Historiographic Essay Example

Personal Historiography
A long time ago, at my first book keeping job, I was challenged with helping a recently divorced
man reorganize and relocate the office portion of his business. Like most marriages she was the
brains of the operation, when it came to the finances. After the split his business took a major hit
due to his lack of knowledge of the office portion of the company. The man was a great deasil
mechanic but not so savvy with paperwork and tracking expenses. The first step we tackled was
organizing the new office. I am not sure how the old one was ran, but the man didn't have one
thing carry over to the new office. I remember the first time I walked in, it was just boxes piled
high with random paperwork everywhere. It was not an easy task but we worked several nights a
week in order to get it all sorted out. We started from scratch and had to input everything into his
new QuickBooks program and set up folders to organize all of his clientele information. This being
my first time booking keeping and running an office, I had to learn a lot, fast, and mostly on my
own. By the time all this...show more content...
It was not as simple as you might think. I set up a box in the cab of his truck and would have folders
labeled for each job he was working on, along with an invoice to fill in as he went. All he had to do
was place the receipts and paperwork in the proper folder and write down the billable hours.
Somehow I kept getting back a box of random receipts and folders with blank invoices. So at the
end of the job we would have to sit there together and pick through said box of receipts and
decipher what went where, so we could bill the clients. It was never an easy task and he ended up
losing a few jobs due to the office hours he was having to put in. I am happy to say that he did
eventually get into a routine with his end of the paperwork and was able to focus more on his side
of the
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Historiography Of The Black Death
Historiography
The Black Death, the plague that ravished Europe has been a topic that has intrigued historians for
generations. During the events of the bubonic plague, almost a third of Europe's population
succumbed to the deadly disease. The devastation didn't end there the economy and agriculture
system took a major decline as an after effect as well. There are many historians who have examined
the topic in detail. David Herlihy Author of The Black Death and the Transformation of the West
examines the devastating effects caused by the Bubonic Plague of the 1300's. Author of The Black
Death Phillip Ziegler focuses more on the events leading up to the plague, and all the factors that
made it the perfect storm of destruction. While The Great Mortality by John Kelly explores the
reactions of those who attempted to combat the disease and the measures they took to contain the
outbreak. Much like The Great Mortality the article by Kira Newman Shutt Up: Bubonic Plague and
Quarantine in Early Modern England focuses on not only how the epidemic was treated but more
specifically how it was quarantined. Finally, John Aberth examines the hysteria that the bubonic
plague created in The Black Death the Great Mortality of 1384–1350 and how it fueled the fear
caused by the deadly disease.
The Black Death and the Transformation of the West while full of undisputed historical knowledge
is not without changes to the understood history of the plague. In one–point Herlihy argues that it is

Slave Historiography Of Slavery
Slave Historiography Slavery was a system of forced labor popular in the 17th and 18th century
that exploited and oppressed blacks. Slavery was an issue in the US that brought on many complex
responses. Slave labor introduced to the United States a multitude of issues that questioned political,
economical, and social morals. As slave labor increased due to the booming of cottage industries
with the market revolution, reactions to these issues differed between regions, creating a sectional
split of the United States between industrial North and plantation South. Historiographers Kenneth
Stampp, Robert Fogel and Stanley Engerman, and Eugene Genovese, in their respective articles,
attempt to interpret the attitudes of American slaves toward their experiences of work as well as
the social and economic implications of slave labor. Eugene Genovese argues that slaves used a
strong sense of community as a defense against economic exploitation and dehumanization in his
work "The Black Work Ethic". Kenneth Stampp in his work, "A Troublesome Property", said that
slaves desired freedom, and exhibited many methods of resistance in response to their exploitation.
Robert Fogel and Stanley Engerman in "The Quality of Slave Labor and Racism" argued that the
plantation system was an intricate system focused on management as a key role in expending slave
labor, making it efficient and highly profitable. Although all four historians provided substantial
evidence to backup their

