operation by directing traffic through the most cost
effective connections wherever possible
Understanding where your network traffic goes and
when possible shortening the path to your main
customers/suppliers/partners could result in better
overall network experience
Looking further than next hop path diversification allows
you to better evaluate interconnection options, which in
turn could result in better network resiliency
Cost
Performance
Resilience

10. View within an AS: Telco/ISP
Upstream Peer
AS64496
Services
Access network

11. View within an AS: University
Upstream Peer
AS64497
Services
Main campus
Campus A Campus B

12. View within an AS: Data centre
Upstream Peer
AS64498
Main DC
DC-1 DC-2

13. View within an AS: Corporate
Upstream Peer
AS64499
Head office
Factory Warehouse

14. Visualizing the
interconnection

15. The Internet
15
• Networks worldwide
interconnect to form the
Internet. They include ISPs,
Internet Exchange Points,
Universities, Corporate
networks, etc.
• Each dot represents an AS
• There are 44,500+ ASNs
currently active in the
Internet
peer1.com

16. Global AS Core

17. Economy level ASN transit map

18. Data source
• Routeviews.org
– RIBs from routers located in various locations (mostly Internet
Exchanges) around the world (US, Japan, Korea, UK, Australia,
Brazil, Singapore, Serbia)
• First week of April 2015 data
• RIBs collected every two hours
– This is a snapshot, not live data
• This visualization tool is a work in progress
– APNIC values your feedback

19. Sample data
12.180.218.0/24 195.208.112.161 3277 3267 1299 7018 15253
12.180.218.0/24 80.91.255.137 1299 7018 15253
12.180.218.0/24 216.221.157.162 40191 3257 701 15253
12.180.218.0/24 208.51.134.246 3549 7018 15253
12.180.219.0/24 217.192.89.50 3303 3320 7018 19111
12.180.219.0/24 66.185.128.1 1668 7018 19111
12.180.219.0/24 192.241.164.4 62567 2914 7018 19111
12.180.219.0/24 5.101.110.2 3.5410 2914 7018 19111
12.180.219.0/24 198.129.33.85 293 6939 1299 7018 19111
12.180.219.0/24 129.250.0.11 2914 7018 19111

20. Explanation
Top view Side view

21. Explanation
Top view Side view
ASNs with more
downstreams
are displayed
closer to the
centre

22. Explanation
Top view Side view
Lowest ASN shown
at the top, followed
by higher ASNs in a
clockwise direction

23. Explanation
Top view Side view
Darker nodes/path
means there are more IP
addresses involved in
that route

24. Explanation
Top view Side view
Maximum observed path length

25. Demo

26. Regional views

27. China
China Mobile
China Unicom
China Telecom
Provincial
networks

28. Japan
KDDI IIJ
SINET
OCN
SOFTBANK

29. Hong Kong
HKIX PACNET
HUTCHINSON
PCCW/HKT
WHARF
TELSTRA

30. South Korea
LGDACOM
KT
HANARO

31. Taiwan Internet
infrastructure

32. Taiwan
TFN
TW Int’l Gateway
HINET
SEEDNET
EBT
NCTU/MECC

33. Taiwan networks by industry type
18
31
12
41
6
15
Academic
Corporate
DC
ISP
Media
Telco
123 visible networks as of April 2015

