A chapter in class 10th Geography book. PPT has more than enough elaborate information of the chapter.

3. CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. FOREST RESOURCES
3. FOREST RESOURCES-INDIAN SCENARIO
4. FUNCTIONS OF FORESTS
5. ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMICAL IMPORTANCE
6. BIO DIVERSITY
7. FLORA AND FAUNA
8. DEFORESTATION
9. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO RED DATA BOOK

4. 01. INTRODUCTION
Forest resources play an important role in the economy of any
country. It is highly complex, changing environment made up of a living
and non living things. Living things include trees, shrubs, wildlife etc. and
non-living things include water, nutrients, rocks, sunlight and air. Forest
vary a great deal in composition and density and are distinct from
meadows and pastures. Forest are important to humans and the natural
world. For humans, they have many aesthetics, recreational, economic,
historical, cultural and religious values. Forest provide fuel, wood, timber,
wildlife, habitat, industrial, forest products, climate regulations, medicinal
etc.

5. 02. FOREST RESOURCES
The word forest is derived from a Latin word
“ Foris” means Outside
Forest are one of the most important natural resources of the earth.
Approximately 1/3rd of the earth’s total area is covered by forests

6. 03. INDIAN SCENARIO
In India forest cover Overall, 21.67% of the country's geographical area is
now under green cover
(as per 2019* data) The total forest cover in India is 712,249 km2
Forest cover in India is defined as all lands, more than one hectare in
area with a tree canopy density of more than 10%.

7. FOREST COVER OF INDIA

9. 04. FUNCTIONS OF FORESTS
The functions of forest may broadly classified into following categories
Protective Function
Productive Function
Regulative Function
Accessory Function

10. PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS
Forest Provide protection against Soil erosion, Droughts, floods, noise,
radiations

11. PRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS
Forest Provide various products like, gum resins, medicines, Katha, honey,
pulp, bamboo, timber, and fruits

12. REGULATIVE FUNCTIONS
• The Forest regulates the level of Oxygen and carbon dioxide in atmosphere.
The forests also help in regulating temperature conditions

13. ACCESSORY FUNCTION
Forest provides aesthetics, habitat to various flora and fauna besides that
it also has an recreational value.

14. 05. ECOLOGICAL
IMPORTANCE OR USES OF
FORESTS
Regulation of global climate and temperature
Forest play a crucial role in regulation of global climate and temperature
as forest cover absorb the solar radiations that would otherwise be
reflected back into the atmosphere by bare surface of the earth.
Transpiration of plants increases the atmosphere humidity which affects
the rainfall, cools the atmosphere and thus regulate the hydrological
cycle

15. 01. BIO DIVERSITY
Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on earth. It is a
measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems.
This can refer to:
Genetic variation within an area.
Ecosystem variation within an area
Species variation within an area.

16. 06. BIODIVERSITY

17. Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region
or time, generally the naturally occurring or
indigenous- native plant life.
Fauna is all of the animal life that constitutes to bio-
diversity of any particular region or time.
 Flora and Fauna along with other forms of life likes fungi
are called the biota of a particular region.
07. FLORA AND FAUNA

18. India has some of the world's most bio-diverse regions. It is a
mega diverse nation, housing around 8% of world's species.
 India hosts 3 biodiversity hotspots: the western Ghats, the
Himalayas and the Indo-Burma region. These hotspots have
numerous endemic species.
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA

19. FLORA IN INDIA
The flora of India is one of the richest of the world due to a wide
range of climate, topology and environments in the country.
There are over 15000 species of flowering plants in India, which
account for 6 percent of the total plant species in the world.
 India covers more than 45,000 species of flora, out of which there are
several species that are not found anywhere else.

20. FLORA IN INDIA

21. FAUNA IN INDIA
India is one of the eighteen mega diverse countries.
 it is home to 7.6% of all mammalian, 12.6% of all
avian, 6.2% of all reptilian, 4.4% of all amphibian ,
and 11.7% of all fish species.
India is home to several well-known large
mammals, including the Asian elephant, Bengal
tiger, Asiatic lion, leopard ,Indian rhinoceros, Deer
etc.

22. FAUNA IN INDIA

23. 08.. DEFORESTATION

24. 09. CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO RED DATA BOOK
International Union for Conservation of Nature and
Natural Resources ( IUCN ) has classified existing
plant and animal species into following categories.
They are :
 Normal species
 Endangered species
 vulnerable species
 Rare species
 Endemic species
 Extinct species

25. NORMAL SPECIES

26. These are species which are in danger of extinction.
In 2012, the IUCN Red List featured 3079 animal and 2655 plant species
as Endangered (EN) worldwide.
 Eg: Lion tailed macaque, Red Panda, black buck, Tiger, Indian rhino,
Snow Leopard etc.
ENDANGERED SPECIES

27. ENDANGERED SPECIES

28. VULNERABLE SPECIES
A vulnerable species is one which has been categorized by the
International Union for Conservation of Nature as likely to become
endangered
Vulnerability is mainly caused by habitat loss or excessive poaching.
Eg: blue sheep, Asiatic elephant, Gangetic dolphin, Indian Penguins,
Yak, Barasinga etc.

29. VULNERABLE SPECIES

30. RARE SPECIES
 Rare species is a group of organisms that are very uncommon or
scarce . This designation may be applied to either a plant, animal,
bird,or insect.
These species with their small population may move into endangered
or vulnerable species if they are not protected. Eg: Himalayan brown
bear, wild Asiatic buffalo, desert fox, hornbill etc.

31. RARE SPECIES

32.  An endemic species is one whose habitat is restricted
to a particular area. The term could refer to an animal,
a plant, a fungus, or even a microorganism.
 The area where endemic species are found is
relatively isolated from the rest of the world by a
natural or geographical barrier.
 Eg: Andaman teal, Andaman wild pig, Kangaroo,
Nicobar pigeon etc.
ENDEMIC SPECIES

33. ENDEMIC SPECIES

34. EXTINCT SPECIES
 A species is extinct when the last existing member dies.
Extinction therefore becomes a certainty when there
are no surviving individuals that can reproduce and
create a new generation.
 A species may be extinct from the entire region,
country, continent or entire world.
Eg: Asiatic Cheetah, Dodo, Dinosaurs, Mammoth,
Pink Head Duck, Sivatherium etc.

35. EXTINCT SPECIES

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