Example Of Ethnographic Essay
This study will employ ethnographic research methods for data collection and it will be comprised of:
Participant Observation:
In this research, I will utilize an observation method to record behaviors, activities, teaching methods,
language of instruction, community centers and home learning environments, teachers' awareness of
refugee students' needs, parents' educational support, the refugee students' previous educational
experiences, language barrier, and educational resources. Moreover, I will also observe and record
participants' physical environment, socio–economics and cultural milieu. The observations will be
conducted in two community centers and three family houses. The families will be observed for
seven to eight hours a day...show more content...
Introduction and Appreciation Meeting:
At the beginning of the data collection, a church leader will introduce the researcher with the
participants. It will also provide a chance for the researcher to explain the research aims, participants'
rights, and voluntarily participation policy. At the end of the data collection, the researcher will also
have a meeting with the participants, wherein the researcher will express his gratitude to the
participants, with some gifts. The meeting will also give an opportunity for the researcher to share
the findings with the participants.
Reflective Field Notes:
Throughout my data collections I will be jotting down my emic and etic perspectives about their
educational experience. For this study, it is essential for the researcher to keep a record of
reflective field notes. Since, refugee participants may have seen or experienced some violence and
persecution in their home county and, currently, may have been facing challenges as well. And,
sometimes, they may not be able to describe their unpleasant experiences and often pause or have
tears in their eyes. Therefore, the researcher's reflective field notes will attempt to record those
instances on a

Example Historiography
From 1848 to 1891, the government of the United States and its army were tasked to secure the
nation's expansion into newly acquired territories west of the Mississippi River. Even during the
Civil War years, the western frontier and those citizens intending to settle those areas compelled
attention and protection from the government and the army. Yet, theUnited States government never
clearly formulated a doctrine for handling the population already living in the new territories, the
American Indian tribes. A cohesive doctrine issued by the Government to manage Western expansion
and Indian affairs, along with a professional, well–trained, unified army would have avoided the
worst violence of the Indian wars.
The foundations of the...show more content...
One of the most convincing aspects of Utley's book is his plain prose and unbiased descriptions. He
does not portray the Indians as hostile, blood–thirsty savages nor the army as entirely heroic or
entirely heartless. He explains the impediments of supply and manpower shortages and how those
affected military campaigns along with the varied strategies for combating an opponent that fights
unheeding of any method of conventional warfare.
For Danziger, difficulties in managing the Indians stem from problems in the Office of Indian
Affairs. Originally part of the War Department, the Indian agents were created to manage the needs
of the Indians moved to the Indian Territory. The agents were assigned to oversee trade, treaty
negotiations, monetary expenditures, education, and civilization programs. Agents also were to
protect the Indian's land rights from settlers moving to the territories. The Office of Indian Affairs
was transferred to the Department of the Interior in 1849 as the policy of Indian management moved
toward containing the Indians on reservations rather than larger, less defined territories. This move
gave control of the reservation Indians to the Indian Office and management of off–reservation, or
hostile, Indians to the War Department, setting up future conflicts between the army and the Indian
agents. Lack of thorough planning and departmental inefficiency are blamed for many Indian
problems. While the reservation policy was intended to protect

Reflection About History
Knowing and understanding the past helps open doors to the future. As the old saying goes
"history repeats itself". And if we didn't study American History, there would be no hope for the
future. Without the knowledge of the past, Americans couldn't prevent the negative things from
reoccuring. Our nation is stronger because superiors recognized the failures in the past and
prevented them from occurring in the future. History doesn't just come from a textbook in
school, it is all around us. History is found in museums, books, on the internet, where statues and
memorials lie, and just from stories passed down from one generation to the next. History not
only explains who people were, but what they did and why. History represents America's failures,
progression, and success. Through history, we learn how people fixed problems, whether it
worked or not, and we can build off of those solutions to better our future as Americans. Decision
makers must use history to make factual judgements in order to succeed. Take the Vietnam War
for example, a war that America didn't win. Although it may be considered a loss, it was a lesson
learned. America learned that war doesn't solve everything, but we do know how to pick and
choose our battles now. My grandpa is a Vietnam veteran, he was in the 101st airborne for the Army.
He came home from the war shamed, just as all the other veterans were. At that time people weren't
accepting the failure and learning from it, but the people of