34. First 20 ASNs
Industry ASN Description
Academic AS1659 Taiwan Academic Network (TANet) Information Center - Ministry of Education CC - Taipei
Telco AS3462 Data Communication Business Group - Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd. - Taipei
ISP AS4662 GCNet (Reach & Range Inc.)
ISP AS4780 Digital United Inc. - Taipei
Corporate AS4781 PAGIC.net , INC. - Taipei
Telco AS4782 Data Communication Business Group - Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd. - Taipei
DC AS4783 SYSTEX CORPORATION - SYSNET BUSINESS UINT - Taipei
ISP AS4845 Singtel Taiwan - Taipei
Telco AS7478 Mackay Telecommunication Inc.
ISP AS7482 Asia Pacific On-line Service Inc. - Taipei
Media AS7532 Gamania Digital Entertainment Network - Chung-Ho City, Taipei
Corporate AS7533 Neto Corporation - Taipei
Corporate AS7535 TISNET Technology Inc. - Taipei
Academic AS7539 TANet2, sponsored by NSC, TAIWAN - Taiwan Research Network
ISP AS7656 Taiwan Network Access Point - Transit / Administration AS - Taipei
Corporate AS7710 PRC Technology Co., Ltd. - Taipei
ISP AS9216 PUNET Taiwan - PUNET Technology Ltd.,Taiwan
DC AS9244 Diyixian.com (TW) Limited
Academic AS9264 Academic Sinica Network
Corporate AS9311 HITRON TECHNOLOGY INC. - Border AS
11 Service Provider, 5 Corporate, 3 Academic, 1 Media

35. Last 20 ASNs
DC AS55789 TWIDC
Corporate AS59234 AUSTRALIAAND NEW ZEALAND BANKING GROUP LIMITED - Taiwan
ISP AS59268 QLINKS - Da'an Dist
ISP AS131142 Asia Pacific On-Line Service Inc. - Taipei
Corporate AS131143 Chinatrust Commercial Bank - Taipei
Corporate AS131144 ASUSTek COMPUTER INC. - Taipei
Academic AS131146 Chang Gung University - Tao-Yuan
Corporate AS131148 Bank Of Taiwan - Taipei
ISP AS131149 Yuan-Jhen Info., Co. - New Taipei City
Corporate AS131150 Education Bureau, Kaohsiung City Government - Kaohsiung
Corporate AS131584 Taiwan Intelligent Fiber Optic Network Co.,Ltd. - New Taipei City
ISP AS131586 New Century InfoComm Tech Co., Ltd. - Taipei
Corporate AS131587 Mega International Commercial Bank - Taipei City
Corporate AS131588 Financial Information Service Co., Ltd. - Taipei City
Corporate AS131589 Foxconn Technology Group - New Taipei City
Corporate AS131590 Taiwan Cooperative Bank - Taipei
Corporate AS131591 Ambit Microsystem Corporation - Taipei Taiwan
ISP AS132157 TWT Communications - New Taipei City
Corporate AS133089 Qualcomm Inc.
DC AS133158 WELL-POWER Tech Corp - Xitun Dist.,
12 Corporate, 7 Service Provider, 1 Academic

36. In summary
• The first networks in Taiwan are predominantly service
providers and academics
• The newer networks are mostly from corporates
• Core networks are established
• Edge networks are growing

37. What about
IPv6?

38. Japan IPv6
IIJ OCN
KDDI SOFTBANK

39. Hong Kong IPv6
HKIX PACNET

40. China IPv6
CERNET CNGI

41. South Korea IPv6
KISA-SIXNGIX

42. Taiwan IPv6
TW Internet
Gateway
HINET
EBT ASNET

43. Taiwan IPv6
• Similar core network players as IPv4
• Populated by service providers and academic networks
– Just like IPv4 when it started back in 1990
• Hoping to see more networks turning on their IPv6
– Internet of Things network
• Manufacturers
• Utility companies
• Smart cities

44. Looking ahead

45. Looking ahead
• Global trends
– As more organizations interconnect with upstreams, downstreams
and peers, the number of advertised ASNs will continue to grow
– Opportunities to reduce cost, improve resiliency and performance will
be available to those with awareness of this rich network ecosystem
– New technologies such as SDN and network virtualization will drive
innovations and change the way networks are interconnected, so
expect to see a more dynamic ecosystem in the future

46. For discussion
• What’s the Internet experience like in Taiwan?
– From consumer’s point of view
– From corporation’s point of view
– From academic’s point of view
– From service provider’s point of view
• What can be done better?
• What will Taiwan’s Internet infrastructure looks like in the
future?

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