measurement of mortality epimiology chapter for msc

1. Presented by:
Vibha charan
M.sc.(N) Ist year
MEASUREMENT OF MORTALITY

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, students will able to:
Explain about the death rate
Enlist the attributed factors decline the death
rate
Describe the international death cirtificate
Enumerate the limitations of mortality data
Describe the uses of mortality

3. Death Rate
Crude death rate is defined as number of deaths
occurring per 1000 MYP of a given area during a
given year. Increase in the size of the population
(or growth of the population) is because of
increased birth rate and decreased death rate.
The decline in the death rate is attributed to the
following factors:
 Absence or decrease of natural checks like
epidemics and famines.
 Control of communicable diseases by
immunization.
 Advancement in the medical sciences.

4.  Improvement in the health consciousness among
people
 Availability of better health care facilities through
primaryhealth centers.
 Launching of various National Health Programs
International aid, etc.

5.  The current death rate in India is 7.35/1000 MYP
(2014). The goal was to reduce the death rate to
7/1000 MYP by 2007. The death rate has to be
declined because higher the death rate, higher is
the birth rate and the population is maintained at
a higher level consistently. India has to enter low
stationary phase.

6. International Death Certificate
 According to the births andand deaths act ,1969,
The medical practitioner, who has attended the
deceased during his last illness, should certify the
death. This constitutes the basis of mortality data.
 This certificate provides information not only
about the direct cause, immediate and
antecedent cause and contributory cause of
death but also about the interval betweenbetween
the onset of each cause and the occurence of
death.

7. Limitation of mortality data
Mortality data are not without limitations. Problems
are posed by
a) Incomplete reporting of death
b) Lack of accuracy
c) Lack of uniformity
d) Choosing a single cause of death
e) Changing
f) Diseases with low fatality. E.g. mental disease,
arthritis.

8. Uses of mortality
Statistics on causes of death are important and
widely used for a number of purposes. They may
be employed in explaining trends and differentials
in overall mortality,
Indicating priorities for health action and the
allocation of resources, in designing intervention
programmes, and in the assessment and
monitoring of public health problems and
programmes-
Moreover, they give important clues for
epidemiological research.

9. Note:
a. The immediate cause may be a condition, an
injury or poisoning directly leading to death.
b. The antecedent or intervening cause is the one
which starts the fatal course leading to the above
cause.
c. The contributory cause is the one, which
contributes to the death but not related to the
disease causing death.

10. Examples:
1. Myocardial infarction-hypertension-obesity.
2. Shock-dehydration following diarrhea-
malnutrition
3. Fat embolism-fracture of femur following accident
epilepsy.

11. SUMMARY
So today we discussed about:
 about the death rate
 the attributed factors decline the death rate
 international death cirtificate
 the limitations of mortality data
 uses of mortality

12. CONCLUSION
Mortality rates can be computed for specific
diseases. As countries begin to extricate
themselves from burden of communicable
disease, a number of other indicators emerged as
measures of specific disease problem.

13. BIBLIOGRAPHY