The Historiography Of World War I
In recent years this post–Fischer consensus has in turn been revised. Historians have returned to the
arguments of the interwar years, focusing for example on Russia's and France's role in the
outbreak of war,[4] or asking if Britain's government really did all it could to try and avert war in
1914. Germany's and Austria–Hungary's roles are deemphasised, and it is stressed that there were
decision–makers in all the major capital cities who considered a general European war in August
1914 to be a risk worth taking. After 100 years of debate, every conceivable interpretation seems to
have been advanced. In some of the most recent publications, even seeking to attribute responsibility,
as had so confidently been done at Versailles, is now eschewed.[5]...show more content...
In 1919 the government of the Weimar Republic established a specialist branch of the Foreign
Ministry, the War Guilt Section (Kriegsschuldreferat), to thoroughly examine archives and
diplomatic records. The Kriegsschuldreferat's mission was to demonstrate that the war had causes
outside German decisions or control. This was politically motivated: Berlin hoped to undermine or
invalidate Article 231 (the 'war guilt' clause) of the Treaty of Versaillesand force renegotiation of
Germany's reparations debt. The Kriegsschuldreferat certainly engaged in historical research, though
its motives were driven by propaganda. Kriegsschuldreferat agents were instructed to suppress or
exclude sources that exposed German belligerence – and to highlight sources that suggested
non–German causes of

WRITING HISTORIOGRAPHY ESSAYS IN HISTORY EXTENSION
Here is a sample question that follows the format of Section 1 in your HSC:
Section I
25 marks
Attempt Question 1
Allow about 1 hour for this section
In your answer you will be assessed on how well you: вћў present a detailed, logical and
well–structured answer to the question вћў use relevant issues of historiography вћў use relevant
sources to support your argument
Using the Source, answer the question that follows.
Source
| |
|History is always an attempt to explain the sequence and connection of events, to explain why, after
the events of 1789,...show more content...
I need to compare and contrast Bullock's views with those of at least two other historians.
Step 2: Identify the main ideas in the source.
Important quotes:
'History is always an attempt to explain the sequence and connection of events'
'It is impossible for the historian to banish such general propositions; they are smuggled in by the
back door, even when he refuses to admit it.'
'In such work it is obvious that the first rule of the historian must be to keep a critical eye on his
own assumptions and pre–conceptions, lest these should lead him to miss the importance of some
piece of evidence, the existence of some connection.'
Bullock thinks the role of the historian is to explain causation in history. The historian needs to be
able to use the evidence to construct a narrative that explains why events occur in the way that they
do. While writing such narratives, the historian will inevitably be influenced by their own
perspective and presuppositions. However, thanks to the historian's professional training, they are
able to keep their presuppositions under control, and to make sure that they remain governed by the

evidence, not their presuppositions.
Bullock therefore appears to be expressing a basically positivist view. The past is there to be
discovered in the traces of evidence that survive. This past can be accessed by the

Historiography During The Cold War
What is Historiography? The study and analysis of historical writings, the method of analyzing a
historical period based on the perspectives of historians to the event.
What is "critical analysis" in history writing? To critically analyze an event one must read about
all aspects of a historical event in order to fully understand that historical era. This is done by
examining several primary source documents, as well as the perspectives of several historians. This
way we are able to break down a historical time and fully understand its success and failures.
For example: Reconstruction is the most controversial point in U.S. history in regards to its successes
as well as its effect on the course of the country. Historians of the 1900's like...show more content...
Using military strategies, political doctrines, and economic aid, the United States was able to prevent
the smaller countries from falling to into the grasp of communism. brinkmanship: the practice of
pushing dangerous events to the brink of disaster in order to achieve the most advantageous
outcome. In the Cold War, the arms race and the space race where important aspects of brinkmanship.
Truman doctrine: established that the United States would provide political, military and economic
assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces, this
was a part of the containment policy of the U.S. to stop Greece and Turkey from being taken over
by the Nazis.
Marshall plan: an American initiative to aid Europe, the United States gave $13 billion
(approximately $120 billion in current dollar value) in economic support to help rebuild European
economies after the end of World War

