1. Metaphor • Example:
Metaphor is when you • "I am a rainbow" is a example of
use two nouns and metaphor because it is comparing
compare or contrast two nouns, a person, and a rainbow,
them to one another. but does not use like or as.
Unlike simile, you
don't use "like" or "as"
in the comparison.

2. • Example:
Simile • Shrek: Ogres are like onions.
Donkey: They stink?
A figure of speech in Shrek: Yes. No!
which things different Donkey: They make you cry?
in kind or quality are Shrek: No!
compared by the use Donkey: You leave them out in the
of the word like or as sun, they get all brown, start
sprouting little white hairs.
Shrek: No! Layers! Onions have
layers!
(Shrek, 2001)

3. • Example:
Irony • I have no doubt your theatrical
performance will receive the praise
The use of words to convey
the opposite of their literal
it so richly deserves.
meaning; a statement or
situation where the
meaning is contradicted by
the appearance or
presentation of the idea

4. • Example:
Personification • She did not realize that opportunity
was knocking at her door
Assigns the qualities of a
person to something that
isn’t human or in some
cases to something that
isn’t alive.
•Can be used to emphasize
a point

5. • Examples:
Symbol • A heart means love
Something that represents • Tears- Emotion
something else by • Red light means stop
association, resemblance,
or convention
• Light bulb means “new idea”

6. • Examples:
Pun • Sir Lancelot once had a very bad
dram about his horse. It was a knight
A play of words, either on
different senses of the
mare.
same word or on the • Our social studies teacher says that
similar sense or sound of her globe means the world to her.
different words.

7. • Example:
Motif • Moon shadows(shades of darkness)
A recurring theme or • A candle(a light in darkness)
verbal pattern in a single • A ray of sunshine(through the
text or a number of darkness)
different texts

8. • Example:
Understatement • I have to have this operation. It isn’t
very serious. I just have a tumor on
When a writer or speaker
deliberately makes a
my brain
situation seem less
important or serious than
it is.

9. • Example:
Euphemism • Passed away – died
The substitution of • I’m busy – Leave me the hell
an inoffensive term alone
for one considered • Your being let go – Your Fired
offensively explicit

10. • Examples:
Hyperbole • It was so cold, I saw polar bears
wearing jackets.
An extreme
exaggeration used • I am so hungry I can eat a horse
to make a point. • I had a ton of homework
•Opposite of an
understatement

11. • Example:
Litote • “Not attractive”
• “You are not wrong”
Is a figure of
• “Not unlike…”
speech in which
understatement is
employed for a
rhetorical effect
when an idea is
expressed by a
denial of its
opposite,
principally a
double negative.

12. • Example:
Metonymy • Crown is for loyalty
In which one word
or phrase is • Fear gives wings
substituted for
another which it is
closely associated;
describes
something
indirectly by
referring to the
things around it

13. • Example:
Oxymoron • Great Depression
In which • Criminal Justice
incongruous or • Hell’s Angels
contradictory
terms appear side
by side. Known as a
compressed
paradox

14. • Example:
Paradox • “The swiftest traveler is he that
goes afoot.”
In which a
• “War is Peace.”
statement
• “Freedom is slavery.”
appears to
• “Ignorance is strength.”
contradict itself

15. • Example:
Synecdoche • White-collar criminals
In which a part is used to • All hands on deck
represent the whole or the • Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend
whole for a part. me your ears.
•Treated as a type of
metonymy

16. • Example:
Allegory • The idea of human nature and the
need to put oneself ahead of others
The rhetorical strategy of
extending a metaphor
could not be represented better
through an entire narrative than the classic tale of “Lord of the
so that object, persons, Flies”. The novel describes the story
and actions in the text are of a group of boys stuck on a
equated with meaning that deserted island, represented
lie outside the text
allegorically through depictions of a
rational mind, democracy, order and
civility.