2. Ecosystem & forest-ecosystem
An ecosystem is a biological community of
interacting organisms and their physical
environment.
A forest ecosystem is a terrestrial unit of living
organisms (plants, animals and microorganisms), all
interacting among themselves and with the
environment (soil, climate, water and light) in which
they live.
forest ecosystem
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7. Deciduous forests
Trees here have large, flat leaves that drop off in the fall and new leaves grow
in spring.
These grow in places with hot, wet summers and cool, dry winters.
Light can penetrate easily onto the forest floor.
Trees include oak, maple, teak and hickory etc.
forest ecosystem
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8. A glance on deciduous forests
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9. RAINFORESTS
Trees are very tall and leaves are always green.
Ample amount of rain occurs.
Tropical rainforests
located near the equator.
One third of the world's tropical rainforests
are in Brazil.
located in Southeast Asia and the Pacific
Islands (25% of the world's tropical
rainforests) and West Africa (18%).
Temperate rainforests
found along some coasts in
temperate zones.
largest temperate rainforests are
found on the Pacific coast of North
America.
Norway, Japan, New Zealand, and
southern Australia
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13. Coniferous forests
Grow in the Himalayan mountain region
Temperature is low.
Have tall trees with needle-like leaves and downward sloping branches so that
the snow can slip off the branches.
Have cones instead of seeds and are called gymnosperms
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15. A glance of coniferous
forest..
forest ecosystem
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16. Broad leaves
forests
Broad leaved forests have large
leaves of various shapes and have
several types.
Examples are Silver birch, Ulmus
glabra etc
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17. Trees and shrubs found in broad leaves forests..
forest ecosystem
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18. Thorn forests
• are found in the semi- arid regions.
• Trees are scattered and are surrounded
by open grassy areas.
• can conserve water.
• Have long and fibrous roots to reach
water at great depths.
• reduce loss of water – some species have
small leaves and some have thick waxy
leaves.
• have thorns – protect plants from
herbivores.
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20. Mangrove forests
• grow along the coast especially in
the river deltas.
• are able to grow in a mix and
saline and fresh water, in muddy
areas.
forest ecosystem
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24. Services of forest
ecosystem
• Control flow of water
• Watershed protection
• Help increase ground Water level
• Prevent soil erosion
• Control temperature
• Absorb CO2
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25. Threats to forest
ecosystems
• Deforestation
• Poaching
• Overexploitation of
resources
• Development activities
(mining, dams)
• Changing land use
patterns
• Fragmentation
• Habitat degradation
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26. CONSERVATION OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS
Use resources carefully
Alternate source of energy for fuel wood
Afforestation
NP and Wildlife Sanctuaries
Control population
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27. BE A PART TO KEEP THE BALANCE OF
FORESTS ECOSYSTEM..
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