Graphic Design History
Graphic design is the skill or art of combining pictures and text in the media to convey ideas more
effectively to a community of people. The history of graphic design spans over a vast period of
time and has undergone an extensive amount of change throughout the years for it to get to where it
is today. Each piece of technology that has been invented throughout history not only has improved
upon daily private and social lives, but they also impacted the way in which one was able to convey
ideas through the use of Graphic Design. Graphic Design has a specific process to it and it does
require some skill in order to be proficient within this area. There are many different occupations
that a graphic designer can fulfill. Graphic Design plays an important role in modern day society as
it is...show more content...
The main goal of that firm or agency is to take whatever idea that the client wants them to illustrate
and to turn it into a combination of words and pictures so that the general public or the client's
targeted audience could better understand this idea. In order for that goal to be achieved, it has to
have clear communication, in other words, every aspect of the image has to be harnessed into
supporting the message. What one does in order for the project to be successful is that they have to
take an idea or any information given to them and they have to figure out what colors, forms, style,
location of objects, and location of the words would best be used to portray that particular idea. In
Graphic Design there is practically no limit as to what could be used in the development of an image
ranging from actual construction tools, to a conglomeration of other objects such as computers, and
handheld tools like pencils, brushes, and other things of the like. It typically depends on which
Graphic Design occupation that someone has to determine the tools that are

The changing historiography of the Salem Witch Persecutions of 1692. How current/contemporary
and historical interpretations of this event reflect the changing nature of historiography. The number
of different interpretations of the Salem Witch Trials illustrates that historiography is ever changing.
The historians, Hale, Starkey, Upham, Boyer and Nissenbaum, Caporal, Norton and Mattosian have
all been fascinated by the trials in one way or another because they have all attempted to prove or
disprove certain elements about the trials. By analysing their augments about the causes of the
Salem Witch Crisis, it is evident that this historical event can be examined from a range of different
perspectives and interpreted in a range of...show more content...
Currently the most widely accepted view is that the cause of the trials, was due to fraud and
hysteria. It is rarely debated that it was the girl's diagnoses of being bewitched that was the
catalyst for the trials so if it could be proved that the girls symptoms were fraudulent, then this
could be easily be ascribed as the В‘cause' of the trials. Charles Upham introduce, ascribes the
afflicted children the skills of sophisticated actresses and ventriloquists. The girls, after "long
practice" Upham explains, "could go into fits and convulsions, swoon and fall to the floor, put
their frames into strange contortions, bring blood to the face and send it back again"#. According
to Upham the girls deceived everybody in therms of their В‘illness' leading to the crisis which it
grew into. This interpretation, however, disregards the only true primary resource that exists in
relation to the girls affliction, written by Hale in 1702. As stated above by Hale, the symptoms
were "impossible to do so themselves". So this proposition is not actually backed with historical
sources. Despite this, a number of more contemporary historians support Upham's historical position.
Marion Starkey introduce claims that the girls were "no more seriously possessed than a pack of
bobby–soxers on the loose"#. Starkey agrees with Upham and suggests that the girl's affliction were
fraudulent as they craved the community's

Historiography Examples
Introduction
Educational Autobiography
During my K–12 education, I have always participated in the public school system. I began my
education at an elementary school in metro–Denver. After two years of my attending that school, I
moved to a more secluded town where I attended two different elementary schools, the second of
which had a Gifted and Talented Program I participated in. Each elementary school I attended had
one main teacher for most subjects, and a few other teachers who taught arts and particular sciences.
Then I entered middle school at which there was one teacher for each subject. I participated in the
Gifted and Talented Program here as well. However, my time at this school was arguably my worst
education experience due to teachers...show more content...
One study looked at Community College students and asked what they thought of Affirmative
Action. They generally had very flawed understandings of Affirmative Action, and mainly mentioned
minority races as those who benefitted from the program. The archetypes of being White, rich, male,
and Republican were found to decrease the likelihood that a particular student would support the
program, hinting at prejudicial beliefs from this group. Overall, it can be claimed that Community
College students' understanding of Affirmative Action programs and its implications are inaccurate.
(Zamboanga et al,

