Introduction to Growth & Development
- Need to study
- Meaning of Growth and Development
- Stages of G and D
- Principles
- Patterns
- Factors affecting
3. Studying Growth & Development
helps..
๏ฎ Know what to expect of a particular child at
any age
๏ฎ Assess child in terms of norms
๏ฎ Understand behavioural patterns of adults
who care for children
๏ฎ Guide in terms of more mature forms of
behaviour
4. Studying Growth & Development
helps..
๏ฎ Diagnose malnutrition, infections & other
diseases affecting G & D
๏ฎ Recognize potential problems and strengths
๏ฎ Assist parents to achieve optimum G & D
๏ฎ Plan for comprehensive care of the child
๏ฎ Work with children effectively in health &
disease
5. GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
The sum of numerous changes that take place
during the life time of an individual. A
dynamic process with inter related
dimensions.
๏ฎ Growth
๏ฎ Development
๏ฎ Maturation
6. GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
๏ฎ Growth โ Increase in size or weight of a whole or any of its
parts (quantitative) = Physical maturation
๏ฎ Development โ Emergence/ expansion of individual
capacities through growth, maturation and learning
(qualitative) = Functional maturation
๏ฎ Maturation โ Increase in competence and adaptability -
โฆto function at a higher level
7. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENTโฆ
Prenatal stage
Conception to
Birth
Early
childhood
1 โ 6 years
Infancy
Birth to 12
months
Middle
childhood
6 โ 12 years
Later
childhood
11 โ 19 years
9. Infancy โBirth to 12 months
Rapid motor, cognitive and social devt.
Develops โTrustโ
๏ฐ Neonatal : Birth to 28 days
๏ฐ Infancy : 29 days to 12 months
โ
10. Early childhood โ 1 โ 6 years
Intense activity, discovery, physical & personality devt.
Develops โAutonomyโ and โInitiativeโ
๏ฐ Toddler : 1 โ 3 years
๏ฐ Preschooler : 3 โ 6 years
11. Middle childhood
- School age 6 โ 12 years
๏ฎ Physical, mental & social devt, peer relationships,
skill competencies and self concept.
๏ฎ Develops โIndustryโ
12. Later childhood -11 โ 19 years
Rapid maturation and change, redefining
of self concept.
Develops โIdentityโ
๏ฐ Prepubertal : 10 โ 13 years
๏ฐ Adolescence : 13 โ 18 yearrs
13. PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT (PATTERNSโฆTRENDS..)
Basic rule โ Every child is unique
- Growth is continuous, orderly & progressive
- Growth is universal and basic to all
๏ฎ Directional trend โ Cephalocaudal, proximodistal, general to
specific
๏ฎ Sequential trend
๏ฎ Developmental pace
๏ฎ Sensitive periods
๏ฎ Individual differences
๏ฎ Cycles of behaviour
๏ฎ Optimal tendency & terminal points
๏ฎ Inter-relatedness
๏ฎ Secular trends
14. PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT (PATTERNSโฆTRENDS..)
๏ฎ Directional trend โ Cephalocaudal, proximodistal, general to
specific
15. PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT (PATTERNSโฆTRENDS..)
๏ฎ Sequential trend โ Follows a definite succession of
achievements in growth and development
๏ฎ Developmental pace โ Velocity of growth is steady after 2 yrs
and then โgrowth spurtโ in adolescence
๏ฎ Sensitive periods- The period of time when
a child's interests are focused on developing a particular
skill or knowledge area.
๏ฎ Individual differences โ Uniqueness of every child
16. Cycles of behaviour
๏ฎ All children cycle in and out of stages of
equilibrium and disequilibrium
18 mo
Stages of Disequilibrium
Stages of Equilibrium
5ยฝ yr 11 yr
2ยฝ yr 9 yr
3ยฝ yr 4ยฝ yr 7 yr
5 yr 10 yr
2 yr 8 yr
3 yr 4 yr 6ยฝ yr
17. PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT (PATTERNSโฆTRENDS..)
๏ฎ Optimal tendency & terminal points โ The ideal
and finest achievement in growth &
developmentโฆand end points of growth
๏ฎ Inter-relatedness โ Of various dimensions of
growth
๏ฎ Secular trends โ Worldwide trend in growth and
development
18. General
GENERAL PATTERNS OF GROWTH
120
140
160
180
200
100
80
60
40
4 8 12 20
18
0
20
Lymphoid
Neural
Genital
Growth %
Age in years
19. Factors affecting Growth and
Development
Play & activity
Illnesses
Nutrition
Heredity
Socio economic
Environment
Seasons/ O2 conc
Socio-psychologic
Neuro endocrine
Familial influence