Active vs. passive voice

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2.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 (Auxiliary Verb – is/am/are)
 Subject + V1+s/es+ object
 Object+ is/am/are+ V3+ by + subject
 Subject + Do/does+ not + V1 + Object
 Object + is/am/are+ not + V3+ by Subject
 Does+ Subject+ V1+Object+?
 Is/am/are + Object+ V3+ by subject +?
 Active and Passive Voice Example with Answers of Present Simple Tense
 Active: He reads a novel.
 Passive: A novel is read.
 Active: He does not cook food.
 Passive: Food is not cooked by him.
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3.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 (Auxiliary Verb- is/am/are + being)
 Subject + is/am/are+ v1+ ing + object
 Object+ is/am/are+ being+ V3+ by + subject
 Subject + is/am/are+ not+ v1+ ing+ object
 Object + is/am/are+ not + being+V3+ by Subject
 Is/am/are+ subject+v1+ing + object+?
 Is/am/are + Object+ V3+ by subject +?
 Active and Passive Voice Exercises of Present
Continuous Tense
 Active: Esha is singing a song.
 Passive: A song is being sung by Esha.
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4.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 (Auxiliary Verb- has/have +been)
 Subject + has/have+ v3+ object
 Object+ has/have+ been+ V3+ by + subject
 Subject + has/have+ not+ v3+ object
 Object + has/have+ not + been+V3+ by Subject
 Has/have+ subject+ v3 + object+?
 Has/Have + Object+ been+V3+ by subject +?
 Active and Passive Voice Example with
Answers of Present Perfect Tense
 Active: Nitesh has challenged her.
 Passive: She has been challenged by Nitesh.
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5.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 (Auxiliary Verb- was/were)
 Subject + V2+ object
 Object+ was/were V3+ by + subject
 Subject +did+ not+v1+ object
 Object + was/were+ not +V3+ by Subject
 Did+ subject+V1+ object+?
 Was/were + Object+ V3+ by subject +?
 Active and Passive Voice Exercises of Past
Simple Tense
 Active: Reema cleaned the floor.
 Passive: The floor was cleaned by Reema
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6.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 (Auxiliary Verb- was/were + being)
 Subject + was/were + v1+ing+ object.
 Object+ was/were +being+V3+ by + subject
 Subject +was/were+ not+v1+ing + object
 Object + was/were+ not +being+V3+ by Subject
 Was/were+ Subject + V1+ing + object+?
 Was/were + Object+ being+v3+ by+ subject+?
 Active and Passive Voice Examples with
Answers of Past Continuous Tense
 Active: Nitika was painting the wall.
 Passive: The wall was being painted by Nitika.
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7.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 (Auxiliary Verb- had +been)
 Subject + had + v3+ object.
 Object+ had+been +V3+ by + subject
 Subject +had+ not+v3+ object
 Object + had+ not +been+V3+ by Subject
 Had+ Subject + V3+ object+?
 Had + Object+ been+v3+ by+ subject+?
 Active and Passive Voice Exercises of Past
Perfect Tense
 Active: Misha had cleaned the floor.
 Passive: The floor had been cleaned by Misha.
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8.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 (Auxiliary Verb- will+ be)
 Subject + will+ v1+ object.
 Object+ will+ be +V3+ by + subject
 Subject +will + not+ V1+object
 Object + will+ not +be+V3+ by Subject
 Will+ Subject + V1+ object+?
 Will + Object+ be +v3+ by+ subject+?
 We can better understand Rules of Active and Passive
Voice with examples for future simple tense.
 Active and Passive Voice Examples with Answers of
Future Simple Tense
 Active: Kriya will sew the bag.
 Passive: The bag will be sewed by Kriya.
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9.  Active Voice & Passive Voice
 Subject + will+ have +v3+ object.
 Object+ will+ have+ been +V3+ by + subject
 Subject + will+ have +not+v3+ object.
 Object + will+ have +not+been+v3+ subject
 Will+ Subject+have+v3+ object+?
 Will + object+have+been+v3+by +subject+?
 Active and Passive Voice Exercises of Future Perfect Tense
 Active: They will have brought the toy.
 Passive: The toy will have been brought by them.
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10.  Tip : Let
 If the given sentence in the active voice is in the imperative
form, to get the passive voice use ‘Let’.
 Formation of Passive Voice = Let + Object + be + Past
Participle
 Examples:
 Active: Help me.
 Passive: Let me be helped.
 Active: Open the door.
 Passive: Let the door be opened.
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11.  Tip :Helping verbs like am, is, are, was, were, will, have,
should, could, will
 If the question in the Active Voice begins with a Helping verb the
Passive voice must also begin with a suitable helping verb.
 Active: Are you writing a letter?
 Passive: Is a letter being written by you?
 Active: Will you write a letter?
 Passive: Will a letter be written by you?
 What, When, Who, Why, How:
 If the question begins with ‘Wh’ or How’ form (what, when, how,
etc.) the Passive Voice must begin with the same. Only ‘who’ gets
replaced by ‘By whom’.
 Active: Why did you break the box?
 Passive: Why was the box broken by you?
 Active: Who broke the window?
 Passive: By whom was the window broken?
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12.  Tip : Direct and Indirect Object
 If a sentence contains two objects namely Indirect
Object and Direct Object in the Active Voice, two
forms of Passive Voice can be formed.
 Active: She brought me a cup of coffee.
 Passive: (I) I was brought a cup of coffee by her.
 Passive: (II) A cup of coffee was brought to
me by her.
 Object Complement: When made passive, these
objects complements become subject
complements; they come after the verb.
 Active: They elected him their leader.
 Passive: He was elected their leader.
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13.  Tip : Cases where no passive form exists
 Present perfect Continuous: She has been writing a
letter.
 Past perfect Continuous: He had been cleaning the
house.
 Future Continuous: I will be filing all the documents
tomorrow.
 Future Perfect Continuous: I will have been
serving tea for customers at this hotel for twenty
years by then.
 Intransitive verb which do not take objects:
 · I eat.
 · I am living here.
 · I have travelled by train.
 · I went there.
 · I waited for a long time.
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14.  Tip : Gerund, Infinitive
 When used in passive form, gerund and Infinitive
are formed differently.
 Infinitive: passive is formed as ‘to be + past
participle’
 Active: I want to shoot the tiger.
 Passive: I want the tiger to be shot.
 Gerund: passive is formed as ‘being + past
participle’
 Active: I remember my father taking me to the
theatre.
 Passive: I remember being taken to the theatre
by my father.
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15.  Tip : Cases where ‘by’ is not used
 With: use with in place of ‘by’ to talk about an
instrument used by the agent/subject.
 Active: Somebody hit the dog with a stick.
 Passive: (I) The dog was hit by with a stick.
 Passive: (II) The dog was hit by a boy.
 Impersonal Passive: In scientific / technical / business
writing, the emphasis is usually on the action or
process. So the ‘by’ phrase is generally omitted.
 Active: One finds mosquitoes everywhere.
 Passive: Mosquitoes are found everywhere.
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