The Importance of History Essay
What is history? Should we study history? Who creates history? Is history relevant?
The definition of history, is a question which has sparked international debate for centuries between
the writers, readers, and the makers of history. It is a vital topic which should be relevant in our
lives because it?s important to acknowledge past events that have occurred in our world that deeply
influences the present. This essay will discuss what history is, and why we study it.
History is the study of past events leading up to the present day. It is a research, a narrative, or an
account of past events and developments that are commonly related to a person, an institution, or a
place. It is a branch of knowledge that records and analyzes...show more content...
Focusing on the people involved in a time, place, and series of events makes history. Biographies
and historical fiction may popularize these entities/figures with descriptions of people who lived in
the past or events that happened in the past. Such Historical figures and events include King Leopold
II of Belgium and The Scramble of Africa in the late 19th century. Among other things, King Leopold
II of Belgium (1835–1909), is known for the exploitation of Congo and the mass murder of its
citizens as told in King Leopold?s Ghost by Adam Hochschild. King Leopold II of Belgium, created
and ironically erased history by ultimately slashing the area's population by ten million during his
reign in the Congo, and still managed to shrewdly foster a reputation as a great humanitarian. In
telling this story, Hochschild gave detailed descriptions, especially of the individuals involved,
both good and bad. Set in the palaces and boardrooms of Europe and in the villages of central
Africa, it tells the story of the tragedy that took place during Leopold's so called rule. This ?horror?
story gives and reveals the utter most secrets of the respected King Leopold. Prior to his
colonization, In the mid–1870s, the King hired then world renowned explorer Henry Morton Stanley,
who was familiar with many parts of Africa, to help him go about conquering. During the following
years Stanley stayed throughout in central Africa, talking various tribes into signing over their

Essay On Childhood Historiography
Born in Rowlett, Texas as the first born to my parents, I was raised in the city of Mesquite until
the birth of my only sibling, a little brother two and a half years younger than myself and always
considered the "baby," even in the current day. After his birth, my family moved to the sluggish city
of Rockwall in 2003. We were a small family in a large house, with both parents working and good
babysitters that did not abuse or neglect us few and far between.
These were our only issues until 2004 when my father was diagnosed with testicular cancer. Though
he did survive, this was a severe drain on our funds and we soon lost the house, resulting in us
having to move in with my father's parents in December of 2005.
Soon after this, my father was arrested for the first time on charges of possession of child
pornography. Sentenced to 10 years in prison, my mother suddenly found herself single with two
young children of 4 and 6, both with ADhD and one with severe anxiety to the point of anxiety
attacks upon being separated from his mother. My father was later released after only 4 years due
to good behavior, but these four years were extremely trying on my mother and our small family.
Two months prior to my father's release, my fraternal grandmother was diagnosed with Stage Four
liver cancer, forcing my brother and myself to watch as our grandmother,...show more content...
To this day I am not cured of my mental illnesses, though I do not allow them to consume me and
have been clean of self–mutilation and suicide attempts since May of 2014. Incidents here and there
have caused many a thought about returning to that state, but I have been able to pull myself from
them with the help of many friends and the medication prescribed to me. Life was seemingly better
as I entered the halfway point of my Junior year in high school, optimistic about the future and as
happy as any plagued 16–year–old could

Ethnographic Essay Examples
Technology has made me a cynic. With advances like CGI and even simple Photoshop we have
come to know that seeing isn't necessarily believing. our eyes can be fooled. Things are not, we
have come to believe, what we see them to be. Models are airbrushed movies are enhanced,
photos will fool us. When I've looked at epicures of the Irish countryside, I've always assumed
that the pictures have been altered. they've been enhanced somehow. grass and hills simply are
not that vibrant a green. And I've no doubt there is some judicious use of filters. But perhaps not
as much as we may have imagined. I've just returned from a trip exploring our Wesleyan heritage
in England, and a short tour of Ireland. We didn't get very far in our drive through Ireland for me to
see how wrong I was....show more content...
Driving around the fabled ring of Kerry I was amazed at God's handiwork in creation. The picture
might give you some idea. It's easy to see why Celtic spirituality was so influenced by nature.
They saw their gods all around them in the trees, the hills and the grass. Early Celtic Christianity
did the same thing. They saw God all around them, as if nature itself was a reminder of God's love
and care. If he could make a masterpiece like this, imagine what He is doing in all of us. St, Patrick
took up this theme in his hymn known as the breastplate of St. Patrick. many will be familiar with
this excerpt taken from the much longer hymn: Christ be with me, Christ within me, Christ behind
me, Christ before me, Christ beside me, Christ to win

Historiography Of The American Revolution
The historiography of the American Revolution can be primarily seen in four different perspectives.
Founders Chic historians are concerned with the characters of the founding fathers. Loyalist
historians focus on the mass exodus of the loyalists before and during the American Revolution.
African American historians focus on contributions made by African Americans during theAmerican
Revolution, and finally Imperial historians are concerned with the British perspective and British
colonial policy.
Introduction
"If you change the way you look at things, the things you look at change" (Success secrets, 2014,
Para 1) a quote from Wayne Dyer. What a great quote. Most Americans are taught from our early
elementary school days about the American Revolution. That's great right? I beg to differ. It is my
belief that we as Americans have only been taught one way to look at the American Revolution, and
that is through the American perspective. Why are we not taught the many other perspectives that
were present during the American Revolution? It wasn't just the American patriots that fought right?
Why are we not concerned about the people who were loyal to the British crown? There were
literally hundreds of thousands of free and enslaved African Americans in the colonies at the time of
the American Revolution. There were even African American soldiers, yet we never really hear
anything about them. Finally, what about the army that was fighting against the Americans, the
mighty British

What is History? Essay
What is History?
The definition of history, is a question which has sparked international debate for centuries between
the writers, readers, and the makers of history. In the words of acclaimed historian Edward Gibbon,
"History is indeed little more than the register of the crimes, follies and misfortunes of mankind." A
more romantic view on the subject was taken by Cicero. He said, "History is the witness that testifies
the passing of time. It illuminates reality, vitalizes memory, provides guidance of daily life and
brings us tidings of antiquity" History, described in the simplest of terms, can be seen as a record of
events that have occurred in the past that the historian has taken the trouble to document. It is the
...show more content...
There is of course the argument, that even primary source evidence can be somewhat tainted.
Propaganda by rulers and governments has been used a major tool to promote popularity amongst
their people. For example, in Russia at the turn of the century writers who wrote critically about the
internal affairs of government were censured, persecuted and sometimes imprisoned or executed. In
1537 to 1574, The massive censorship exercised by Cosimo I de' Medici of Florence precipitated a
decline in historiography in Florence. The extreme wealth and power of the Medici family
extended even further into the art of the Renaissance period and their depiction was prevalent as
saintly figures in the works of these artists. Fear of persecution could drive an otherwise
intelligent scholar to be biased and one sided. Even today bias and prejudice is apparent in the
accounting of daily events in newspapers and television. The events revealed to the public are
those which the editor or director chooses to be relevant. The Daily Telegraph for example, is
widely perceived as being supportive of the Tories. In the world of films we never read 'this is a
true story' in the credits but that it is 'based on a true story'. The director, has used artistic licence to
inject either a romantic or

Historiographic Metafiction in
Historiographic Metafiction in The Wars The writing of history has consistently been under heavy
scrutiny, however it is justifiable. When someone reads a book of history they are never getting the
honest–to–god truth. This is because along with the writing of history comes bias. Historiographic
literature is a style of writing that is found in The Wars, it is a style the critiques or gives
somewhat of a commentary on the writing of history. However the historiographic nature of this
book is only half of the major concept. This book, The Wars, is also an example of metafiction.
Metafiction is a type of writing where the book itself addresses the devices of fiction. A book can be
classified as such if it satisfies one of the common...show more content...
When reading The Wars the reader is being told of, essentially, the history of Robert Ross. We are
being told his story through his experiences with different people, transcripts of interviews, letters,
photos and other sources. And even though those who are being interviewed were the people that
were closest to him they still are only to take the events at face value. This is evident when Juliet
d'Orsey is talking about Robert when he arrived at the hospital, she said "I finally took the bull
between the horns and said that Captain Taffler was just downstairs and why not go and visit him
now? That seemed the right thing to say because I could see a funny look pass through his eyes
when I said visit" (Findley 198). Here it is shown that she gives commentary on the physical events
but as for the funny look there is no mention as to what it could mean. The absence of such a
description shows that those who are re–telling the story of Roberts's life didn't know the true
identity of their friend as this В‘funny look' could have been a reference to Roberts's sexuality
which would be a fundamental aspect of his life that should be included if one was writing a book
about his history. But it is not only Roberts history that is being told of in this novel, there are also
many historical events that take place during the story and are interwoven with the fictional
characters Findley has created. In The Wars there are several instances where there is an

Romantic Consumption: A Historiographic Analysis
The Re–invention of Romantic Consumption: A historiographic analysis of Consumptive Reality
and Aesthetics
The historiography of Consumption in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has been irrevocably
changed for the better through a reimagining of what constitutes illness and how it is perceived by
the afflicted societies in the works of Carolyn Day, Charles Lawlor, and Norbert Hirschhorn.
Generally, the historiography has largely been dominated by large scale systemic societal and
epidemiological reasoning, leading to a very abstract concept of the implications of Tuberculosis in
the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This essay attempts to articulate the intersectionality of
these larger macro–historical trends with more focused...show more content...
The work of Lawlor and Day are similar, as both identify the lack of understanding of how
Consumption became a positive aesthetic norm during this period. Both point to Sontag and
Foucault as a starting point, which correlated social class with aesthetics, but did little to discern
why this correlation existed. Day and Lawlor differ in how they answer this question and what
aspects of the Consumptive aesthetic they decide to focus upon. Day heavily relies upon material
culture, to create a deeper understanding of the physical development of illness metaphor within
western culture. Whereas Lawlor, primarily focuses on the intellectual aspect of understanding
illness, by rejecting that the metaphors of disease are automatically inherent to the disease itself.
Rather, certain aspects of the disease were selected to represent the illness, to legitimize the morality
of the upper social classes which were heavily impacted by the disease. Hirschhorn is more of an
outlier, he is not concerned with the metaphorical understanding of illness, but rather, the
epidemiological story of Emily Dickenson, which is more sympathetic with the traditional
historiography of Romantic Consumption. The Consumptive Aesthetic is inherently linked to social
metaphor and understanding of disease, but the existence of social metaphor should not be taken at
face value. The work of the authors mentioned, prove that humanization and deconstruction of the
Consumptive Aesthetic is important in deconstructing social perceptions of illness and the
permissibility of

The Importance of the Study of History Essay
Most universities require every student, regardless of their major, to take at least two history
courses. Most students take these history courses because they are required to do so. This raises the
question, why study history? What is the importance of history to a common being? History is
something that has happened and is factual. By knowing these facts, its students can learn how to
progress and advance not making the same mistakes. Studying history also provides a sense of
respect and pride from its students towards a society. History can also help its students improve
many skills needed for other fields of life. The study of history is very important to a society.
History is a relevant topic for an individual and a society to...show more content...
Ancient Athenians introduced the ideology of a rule by democracy. Without excessive study of the
democracy of the Athenians and its effectiveness, America would not have been born. In order to
inhibit any uprisings to power, such as that which occurred to the democracy of Romans, the
government of United States introduced the concept of checks and balances between the branches of
government. Without the leisure of learning from the fall of the Roman democracy and making
adjustments to prevent that sort of happening, even the strongest democracy could have fallen.
History is used as a tool of learning from the setting of the prices of market products to the decision
to overthrow Saddam Hussein.
Famous philosopher George Santayana once said, "A country without memory is a country of
madmen" (Szasz). America is a country of tremendous nationalism and tradition. To picture the
respect this nation gives to its predecessors, one just needs to examine the US flag. While the flag
shows fifty stars representing the fifty states, the majority of the flag is occupied by thirteen stripes
giving homage to the original thirteen colonies, upon which the nation is founded. Recognizing the
struggles of the people of the past brings newfound pride and patriotism to the minds of the people.
An old man lying on his deathbed usually tries to remember his life from that of early childhood to
the elderly present. He cherishes all the good times of the past,

Historiographic Essay Example

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Historiographic Essay Example